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  3. Investigating the effect of using ultrasound waves (low intensity ultrasound) during periodontal surgeries on the activity of mandibular bone cells in dogs

Investigating the effect of using ultrasound waves (low intensity ultrasound) during periodontal surgeries on the activity of mandibular bone cells in dogs

Number of pages: 78 File Format: word File Code: 32095
Year: 2014 University Degree: PhD Category: Medical Sciences
Tags/Keywords: Bone cells of the mandible - low intensity ultrasound - Periodontal - Periodontal diseases - periodontitis - teeth - Ultrasonic waves
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  • Summary of Investigating the effect of using ultrasound waves (low intensity ultrasound) during periodontal surgeries on the activity of mandibular bone cells in dogs

    Dissertation for receiving the degree of Doctor of Dentistry

    Abstract:

    Introduction: One of the main goals of treating periodontal diseases is to preserve the alveolar bone for continued tooth survival. There is a suspicion that if the activity of osteoblast cells is stimulated and the osteoclastic activity of bone cells is prevented during the treatment process, the bone structure can be rebuilt. The positive effect of ultrasonic waves on stimulating the activity of bone cells has been proven. Therefore, the use of ultrasonic devices is considered an effective method in accelerating the treatment process of bone lesions and fractures. Materials and methods: This study was conducted as a pilot study on 2 dogs. In order to cause periodontitis, orthodontic o-rings were used for 4 weeks in the cervical of the molar teeth on the right and left side of the mandible. Root planing and debridement was performed on the right side of the mandible (control group) by manual pens and on the left side of the mandible (target group) by piezo pen (mectron-20). After the debridement operation on the left side, the piezo pen was stretched for 10 minutes in order to stimulate the activity of bone cells on the bone of the area. After 14 days, sample 1 was sampled from the right and left mandible bone. Sampling in sample 2 was done after 21 days.

    Findings: The results of this study indicated that, statistically, ultrasound waves could not have a positive or negative effect on the process of bone repair, including the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, vascularity, collagen fiber formation, asthetic cell infiltration, bone callus formation, evidence of bone remodeling, and the presence of mature cartilage. (p>0.05)

    Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, it seems that in order to obtain more accurate and reliable results regarding the preference of each of these methods, it is necessary to design and conduct additional studies with a larger sample size.

    Key words: ultrasonic waves, periodontal surgery, bone cells.

     

    The first chapter:

     

     

     

    Review of texts and articles

     

     

    Introduction:

    During periodontal diseases, one of the buildings that may be damaged is the tooth supporting bone or alveolar bone. Therefore, one of the main goals of treating periodontal diseases is to preserve the alveolar bone in order to continue the survival of the tooth. Considering that many periodontal diseases are associated with bone resorption in the jaw bone, there is a suspicion that if the activity of osteoblast cells is stimulated and the osteoclastic activity of bone cells is prevented during the treatment process, the bone structure can be reconstructed and the survival of the tooth restored. Medical science researchers have proven the positive effect of ultrasonic waves on stimulating the activity of bone cells. Therefore, nowadays, the use of ultrasonic devices is considered an effective method in accelerating the treatment process of bone lesions and fractures. It is certain that in the case of the similar effect of ultrasonic waves on the maxillary bone structure and alveolar bone, these waves can be used to stimulate bone-forming cells in the treatment of periodontal diseases during surgeries, while the use of ultrasound devices in the treatment of periodontal diseases is limited to SRP and removal of inflammatory granulation tissue during surgeries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using ultrasonic waves (low intensity ultrasound) on mandibular bone cells and the activity of mandibular bone cells in dogs. Periodontal ligament, gum, cementum and alveolar bone provide the necessary support to maintain the function of teeth.(1) These components are a developmental and functional unit that each of them, including the alveolar bone, may be damaged during periodontal diseases. Alveolar bone plays the role of tooth supporting bone, which is degraded in the course of periodontal diseases due to the increased activity of osteoclasts and affects the prognosis of the treatment.

    Pocket treatment through surgery:

    Pocket surgery treatment can be performed to ensure the removal of all irritating factors from the tooth surface or to remove or reduce the depth of the periodontal pocket.

    The effectiveness of periodontal treatment depends on the complete removal of plaque, plaque and infected cementum from the tooth surfaces. The presence of topography on the root surface often makes surgery more difficult. As the pocket deepens, the surface that needs to be scaled increases, the roughness of the root surface becomes more and the access becomes weaker. All these problems can be reduced by cutting or moving the soft tissue wall of the pocket because in this way the observation and access to the root surfaces increases. These results can be achieved by using flap method and gingivectomy technique. On the other hand, pocket removal means reducing the depth of periodontal pockets to the extent of physiological sulcus, which the patient is able to clean. With the correct selection of the patient, both reducing techniques and increasing techniques are effective in achieving this goal. The existence of the pocket creates areas that are impossible for the patient to keep clean and increases the depth of the pocket. (1)

    Results of the pocket surgery:

    The periodontal pocket may be in an active or inactive stage. In the active pocket, after the treatment, the inflammatory changes in the pocket wall are reduced, which causes the pocket to become inactive and reduce its depth. Sometimes inactive envelopes may heal with LJE. However, these conditions may often be unstable and there is always the possibility of relapse and the formation of a primary pocket.

    Prescribed cases of periodontal surgery:

    The following findings can be prescribed cases of periodontal surgery: (1)

    Areas with inconsistent bone contour, deep corridors and other lesions

    The pockets on the teeth should be such that the complete removal of irritants from the root is clinically impossible. This condition usually occurs in the areas of molars and premolars.

    In cases of involvement of grade II and III furcations to completely remove local factors, and also in case of need for root cutting

    Intraosseous pockets in the distal end molars which are often complicated by mucogingival problems.

    Persistent inflammations in the areas With medium to deep pockets

    In areas with shallow pockets or normal sulcus, the presence of persistent abscesses may be associated with mucogingival problems that require surgery to remove them. style="direction: rtl;">Pocket treatment methods can be classified under three main headings: (1)

    New attachment techniques: which have ideal results because the pocket is removed by creating reattachment of the gum to the tooth in an area more coronal than the depth of the previously existing pocket. These methods are usually associated with bone formation and reconstruction of PDL and cementum.

    Removing the pocket wall: is the most common method. The wall of the envelope includes soft tissue and in cases where there is an intraosseous envelope, it also includes the bone. This wall can be removed in the following ways:

    Shrinkage or retraction: in such a way that by scaling and leveling the root surface, the osmotic process is removed and therefore the gum shrinks and the depth of the pocket decreases. rtl;">Apical displacement: It is done by a flap moving to the apical side.

    Removing the tooth wall of the pocket: which is done by pulling the tooth or cutting a part of the tooth.

  • Contents & References of Investigating the effect of using ultrasound waves (low intensity ultrasound) during periodontal surgeries on the activity of mandibular bone cells in dogs

    List:

    Persian summary..1

    Chapter one: review of texts and articles.2

    Chapter two: methodology and materials.22

    Chapter three: findings.39

    Chapter four: discussion.52

    Chapter five: conclusions and suggestions.58

    Resources..61

    English abstract..66

     

    Source:

     

              Newman MG, Takei H, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza's clinical periodontology. 11 ed. St. Louis: Elsevier health sciences; 2011.

              Bains VK, Mohan R, Bains R. Application of ultrasound in periodontics: Part I. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2008 ;12(2):29-33

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Investigating the effect of using ultrasound waves (low intensity ultrasound) during periodontal surgeries on the activity of mandibular bone cells in dogs
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