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The effect of massage on the occurrence of complications in premature babies admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit

Number of pages: 95 File Format: word File Code: 31965
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Paramedical
Tags/Keywords: Complications in premature babies - Gestational age - Low birth weight babies - massage - massage therapy - Newborn weight - premature baby - premature birth - Special care for newborns
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  • Summary of The effect of massage on the occurrence of complications in premature babies admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit

    Dissertation to receive a master's degree in neonatal special care nursing

    Context and purpose

    Iran is one of the regions with a high prevalence of premature birth, and almost 10% of births are premature babies. In addition to the initial costs of hospitalization and care for these babies, other negative consequences await him after being admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Considering that massage does not require special technology and is a non-invasive method that has healing properties and by reducing the length of hospitalization, it reduces complications, costs, capital, time and optimal use of beds in special departments, the researcher decided to help make massage a daily care for hospitalized babies in the near future. The study included 60 infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Qaim Hospital (AJ) with a gestational age of 28-37 weeks, who were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then they were divided into two groups of intervention (30 people) and control (30 people) by random allocation. The massage intervention with field technique was performed daily in the evening shift during 3 periods of fifteen minutes and in 3 consecutive shifts for 5 days.

    Results

    The average gestational age for the intervention and control group babies was 32.8 ± 1.78 and 32.1 ± 1.80 weeks, respectively. The average weight of the studied infants in the intervention and control groups was 1480 and 1421 grams, respectively. The result of the independent t-test indicates that the difference between the number of hospitalization days in the two groups is highly significant (p < 0.001). The result of chi-square test indicates that the incidence of apnea in the intervention group is significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.001). According to the independent t-test, massage has no effect on the weight gain of premature babies hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (p = 0.248). The chance of feeding intolerance in the control group is approximately 9 times that of the intervention group, and the result of the chi-square test indicates that this difference between the two groups is significant (p < 0.001).

    Discussion and Conclusion

    The results of this research regarding the effect of massage on the incidence of complications in hospitalized premature infants showed that massage is an effective method to reduce the incidence of complications. It is in a premature baby.

    Keywords: premature baby, massage

    Problem statement:

    According to the report of the World Health Organization in 2009, 3438 babies (5.7%) were born prematurely and the average number of days of hospitalization of premature babies (less than 32 weeks of pregnancy) was 35. It has been a day (58). In America, almost 12% of babies are born underweight, and 8% of babies born prematurely. The length of hospitalization of these babies lasted an average of 3 weeks and cost 1000 to 2500 dollars per day of hospitalization(1). A baby's age is an important determining factor for his chances of survival and natural growth and development (2). According to the definition of the World Health Organization[1], babies born earlier than 37 weeks from the last day of menstruation are considered premature. A growing percentage of deaths of children under 5 years of age occur in infancy. About 38% of deaths in this age group occur within the first month of life, and 28% of these cases are attributed to premature birth. Since the last two decades, the number of babies with low birth weight [2] has increased, mainly due to the increase in the number of premature births (3) and the rate of mortality and morbidity in the neonatal period is mainly affected by gestational age and to a lesser extent by birth weight (2). The global prevalence of premature birth is 9.6% and approximately 12.9 million babies per year, most of these births occur in Africa and Asia (58).

    In developed countries, low birth weight babies are less than third world countries, but most of these babies are premature.

    Iran is also one of the regions with high prevalence of premature birth, and almost 10% of births are premature babies (4). Due to the high costs of caring for these babies (5) and their many neurological and physiological problems (6), the post-natal care of these babies has been the focus of researchers for the past few decades, various ways have been tried to improve the living environment of premature babies or accelerate the development process of these babies (7). One of the important problems of premature babies is one of the main reasons for their hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit[4] is their low weight and respiratory and nutritional problems in them, and in many cases it leads to prolonged hospitalization and increased costs and problems caused by long-term hospitalization.

    Premature babies have many problems at birth. For example:

    Feeding a premature baby will start and continue slowly due to the lack of development of the digestive system.

    Problems such as lung immaturity, especially in babies who are born before the 32nd week of pregnancy (1).

    Besides the initial costs of hospitalization and baby care, there are other negative consequences. Hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit makes the baby wait. Among these cases, lower IQ [5] compared to peers, need for re-hospitalization, developmental delay and behavioral problems can be mentioned (9). Advances in medical science and nursing care have led to the survival of premature and small babies. However, in 43% of these babies, developmental delay occurs during the first year of life, and most of the concerns are directed towards this developmental delay (10).

    In general, the problems of premature babies can be divided into two groups: short-term problems and complications (hypothermia, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome, jaundice, infection[6], cerebral hemorrhage[7]) and long-term problems and complications (problems Vision and hearing, repeated hospitalization during childhood and developmental problems (8).

    A part of the baby's natural development depends on the emotional interaction between him and the mother, which connects them psychologically and physiologically. Balbi [8] considers attachment to be very important for healthy development and believes that attachment is an emotional bond between the baby and the person who cares for him The skin after birth causes a very strong attachment pattern to be achieved and this increases the mother's care of the child, so immediately after birth is called the feeling period and it is recommended that the contact between the parent and the baby occurs during this time. At this time, the baby is calm and alert and is able to respond to the parents (11).

    Touch is the first sensory system that develops and creates the initial connection between the infant and the caregivers. Touch is a powerful means of emotional exchange between parents and the infant. Touch is a useful sensory stimulation for premature babies. Touch or silent speech or non-verbal communication is a physiogical feeling that occurs as a result of receiving touch receptors in the skin and analyzing it in the brain (54).

    The conventional two forms of skin contact and touch in infants are maternal care, hugs and massage. Massage in babies creates a sense of security, increases physical growth and weight, improves blood circulation, optimal functioning of the nervous system, and reduces sleep disorders as well as behavioral disorders. The results of a research entitled "Effect of touch on arterial blood oxygen saturation percentage of newborns with respiratory distress syndrome" conducted by Nireh Baghchaghi (2015) showed that a significant increase in arterial blood oxygen saturation occurs as a result of an intervention such as infant massage(13). It should be mentioned that the results of the researches that investigated the effect of massage on other physiological parameters of premature babies also confirm the positive effects of massage therapy in babies (55). slightly to 10%. Besides the initial cost of inpatient care of these babies, other negative consequences of seeking admission to the NICU await him.

  • Contents & References of The effect of massage on the occurrence of complications in premature babies admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit

    List:

    Page

    Chapter One/Research Introduction

    Problem Expression. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

    Research objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

    Research hypothesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

    Definition of words. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

    Defaults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

    Chapter Two/ Information about research

    Conceptual framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

    Overview of studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

    Chapter 3/Research Plan

    Research Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

    Research Society. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42.

    Sample research.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

    Specifications of the research unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

    Research environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

    Sampling method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

    Sample size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

    Variables and how to control them. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

    Data collection tools and their specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

    Validity and reliability of the data collection tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

    Method of data collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

    Method of data analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

    Research limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

    Ethical considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

    Chapter Four/Research Findings

    Description of research units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

    The main findings of the research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

    Side findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

    Chapter Five/ Discussion and review of research findings

    Discussion and review of research findings. . . .  .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

    Final conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

    Using the results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

    Suggestions for future research. . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

     

    Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

     

    Source:

     

    National Center for Health Statistics (2000). Final Natality Data prepared by March of Dimes Perinatal Data Center, 2002.

    Ghazi Jahani B. In Translation: Williams Obstetrics. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Gilstrap L, Wenstrom KD. 2nd ed. Tehran: Golban; 2005:748.

    Kulkarnu A, Kaushik Js, Gupta P, Sharma H, Grawal R. Massage And Touch Therapy In Neonates. Indian Pediatrics 2010;47:771-775.

    Naseri M. Care of very low birth weight neonates. Scientific Society of Fertility & Infertility Scientists 2005;12:32-6.

    Field T, Diego M, Hernandez-Reif M. Massage therapy research. Development Review 2007; 27:75-89.

    John NI, Dieter JN, Field T, Hernandez-reif M, Eugene K, Emory. Stable preterm infant gain more weight and sleep less after five days of massage therapy. J Pediatr Psychol 2003; 28(6): 11-403.

    Sankaranarayanan K, Mondkar JA, Chauhan MM, Mascarenhas BM, Mainkar AR, Salvi RY. Oil massage in neonates: An open randomized controlled study of coconut versus mineral oil. Indian Pediatr 2005; 42(9):877-84.

    Field T, Hernandez-Reif M And Fredman J. Stimulation Programs For Preterm Infants. The society for research in child development 2004;18:1-19.

    Nachman, S., Navaie-Waliser, M., & Qureshi, M. (1997). Rehospitalization with respiratory syncytial virus after neonatal intensive care unit discharge: a 3-year follow-up. Pediatrics, 100, 6/e8.

    Whit-Traut R, Goldman M. Premature Infant Massage: is it Safe. Pediatric Nursing 1998; 14(4): 285-9. Psychology, 28, 403-411.

    http://www. simplypsychology. org/bowlby. html

    Field, T., Schanberg, S. M, Scafidi, F., Bauer, C. R., Vega-Lahr, N., Garcia, R., Nystrom, J., & Kuhn, C. M. (1986). Tactile/kinesthetic stimulation effects on preterm neonates. Pediatrics, 77, 654-658.

    Baghcheghi, N. (1385). Effect of touch on neonates Spo2 with RDS. Arak 17, 33-37.

    Osborn DA, Henderson-Smart DJ. (2002). Kinesthetic stimulation versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants. Cochrane Library, 2, 217-220.

    Kadivar M, Heidarzadeh M, Kangaroo Method Care. Mother milk 1387,35(9),20-22

    Modercin-Talbott MA, Harrison LL, Groer MW, Yanger MS. The Biobehavioral Effects of Gentle Human Touch on Preterm Infants. Nurs Sci Q. 2003; 16(1): 60-67 Boxwell G. Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, First Ed. London and New York. Routledge. 2000; Pp: 189-201

    Arora J, Kumar A, Ramji S. Effect of oil massage on growth and neurobehavior in very low birth weight preterm neonates: Indian Pediatr 2005; 42(11):1092-100.           

    Field T. Preterm infant massage therapy studies: an American approach. Semin Neonatal 2002; 7(6):487-94.

    Acolet D, Modi N, Giannakoulopoulos X, Bond C, Weg W, Clow A, et al. Changes in plasma cortisol and catecholamine concentrations in response to massage in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child 1993; 68:29-31.

    Kelmanson IA, Adulas EI, Massage therapy and sleep behavior in infants born with low birth weight. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 2006,12(3):200-205

    Safdarian F, Hosseini AR.

The effect of massage on the occurrence of complications in premature babies admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit
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