Investigating parenting styles and their relationship with children's behavioral problems in Rasht primary schools in the academic year 2010-2014

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in nursing

(pediatric nursing orientation)

Abstract

Introduction: The way parents communicate with their children is related to their parenting style. Parenting styles play an important role in the formation of normal and abnormal personality in children and if used Inefficient styles in raising children can lead to many negative consequences, including behavioral problems in them.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine the parenting styles and its relationship with the behavioral problems of children (based on internalization and externalization classification) aged 6 to 12 years old in the primary schools of Rasht city.

Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study on 741 knowledge 6 to 12-year-old students from the first to the fifth grade of public and non-government schools in District 1 and 2 of Rasht city were selected in 1390 by random cluster sampling. Bamrind parenting styles questionnaire and teacher report form were used to collect information. The data was analyzed using SPSS16 software and with the help of descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient of multiple linear regression in a stepwise method. Findings: The results showed that the parents of most of the research units had an authoritarian parenting style (96.5%) with a mean and standard deviation of 41.26±8.29. Also, 12.1% of children had externalizing problems and 8.9% of them had internalizing problems. The results of the regression analysis showed that the authoritative parenting style had a significant negative relationship with both internalized behavioral problems (P<0.003, -109) and externalized problems (P<0.020, ?=-086) and permissive parenting style also had a significant positive relationship with internalized behavioral problems (?=101.06, P<0.006). According to the results of the regression analysis, Authoritative style was a negative predictor of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems for both classes, and permissive style was a predictor of internalizing behavioral problems.

Conclusion:

Authoritative parenting, characterized by a combination of control with high emotional support, appropriate levels of independence and two-way communication between child and parent, plays an important role in preventing behavioral problems in children. Also, the permissive style characterized by little supervision and indifference of parents towards the child's behavior can lead to behavioral problems in children.

Key words: parenting style, children's behavioral problems

Field of research

Children as one of the vulnerable age groups are exposed to a variety of psychological problems, vulnerability factors in this Age is attributed to the active process of growth and the specific requirements of its stages on the one hand, and the control of the child's environmental and situational conditions by adults on the other hand (1). On the other hand, childhood is one of the most important stages of life in which a person's personality is established and formed, and most of the problems and behavioral inconsistencies after childhood are caused by the lack of attention to the sensitive period of childhood and the lack of proper guidance of the growth and development process. The existence of problems in childhood, while they are important in themselves, often also predict the occurrence of later problems, the results of the study by Hofstra[1] and colleagues showed that the presence of many problems in childhood increases the probability of suffering from adult disorders by approximately 2 to 6 times(3). Behavioral problems[2] and emotions that constitute the most forms of child psychopathology occur during the growth and development of some children and at some point in time(4). And it refers to a situation in which the child's emotional and behavioral responses differ from cultural, age and ethnic norms, so that it has a negative effect on the individual's academic performance, self-care, social relationships, individual adaptation, behavior in the classroom and adaptation in the work environment (5). Kirk [3] considers a deviant or emotional behavior that is severe, chronic and continuous while being disproportionate to a person's age, so that, firstly, it has a negative effect on the development process and proper adaptation of the child to the environment, and secondly, it causes disturbance to the lives of others and their use of the conditions (6).In other words, behavioral problems are various extreme, chronic and deviant behaviors that range from aggressive actions or sudden excitement to depressed [4] and withdrawn actions [5], and their occurrence is far from the observer's expectation, so that he wishes to stop such behaviors (7). So far, various classifications have been made for behavioral problems, some researchers have divided behavioral problems into two large categories: internalized behavioral problems [6] and externalized behavioral problems. [7] have been divided (5). Internalized problems are problems that are considered inward, and their main symptoms are related to over-controlled behaviors, such as depression and anxiety, which deal with a person's inner world, which are associated with psychological and emotional conflicts (8). And externalizing problems include behaviors that are often thought to be directed towards others and appear in communicating with others, such as: law-breaking behaviors and aggressive behaviors (9). However, children with behavioral problems form a part of society in which the amount of some problems is higher than in a normal society (10). The World Health Organization announced that the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems among children aged 3 to 15 years in developed countries is 5 to 15 percent, which is also true in developing countries (11). Since the prevalence of behavioral problems is associated with difficulties due to the lack of single definitions, methodological problems, social policies, and economic factors (12). For this reason, researchers have estimated the prevalence of abnormal behaviors or behavioral problems with figures such as 2%, 8%, 10.5% and 24%(7). Achenbach [8] and Rescorla [9] have estimated the prevalence of childhood disorders to be 6-25% (13).

What is certain is that children's behavioral problems are common and debilitating disorders that cause many problems for teachers, families and children themselves, and are associated with a high level of social problems (12). Children with behavioral disorders have various problems, these children have a short attention span. , they have low self-esteem, they have problems in communicating with family members, people and others around them, and they fail easily (14). Impulsivity, restlessness, hyperactivity, aggression, lying, stealing, poor academic performance[10] and poor perception of self-efficacy[11] and social competence are other characteristics of children with behavioral problems(15). Also, behavioral problems increase the possibility of people suffering from substance abuse, delinquent activities, anxiety and mood disorders, learning disabilities, neuropsychological disorders, and borderline personality disorder(17). These children cannot do schoolwork at a level that is satisfactory to their parents, they probably suffer from educational deficits that are reflected in the levels of progress and specific skills, especially in reading (11). Many adults do not tolerate the behavior of children with behavioral problems and resort to punishing them. Compared to their normal peers, these children have limitations in important aspects of their lives and face serious problems in social interactions (5). Most children with behavioral problems have negative feelings and misbehave with others. In most cases, teachers and classmates reject them, and as a result, their educational opportunities are reduced (17). Some statistics show that approximately one out of every 5 children will experience significant behavioral problems and approximately one out of every 10 children will need specialist help(4). However, only 2 out of every 5 children who need treatment are treated, and only half of the people who are treated are treated by specialists, and most children with these types of emotional problems do not receive treatment (3).

Introduction: The way parents communicate with their children is related to their parenting style. Inefficient in raising children can lead to many negative consequences including behavioral problems in them. Introduction & aim: how to communicate with children of parents with their parenting style is associated. Parenting styles play an important role in the formation of abnormal and normal personality in children and the use of adaptive styles in children can lead to many negative consequences, including behavioral problems.