Investigating the biochemical analysis of urinary stones in patients of Qom province during the years 1386 to 1389

Dissertation for the degree of general doctor of medicine

Abstract

Introduction:

Suffering from kidney stones has been known since ancient times, as bladder stones have been seen in the examination of Egyptian mummies from 7000 years ago. Urinary stones are the third most common disease of the urinary tract, and the evidence shows that the incidence of this disease has increased continuously in the past few decades. Due to the importance of this issue, a study was conducted with the aim of investigating the biochemical analysis of urinary stones in patients of Qom province between 1986 and 1989. Materials and methods: Patients who underwent surgery for kidney or bladder stones. or are located in the ureter, usually their stones are referred to the laboratory for biochemical determination. In this research, by referring to the laboratories of Qom province (especially laboratories that have a high work load), the list of stone analysis results received in the last 3 years, and in a retrospective study, a number of 255 of these patients were examined. The variables of this project included age, sex, and the types of dominant and dominant compounds in the structure of stones. It should be noted that due to the focus of this research on adults, people under the age of 14 were not included in the study from the very beginning. was analyzed.

Results:

According to the results of this study, among the 255 samples examined, the prevalence of urinary stones in men was about 5 times that of women.

Most women with kidney stones are in the age group above 51 years This is while most of the men involved were in the age group of 41-50 years.

Among the dominant and dominant chemical compounds in the structure of the investigated stones, the most frequent was calcium oxalate with 73.3% and apatite with 42.4%, respectively. However, the composition of apatite has been related to this variable only in the recessive state.

Among the studied compounds, only the composition of cystine is related to gender in the dominant state, so that its frequency is higher in women.

The highest incidence of kidney stones is related to calcium oxalate stones, which should be considered in patients with stones in Qom province, especially regarding treatment and recommendations. Preventive of stone recurrence. The information obtained from the chemical analysis of stones can be used in planning treatment and modifying the diet to prevent the recurrence of stones.

Key words: urinary tract stones, calcium oxalate, uric acid, apatite

Chapter One

Research introduction

Introduction:

Suffering from kidney stones has been known since ancient times (1 and 2) in such a way that bladder stones have been seen in the examination of Egyptian mummies from 7000 years ago (3). Urinary stones are the third most common disease of the urinary tract, and evidence shows that the incidence of this disease has increased continuously in the past few decades. (4) In countries located on the African-Asian stone belt (which extends from Egypt and Sudan to the East of the Middle East, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines) or located in hot and sub-tropical regions, the prevalence of urinary stones has been reported to be relatively high. (5) In a research conducted in Iran in 2005, the prevalence of this disease was reported as 5.7%. (6) Several factors such as metabolic background, structural problems and infection are more involved in stone formation than others. Nutrition, heredity, age, gender and climatic conditions also play a role in this case. (7) Epidemiological studies show that the average prevalence of kidney stones in males is between 7 and 15 percent and in females it is only between 3 and 6 percent.(8, 9, 10) It is estimated that about 12% of people suffer from urinary stones during their lifetime and the maximum incidence of urinary stones is seen in the age group of 30-50 years. (11) Studies show that 8 to 15 percent of the American population will suffer from kidney stones during their lifetime. Studies in white men show that at the age of seventy, one out of eight people have this disease. (12) After the very severe pain that some patients endure, very unfortunate side effects, including kidney failure, are also possible for these patients. (14) Many compounds are known in the structure of stones, of which calcium stones make up 85-80% of them. (15) rtl;">Objectives of the research:

A) The main objective of the project:

Determination of the prevalence of biochemical types of urinary stones in patients of Qom province during 89-86

B) Sub-objectives of the project:

Determining the prevalence of biochemical types of stones Urinary stones based on gender in patients of Qom province during 89-86. Determining the prevalence of biochemical types of urinary stones based on age in patients of Qom province during 89-86. Determining the relationship between biochemical types of urinary stones and age in patients of Qom province during 89-86. rtl;">Determining the relationship between the biochemical type of urinary stones and gender in patients of Qom province during the years 89-86

Research questions or hypotheses:

What is the prevalence of biochemical types of urinary stones in the patients of Qom province during the years 89-86?

What is the prevalence of biochemical types of urinary stones based on gender in patients of Qom province during 89-86?

What is the prevalence of biochemical types of urinary stones based on age in patients of Qom province during 89-86?

Between the biochemical type of urinary stones and age in patients of Qom province during 89-86 there is a relationship.

There is a relationship between the biochemical type of urinary stones and gender in patients of Qom province during 89-86.

Research limitations:

Collaboration Some labs don't have it

Don't have reliable information about stone analysis results in some labs

Words and terms:

Urinary stones: are polycrystalline aggregates that consist of different amounts of crystalloid and organic matrix that are deposited in the urinary system.

Analysis Rock biochemistry: a way to find out the constituents of a rock rtl;">

Chapter Two

Knowledge available in the research

Part I

Conceptual framework:

Urinary stones are the third most common disease. They are urinary tract, and only urinary infections and prostate pathological conditions are more common than it. These stones are common in both humans and animals. Words and terms related to urinary stone diseases have been adopted from various sources. For example, struvite stones, which are composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, are named after H.C.G. von Struve (1772-1851), a Russian naturalist.