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  3. Planning the exploitation of scattered production resources, storage devices and consumption side management solutions in a competitive environment

Planning the exploitation of scattered production resources, storage devices and consumption side management solutions in a competitive environment

Number of pages: 87 File Format: word File Code: 32062
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Electrical Engineering
Tags/Keywords: Can be connected to the network - Cars in Barkada - Consumption management - Exploitation - Operation planning - Scattered production resources - Smart power system
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  • Summary of Planning the exploitation of scattered production resources, storage devices and consumption side management solutions in a competitive environment

    Master's thesis in the field of electrical engineering. M.Sc

    Trend: Power

    Abstract:

    In recent years, two major changes have occurred in power systems. One of these changes is related to the restructuring of the electricity industry and the transformation of the traditional centralized environment into a decentralized one. Another development is in the field of expanding the use of distributed production resources, especially renewable resources in the electricity industry. The important point is that in a competitive environment, investors will not invest in these resources without adopting appropriate solutions. The main reason for this problem is the high uncertainty in the production capacity of renewable resources, the high investment cost of these resources, as well as the uncertainty in the policies supporting these resources. In this thesis, the simultaneous exploitation of distributed renewable generation resources has been done along with energy storage and taking into account consumption management solutions. Electric vehicles that can be connected to the grid are one of the types of storage that have been talked about in recent years in the studies of competitive power systems and smart power networks, and various works have been done in this field. In this thesis, the effect of these sources, i.e. the cars, has been considered. In general, electric vehicles with the ability to connect to the grid are vehicles that have the ability to connect to the power grid at certain defined points and in this way can participate in the exchange of electric power with the power grid. The necessary technical and telecommunication infrastructures must be provided for the optimal use of these vehicles. These cars have the ability to be charged in some hours and discharged in other hours. Therefore, these cars can be used in a cooperative game along with wind resources. In addition, considering that, in addition to the resources on the production side, the resources on the consumption side also have the ability to participate in the electricity market and contribute to the settlement of the market price, so the effect of consumption management solutions is also considered in this thesis. To implement this solution, the load of subscribers is considered elastic and the load is a linear function of the price of electricity.

    Key words: distributed wind generation sources, operation planning, electric vehicles that can be connected to the grid, consumption management solutions

    1-General

    The main goal of the problem Operation planning in the traditional power industry management structure was to minimize planning and operation costs by considering a defined level of reliability. In traditional environments with a centralized structure, most of the long-term operation planning models were based on optimization methods or multi-criteria trade-off risk analysis methods. These methods were useful and appropriate methods; Because planning was done in a centralized manner and with less uncertainties [1, 2]. The only uncertainties that existed were related to fuel prices, load conditions and production of some production sources such as hydropower plants. But what made most of the countries in the world inclined to revise the theories of the natural monopoly of the electricity industry was the oil crises of the 70s[3].

    After that, the governments faced the undeniable fact that the monopoly of the electricity industry in the hands of the government makes it difficult for financial resources to invest in infrastructure to meet the growth of electric energy consumption.

    Restructuring in the electricity industry, in addition to changing the goals and restrictions governing the operation of the power system, has also revolutionized the operation planning[4-10]. In order to enter the competitive markets, electricity producers and private sector investors must formulate their strategies based on economic and environmental considerations in view of the many uncertainties that prevail in the economic system. In this structure, traditional planning methods were the answer, because the actors made their investment decisions in an unstable environment [11-12].Regarding the developments in the power system and entering the competitive arena, two main factors and drivers can be mentioned; One is the trend towards cost efficiency and more emphasis on creating a competitive environment, and the other is the awareness of the society and the government about the environmental consequences caused by the increase in energy consumption in the world. The increase in environmental concerns has also led to the establishment of regulations in order to control the pollution caused by electricity production by power plants. Providing the basis for the business of electricity generation license by renewable energy and pollution tax are examples of these regulations. While the first stimulus, which places more emphasis on creating a competitive environment in the market and makes the operation planning problem more complicated, the second stimulus, i.e., environmental concerns, has also added other regulations to the system, which itself can lead to an increase in uncertainties in the problem of production operation planning [13]. From the point of view of the legislator of the system, whose most important mission is to establish a stable market in the long term. For this purpose, while targeting the important indicators of market stability, it is necessary to plan operation with the aim of optimizing social well-being, optimal reliability, considering environmental issues and issues, and establishing supportive and encouraging regulations for investment in this sector and guidance of production companies for development by the legislator. In addition, despite the various uncertainties and the high cost of investment and the irreversibility of decision-making in this area, reliable approaches and frameworks should be used to achieve long-term and medium-term goals in controlling the power system and the electricity market [12]. to put optimization in the medium and long term in their work agenda. Having a market share and the optimal combination of owned production technologies are among the most important goals of large production companies in electricity markets. In the discussion of operational planning in the competitive environment that is considered in this thesis, there are several very important points:

    Considering different types of resources

    Agreement between criteria that overlap and are not compatible.

    Influencing various types of uncertainty factors

    Predicting future conditions through An effective method

    Considering a planning process that also takes uncertainties into account is very necessary for resource utilization planning. Regarding the diversity of resources, in this thesis traditional resources are considered along with wind resources, energy storages along with the implementation of consumption management solutions.

    For this purpose, it is necessary for production companies to plan exploitation based on achieving medium and long-term goals. Despite the many limitations and uncertainties that production companies face in the short and long term, providing powerful frameworks and methods for planning the operation of the essential needs of the power system.

    uncertainties of the predicted load, the fuel price of production units and the strategic uncertainty of competitors are among the important things that actors face in operation planning. As stated, the strategic uncertainty of actors is very important; Because price fluctuations caused by the strategic behavior of market players in the medium term have a significant effect on the operating profits of these companies. Therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate methods to model these uncertainties in operation planning.

    In this thesis, which aims to plan the operation of scattered production resources, storages and consumption management solutions in a competitive environment, sources that, while being new and modern technology in the power system, should be considered, create interesting discussions from an academic and scientific point of view. One of these resources is renewable resources, among renewable resources, wind resources are more important in terms of technology growth and competitiveness with traditional resources.

  • Contents & References of Planning the exploitation of scattered production resources, storage devices and consumption side management solutions in a competitive environment

    List:

    Abstract..  1

    Chapter One: Introduction

    1-1-Generalities..3

    1-2- The necessity of research and the purpose of conducting the thesis..6

    1-3- Innovations of the thesis.. 7

    1-4- Headings of the thesis..8

    Chapter Two: Overview of different types of technologies Dispersed production

    2-1- Introduction.. 10

    2-2- Definition of distributed production..10

    2-2-1- Objectives and applications of distributed production..11

    2-2-2- Capacity of distributed production..12

    2-2-3- Installation location of distributed production..13

    2-3-DG technologies..13

    2-3-1-Examination of types of DG technologies. 14

    2-3-1-1 Conventional generators..16

    2-3-1-2 Unconventional generators..17

    2-3-1-3- Energy storage devices..18

    2-3-1-4 Power generators using renewable energies. 21

    2-3-2- Technology comparison Distributed production.. 25

    2-3-3-Technical capability of distributed production..25

    2-4- Functional characteristics of DG technologies..26

    2-5- Advantages of using DG generators..27

    2-6- Technical capabilities required by DG.. 29

    2-7- Rules related to connecting DG to Network. 31

    2-8- Restructuring and competitive environment..33

    2-9- The role of distributed production in the electricity market..35

    10-2- Summary and conclusion..36

    Chapter three: An overview of planning the use of wind resources, vehicles that can be connected to the network and consumption management solutions

    3-1- Introduction..38

    3-2- Wind resources..38

    3-2-1- Supportive policies of wind resources..39

    3-3- Impact of wind resources on operation in a competitive environment.40

    3-4- Impact of wind resources on wholesale market price dynamics. Price..41

    3-4-2- Negative prices..42

    3-5- The structure of equilibrium markets in the presence of wind resources.43

    3-6- The effects of increasing the penetration rate of wind resources on the planning of other power plants. 44

    3-7- Existing solutions to reduce investment risk in such a competitive environment. 45

    3-7-1- Mechanism FIT incentive.. 46

    3-7-2- Specified share model and green certificate..47

    3-7-3-Auction..47

    3-7-4- Financial incentive and tax credits..47

    3-8-Consumption management programs..48

    3-8-1 Advantages of customers' presence in the market..49

    3-8-2- Development of linear models of load response programs. 50

    3-8-3- Price elasticity of demand.. 52

    3-9- Electric cars that can be connected to the grid in power systems. 56

    3-9-1- Necessity to consider electric cars as storage. 57

    3-9-2-Car technology- 59

    3-9-3-The position of vehicle technology - 5-network in the power system. 60

    3-10- Review of the literature on the problem of planning the use of distributed production resources, storage devices and consumption management solutions. 61

    3-11- The difference between the work done in this thesis and the previous works. 66

    3-12-Summary and conclusion..67

    Chapter Four: Modeling of exploitation planning by considering wind resources, electric cars and consumption management solutions

    4-1- Introduction..70

    4-2-Main assumptions..71

    4-3- Description of the proposed framework..72

    4-3-1- How to model resources Badi..72

    4-3-2- Logical (strategic) uncertainties..75

    4-4- Mathematical formulation of the problem of operation planning. 80

    4-4-4- How to consider the possible wind resource model in the proposed framework. 83

    4-4-5-Investment cost modeling.

    5-1-Introduction..89

    5-2- Example network..89

    5-3-Numerical studies and analysis of the results considering the role of wind resources along with the consumption management solution. 90

    5-3-1-Sensitivity analysis of the market price ceiling. 91

    5-3-2-Considering outputs as probabilities. 93

    5-4- Planning the use of wind sources and electric vehicles along with the implementation of consumption management solutions. 94

    5-4-1- Numerical study and analysis of the results, the role of electric vehicles in increasing the capacity factor of wind resources. 95

    5-5- Conclusion and summary..98

    Sixth chapter: summary, conclusion and suggestions

    6-1- Summary and conclusion.  100

    6-2- Suggestions. 101

    Sources

    - A: non-Persian sources. 103

    English abstract. 106

     

    Source:

    [1] Vishnu Nanduri, Tapas K. Das, and Patricio Rocha, "Generation Capacity Expansion in Energy Markets Using a Two-Level Game-Theoretic Model", IEEE Transaction On Power System, Vol. 24, NO. 3, AUGUST 2009.

    [2] Arthur Mazer, "Electric Power Planning for Regulated and Deregulated Markets", WILEY - INTERSCIENCE A John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publication, 2007.

    [3] Hossein Seifi, and Mohammad Sadegh Sepasian, "Electric Power System Planning Issues, Algorithms and Solutions", Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.

    [4] Florian Kienzle, Peter Ah?in, and G?ran Andersson, "Valuing Investments in Multi-Energy Conversion, Storage, and Demand-Side Management Systems Under Uncertainty", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, VOL. 2, NO. 2, APRIL 2011.

    [5] Italo Atzeni, Luis G. Ord??ez, Gesualdo Scutari, Daniel P. Palomar, and Javier Rodr?guez Fonollosa, “Demand-Side Management via Distributed Energy Generation and Storage Optimization”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 4, NO. 2, JUNE 2013.

    [6] Pedram Samadi, Hamed Mohsenian-Rad, Robert Schober, and Vincent W. S. Wong, "Advanced Demand Side Management for the Future Smart Grid Using Mechanism Design", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 3, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER 2012.

    [7] Dange Huang, and Roy Billinton, Effects of Load Sector Demand Side Management Applications in Generating Capacity Adequacy Assessment, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 27, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2012.

    [8] A.H. Mohsenian-Rad, V. Wong, J. Jatskevich, R. Schober, and A. Leon-Garcia, “Autonomous demand-side management based on game theoretic energy consumption scheduling for the future smart grid,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 320–331, Dec. 2010.

    [9] Shaghayegh Bahramirad, Wanda Reder, and Amin Khodaei, "Reliability-Constrained Optimal Sizing of Energy Storage System in a Microgrid", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 3, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2012.

    [10] H. S. V. S. Kumar Nunna, and Suryanarayana Doolla, "Multiagent-Based Distributed-Energy-Resource Management for Intelligent Microgrids", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 60, NO. 4, APRIL 2013.

    [11] M. Parsa Moghaddam, M. K. Sheik-El-Eslami and S. Jadid, “Power Market Long Term Stability: A Hybrid MADM/GA Comprehensive Framework”, IEEE Trans on Power Systems, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 2107-2116, Nov. 2005.

    [12] T. Barforoushi, M. Parsa Moghaddam, M.H. Javidi, M.K. Sheikh-El-Eslami, "Evaluation of regulatory impacts on dynamic behavior of investments in electricity markets: A new hybrid DP/GAME framework", IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 25(4), 1978-1986, 2010.

    [13] M.Parsa Moghaddam, P.T.Baboli, E. Alishahi, F.Lotfifard, “Flexibleload following the wind power generation”, IEEE International Energy Conference, Bahrain, 2010.

    [14] Qazi R. Hamid, and Javier A. Barria, “Distributed Recharging Rate Control for Energy Demand Management of Electric Vehicles”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 28, NO. 3, AUGUST 2013.

    [15] Hong Liu, Huansheng Ning, YanZhang, and Mohsen Guizani, “Battery Status-aware Authentication Scheme for V2G Networks in Smart Grid”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 4, NO. 1, MARCH 2013.

    [16] Taha Selim Ustun, Cagil R. Ozansoy, and Aladin Zayegh, “Implementing Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology With IEC 61850-7-420”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 4, NO. 2, JUNE 2013.

    [17] Sekyung Han, Soohee Han, and Kaoru Sezaki, "Estimation of Achievable Power Capacity From Plug-in Electric Vehicles for V2G Frequency Regulation: Case Studies for Market Participation", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 2, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2011.

Planning the exploitation of scattered production resources, storage devices and consumption side management solutions in a competitive environment
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