Dissertation
To receive a master's degree in nursing education
(community health orientation)
Abstract
Introduction: Health as one of the main metaparadigms of health theories is next to the concepts of human, environment and nurse; And it has objective and mental dimensions, unfortunately, less attention has been paid to its mental dimension. The mental feeling of well-being is a general concept and is caused by a person's cognitive and emotional perception of the whole life. One of the factors closely related to the mental feeling of well-being is social support. Its different aspects are good predictors for the subjective feeling of well-being. Therefore, the present study has been conducted with the aim of investigating the predictive value of social support dimensions on the subjective feeling of well-being in students of Gilan University of Medical Sciences. Methodology: The present study is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted on 314 students of Gilan University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was done by randomized classification method with equal volume, and 62 students were selected from each faculty (nursing and midwifery, medicine, paramedicine, health, dentistry). The research tool is a questionnaire consisting of three parts: the first part includes demographic information, the second part is a subjective feeling of well-being questionnaire including: a standard questionnaire of life satisfaction (SWLS) and the positive and negative affect scale (PANAS), and the third part is a Norbek social support questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 statistical software and descriptive (frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation) and inferential (independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression) tests. Results: The results of the research showed that subjective feeling of well-being has a statistically significant relationship with gender, age, marital status, place of residence and academic year. has Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant relationship between total functional support and all dimensions of subjective feeling of well-being, as well as between total lack and negative emotion in students (p<0.05). The linear regression model showed that total functional support dimension (p=0.001) and total structural support (p=0.039) and marriage (p=0.021) are predictors of life satisfaction, and also total functional support (p=0.01) predicts positive affect and female gender (p=0.004), younger age (p=0.018) and total lack (p=0.012). as predictors of negative emotion.
Conclusion: Considering that all dimensions of social support are not equally important in predicting the subjective feeling of well-being, but dimensions such as functional support have a significant effect on increasing the subjective feeling of well-being, therefore, considering the importance of the subjective feeling of well-being, with regard to this dimension of social support, the level of health can be improved in students.
Keywords: support Social, health and wellness, students
Statement of the problem
Health [1] is a dynamic state based on which people continuously adapt themselves to changes in the internal and external environment (1). Various sciences and disciplines have explained health, among which nursing science has a special view on Ibn Maqoule.
Nursing metaparadigms provide the basic elements of nursing theories, in various nursing theories, the concept of health is one of the four main metaparadigms along with the concepts of human, environment and nurse. According to Klanger's philosophy, which is the basis of many nursing theories, health is defined as a spectrum whose two ends are death and absolute health, and the health of an individual or society is placed at a dynamic point of this spectrum. On the other hand, in the overall view of nursing care, health is affected by psychological, social, physical and spiritual dimensions, therefore, to achieve health, it is necessary to comprehensively consider all aspects of health (1). On the other hand, health has objective and subjective dimensions, which have received less attention. Farish[2] believes that the study of the subjective feeling of well-being of individuals and societies and its improvement is the biggest scientific challenge of mankind after the increase and progress in the field of technology, medicine and wealth(2).. Many researchers have emphasized the concept of mental well-being and consider the absence of mental illnesses and the presence of high levels of well-being as health (3). In fact, an important feature that a healthy person should have is the mental feeling of well-being (4). The mental feeling of well-being[3] is a general concept that results from a person's cognitive and emotional perception of the whole life. Mental well-being has two cognitive and emotional components. The cognitive dimension of well-being means the cognitive evaluation of people's level of satisfaction with life, and the emotional dimension means having maximum positive emotion and minimum negative emotion(5, 6). Positive emotion shows how much enthusiasm a person has for life and how much he feels effective and alert, high positive emotion indicates high energy, full concentration and enjoyable employment, while low positive emotion indicates sadness and depression. Negative affect shows a general dimension of inner discomfort and unpleasant occupation and includes unpleasant moods such as anger, hatred, disgust, guilt, fear and anger. Low negative emotion is associated with peace and comfort (7).
People with a high subjective sense of well-being experience more positive emotions and have a positive evaluation of the events and incidents around them and describe them as pleasant (8). These people have a higher sense of restraint and control and experience more success and life satisfaction (9). In addition, these people have a healthier immune system and higher creativity (10). While people with a low subjective sense of well-being evaluate events and situations in their lives as unfavorable (11).
Historical evidence as well as daily life experience indicate that the most prominent and major human desires are to achieve well-being[4] and happiness(12). The old model of development has focused heavily on economic well-being as a primary goal of development and neglects other aspects of life and society, which include mental aspects and feelings of well-being, and they used objective measurements to guide policy-making, but recently, the subjective feeling of well-being has become a challenge to measure the progress and development of public policies of countries and has attracted the attention of many researchers (13); Therefore, a detailed examination of the subjective feeling of well-being and the recognition of the main factors affecting it is an undeniable necessity.
Many factors such as hope, social anxiety and social support are related to the subjective feeling of well-being, and one of the factors closely related to the subjective feeling of well-being is social support. Different aspects of social support received are good predictors for the subjective feeling of well-being (14). Cobb[5] and Tweets[6] define social support as: understanding the availability of people who we feel care about us, making sure that there are people who can count on their help when needed, which makes us feel good (12, 15). Normally, social support has three dimensions: material dimension, informational dimension and emotional dimension. Instrumental support includes material resources such as food and money, informational support includes providing information or suggestions and enables a person to cope with problems and difficulties, finally, emotional support includes loving, caring and understanding the other party. Emotional support is the support that is provided by others to the individual and actually strengthens the feeling of being liked and the feeling of self-esteem in the individual, such as continuous support that includes all kinds of invisible cooperation between people (16, 17).
Social support affects the subjective feeling of well-being in two ways. The first method is the direct effect or the general effect of social support on the subjective feeling of well-being is that it affects life satisfaction, the second method includes the indirect effect or the mediating effect that protects people against negative effects in stressful situations (18, 19). have (20, 21). Sometimes the opposite results were also observed, for example, Bandura states that extreme social support can reduce people's coping capacities (22).