Contents & References of Investigating the effect of cabergoline and melatonin on the expression of conditioned place preference for morphine in male mice
List:
Persian summary. 1
Introduction. 3
Chapter One: Generalities
1-1-Statement of the problem (necessity and importance of the issue) 6
1-2-Goals: 7
1-2-1-main goals. 7
1-2-2-sub-goals. 7
1-2-3- practical goals. 8
1-2-4-Research assumptions. 8
Chapter Two: Literature review
2-1- The connection between brain and behavior 10
2-1-1- Drug addiction as a behavioral disorder. 10
2-1-2- Addiction and the role of disorder in the brain's neurochemical function. 11
2-1-3-limbic device and its role in reward and punishment. 14
2-1-3-1- reward centers and neural pathways. 14
2-1-3-1-1- The role of reward and punishment in learning, memory, reinforcing effect and habit. 17
2-1-3-1-2- important concepts in reward. 18
2-1-3-1-2-1- motivation. 19
2-1-3-2- Punishment centers in the brain and related concepts. 20
2-2- Types of animal models to study the neurobiological basis of reward and drug addiction. 20
2-2-1- Self-administration of medicine. 21
2-2-2- conditional place preference (CPP) 22
2-2-2-1- History. 22
2-2-2-2- Principles, advantages and disadvantages of the method of conditional location preference. 23
2-2-3- Spatial hatred. 28
2-2-4- Motion sensitivity. 29
2-3-dopamine. 30
2-3-1- History. 31
2-3-2- Biochemistry. 31
2-3-3- Dopamine functions in the brain. 33
2-3-3-1- movement. 33
2-3-3-2- Understanding and frontal cortex. 34
2-3-3-3- regulation of prolactin secretion. 34
2-3-3-4- motivational and rewarding effect. 34
2-3-3-5- Connection with psychosis 35
2-3-3-6- Depression. 35
2-3-3-7- Dopamine therapeutic uses 35
2-3-3-8- dopaminergic. 36
2-4- The role of dopaminergic system in addiction 37
2-4-1- Mesolimbic pathway 38
2-4-2- Mesocortical pathway. 39
2-4-3- nigrostriatal pathway. 40
2-4-4- Tuberoinfundibular pathway 40
2-5- The role of serotonergic system in addiction process. 41
2-6- The role of the noradrenergic system in the reward process and drug addiction 43
2-7- The role of the GABAergic system in the addiction process. 45
2-8- The role of the glutamatergic system in drug addiction 47
2-9- The role of the opioidergic system in the addiction process of drug dependence. 49
2-10- The role of other neurotransmitters in the process of addiction. 51
2-10-1- Calcium channels. 52
2-11- Opioids and painkillers. 52
2-11-1- Morphine-like drugs. 52
2-11-2- Chemical properties 53
2-11-3- Types of opioid receptors 55
2-11-4- Opioid agonists and antagonists 56
2-11-5- Mechanism of action of opioids 57
2-11-5-1- Effect of opioids on On the nosceptive pathway 60
2-11-5-2- Pharmacological effects of opioids 61
2-11-5-2-1- Opioids on the central nervous system 61
2-11-5-2-1-1- Analgesia 61
2-11-5-2-1-2- Euphoria 61
2-11-5-2-2- weakening of breathing. 62
2-11-5-2-2-1- Cough reflex weakening 63
2-11-5-2-3- Nausea and vomiting 63
2-11-5-2-4- eye pupil contraction. 64
2-11-5-2-5- Effect on the digestive system 64
2-11-5-2-6- Other actions of opioids 65
2-11-5-2-6-1- Tolerance and dependence on opioids 66
2-11-5-2-6-1-1- Tolerance. 66
2-11-5-2-6-1-2- physical dependence. 67
2-12- Morphine 68
2-12-1- Chemical characteristics. 69
2-12-2- Pharmacokinetic information. 70
2-12-3- Treatment considerations. 70
2-12-4- Therapeutic applications of morphine. 71
2-12-5- Cases of non-use or contraindications of morphine. 72
2-12-6- Pharmacology. 72
2-12-7- History of morphine abuse. 74
2-12-7-1- Addiction. 75
2-12-7-1-1- morphine deprivation syndrome. 76
2-12-7-1-2- Hepatitis C and discontinuation of morphine. 77
2-13- Cabergoline. 78
2-13-1- History. 78
2-13-2- Pharmacology. 79
2-13-3- Pharmacokinetics. 79
2-13-4- Clinical applications. 80
2-13-4-1- hyperprolactinemia. 80
2-13-4-2- Parkinson. 80
2-13-4-3- Other uses. 81
2-13-5- Contraindications and cases81
2-13-5- Contraindications and precautions. 81
2-13-6- Unwanted complications. 81
2-13-6-1-Poisoning. 82
2-13-7- Medicinal forms. 82
2-14- melatonin. 82
2-14-1- How to make melatonin in the body. 83
2-14-2-function and effective factors in melatonin production. 84
2-14-3 - melatonin metabolism. 85
2-14-4- Physiological effects of melatonin. 86
2-14-5- Mechanism of action of melatonin. 87
2-14-5-1- antioxidant role. 87
2-14-6- Clinical applications of melatonin. 88
2-14-6-1- Other uses. 88
2-14-7- Medicinal forms. 89
Chapter Three: Materials and Working Methods
3-1- Animals. 91
3-2- Required materials and working methods 91
3-2-1- Required tools and materials including: 91
3-2-2- Medicines 92
3-2-3- CPP test box and method. 92
3-2-3-1- CPP box. 92
3-2-3-2- CPP test method. 93
3-2-4- Grouping. 95
3-2-5- Ethical considerations. 97
3-2-6- Method of data analysis 97
3-2-7- Testing problems and requirements. 98
Chapter Four: Results
4-1-The conditioned place preference effect caused by morphine sulfate. 100
4-2- The effect of melatonin alone (without using morphine for conditioning) to investigate CPP or CPA caused by it. 101
4-3- The effect of melatonin on the conditioned place preference of morphine. 102
4-4- The effect of cabergoline alone (without using morphine for conditioning) to investigate CPP or CPA caused by it. 102
4-5- The effect of cabergoline on the conditioned place preference of morphine. 103
4-6- The effect of cabergoline and melatonin as a combination on conditioned place preference caused by morphine 104
Chapter five: Discussion and conclusion
5-1- Discussion and conclusion 107
5-2- Suggestions 111
English summary 112
Resources. 113
Source:
Purneqash Tehrani, Saeed. Drugs and behavior. Tehran: Printing and Publishing Organization of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance; 1381. pp. 5,6,31,134.
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