The effect of diabetes on caspase-3 activity in testicular tissue of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats

Abstract:

Introduction: Diabetes or diabetes is a metabolic disorder (fuel production) in the body. In this disease, the ability to produce insulin in the body is lost, or the body becomes resistant to insulin, and therefore the produced insulin cannot perform its normal function. There are two main types of diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas leads to the failure of insulin production, and in type 2 diabetes, there is a progressive resistance of the body to insulin, which may eventually lead to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells and the complete failure of insulin production. In type 2 diabetes, it is clear that genetic factors, obesity and inactivity play an important role in a person's disease. As mentioned, this disease causes many acute and chronic complications on various organs, sexual behavior disorders and reproductive tissue. These complications occur in the male reproductive tissue in the form of a decrease in the number of sperm, low quality of seminal fluid, a decrease in testosterone, and a decrease in sperm cells. In addition to these, the testes are also sensitive to environmental factors that induce cell death, and apoptosis of germ cells may also occur during non-physiological stresses such as ischemia, increased temperature, radiation, and diabetes. Apoptosis is physiological cell death that, under normal conditions, causes the removal of old, damaged, redundant, and harmful cells, and is essential for tissue development and homeostasis. Caspases are part of the cysteine ??protease family that play a central role in the initiation and execution phase of apoptosis. This cascade reaction starts with the activation of initiator caspases and transmits the message through the activation of executive caspases. Caspase-3 is one of the executing caspases of apoptosis. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of diabetes on the expression of caspase-3 in diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin.

Materials and methods: To conduct the study, 23 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 240 ± 40 grams, obtained from Pasteur Karaj Institute, were used. became. The animals were kept in the animal house of the Shahrood University of Medical Sciences in double cages with a light cycle of 12 hours of darkness and 12 hours of light, at a temperature of 22 ± 2 degrees Celsius and a humidity of 30%. They were divided into two groups: the control group and the diabetic group. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (with a dose of 55 mg/kg). After eight weeks, fixation is done by perfusion on the testicular tissue and the prepared slices are transferred on slides to be examined in the next steps by immunohistochemistry and programmed cell death tunnel.

Results: In the investigations carried out in this project, it was shown that in the germinal layer of the testicular tissue of diabetic mice treated with streptozotocin, the expression of casp3 enzyme and the process Apoptosis increases.

Introduction

1-1- Diabetes

Diabetes or diabetes is a metabolic disorder (fuel production) in the body. In this disease, the ability to produce insulin in the body is lost, or the body becomes resistant to insulin, and therefore the produced insulin cannot perform its normal function. The main role of insulin is to lower blood sugar by different mechanisms. There are two main types of diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas leads to insulin production failure, and in type 2 diabetes, there is a progressive resistance of the body to insulin, which may eventually lead to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells and the complete failure of insulin production. In type 2 diabetes, it is clear that genetic factors, obesity, and inactivity play an important role in a person's disease.

Because in diabetes, the speed and ability of the body to use and completely metabolize glucose decreases, therefore the blood sugar level increases (hyperglycemia [1]). When this increase in sugar is present in the body in the long term, microvascular complications of diabetes occur, which can involve different organs of the body such as kidneys, eyes, and nerves. Also, diabetes is directly related to the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, screening and early diagnosis of this disease in high-risk people can be effective in preventing these complications. Diagnosis and screening of diabetes is possible by performing blood sugar test.

1-1-1- Classification and etiology of diabetes

Diabetes disease has different types that are usually distinguished during diagnosis. Therefore, determining the type of diabetes depends on the conditions that the disease manifests itself in. In many patients, they are not easily placed in one of the specific categories of diabetes, for example, a person who has gestational diabetes may continue to have diabetes after the end of pregnancy, and therefore his type of diabetes was changed to type 2. Therefore, for the doctor and the patient, labeling the type of diabetes is much less important than understanding the cause of this disease and its effective treatment. The old classification of diabetes into two insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent types, which was introduced by the NDDG [2] in 1979 and was widely used in the 80s and 90s, caused problems in treatment, which led to the presentation of a new classification of diabetes by the American Diabetes Association into types: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and other types in 1997. Although this division still has problems, it is used (Marchin[3], 2012).

Abstract

introduction :

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder (metabolism) in the body. The disease destroys the body's ability to produce insulin or the body becomes resistant to insulin And therefore cannot produce insulin to do its normal function. There are two main types of diabetes. Destruction of beta cells in the pancreas in type I diabetes leads to impaired insulin production There are two types of progressive resistance to insulin in the body, which may eventually lead to the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas and is full of defects. It is known that genetic factors in type II diabetes, obesity and lack of physical activity play an important role in the development of the individual. As mentioned earlier the disease is chronic and acute effects on many different organs and tissues of reproductive disorders in sexual behavior creates, The effects on male reproductive tissue to reduce sperm count, poor quality of seminal fluid, reduced testosterone and decrease the incidence of sperm cell is stopped. In addition to environmental factors inducing apoptosis of testicular germ cell apoptosis in sensitive non-physiological stress, such as during ischemia, elevated temperature, radiation and diabetes may occur. Physiological apoptotic cell death in normal circumstances lead to the removal of old cells, damaged, excess is harmful for the development and tissue homeostasis is essential. Component caspase family of cysteine ??proteases that play a central role in the initiation and execution phase of apoptosis plays. rats.

Materials and methods:

A total of 23 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 240 ± 40 g, were obtained from the Institute Pasteur in Karaj. were kept.

They were divided into two groups: Control and diabetic. Diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (dose mg / kg 55) was created. After eight weeks on tissue perfusion fixation method takes testicles And sections on glass slides transferred to the next stage by Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL programmed cell death is investigated.

Results : In a study carried out in this project, it was shown that in the testis germinal layer of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats casp3 enzyme expression and increased apoptosis process.