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  3. Investigating the relationship between Internet and mobile phone addiction and the feeling of loneliness among high school students in Rasht city in the academic year 2013-2014.

Investigating the relationship between Internet and mobile phone addiction and the feeling of loneliness among high school students in Rasht city in the academic year 2013-2014.

Number of pages: 103 File Format: word File Code: 31942
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Paramedical
Tags/Keywords: Cell phone addiction - COS - feeling lonely - Internet addiction - Internet addiction - mental health - mobile phone - Social harm - Students
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  • Summary of Investigating the relationship between Internet and mobile phone addiction and the feeling of loneliness among high school students in Rasht city in the academic year 2013-2014.

    Dissertation

    To obtain a master's degree in nursing education

    (community health orientation)

    Abstract:

    Introduction: Assessing the mental health of students is one of the important axes of promoting mental health in societies. One of the challenges of mental health in adolescence is the feeling of loneliness, which may occur as a result of internet addiction or cell phone addiction.

    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between internet and cell phone addiction and the feeling of loneliness among high school students in Rasht city in the academic year 2013-2013. The research samples included 568 male and female students studying in public and private high schools in Rasht in the academic year of 1992-1993. Their classes were selected by cluster sampling method, and to collect data, background characteristics questionnaire, Young Internet Addiction Scale, Cell Phone Excessive Use Scale (COS) and UCLA Loneliness Scale were used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kolmogorov Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, Spearman correlation coefficient and linear logistic regression. Findings: The results of the study indicate that 37.5% of the samples have mild addiction and 8.8% severe addiction to the Internet, 77.6% of users Average and 17.7% are excessive users of mobile phones and 16.9% scored higher than the average score of loneliness instrument. By adjusting the effects of individual social variables, both the main variables of the research, Internet addiction (P=0.009) and cell phone addiction (P=0.001) were considered as significant predictors of loneliness in the final model.

    Conclusion: Considering the positive correlation of loneliness with Internet and cell phone addiction in high school students, it is necessary to have educational programs for the correct use of new technologies and familiarization with the consequences of their excessive use. To be designed and organized for teenagers and their families.

    Statement of the problem:
    Adolescence is an important period of a person's life, because many beliefs and health habits are formed in these years. We are well aware that efforts to improve health must be made very early and before unhygienic beliefs and habits emerge (1). Human change and transformation in this important period is considered very important in physical and psychological aspects (2). At this stage, mental, physical and social maturity occurs. Addressing the health of adolescents will be beneficial not only for them, but also for the family, society and the future generation (3). Our country is a young country, and more than half of its population is under 18 years old, and among them, the population of teenagers aged 15-19 is 6,607,043 in the whole country and 202,829 in Gilan province, who are potential capitals and future caretakers of the society (4-6). It is obvious that the future of any country depends on the health of children and adolescents. Meanwhile, about a fifth of children and adolescents in the world suffer from mild to severe mental disorders (7). Nowadays, evaluating the mental health of students is one of the important axes of improving the mental health of the society. For many reasons, organizing mental health services in schools is a basic strategy for improving the mental health of students and ultimately the entire society. Since adolescence is one of the most critical periods of life and students are faced with the stressors of adolescence, it is likely that they are prone to emotional problems (8). 
    The feeling of loneliness is a common experience in teenagers, but when this feeling happens repeatedly, it has destructive effects on their physical, mental and emotional health. The feeling of loneliness is the distance and gap between a person's ideals (what he wants) and his achievements (what he has achieved) in interpersonal relationships and intimacies; The greater the distance, the greater the feeling. Adolescents who feel more lonely are more depressed and have more emotional problems and lower life satisfaction.Loneliness increases tension and anxiety, high-risk behaviors such as smoking and drug abuse, skipping school, depression, shyness and self-confidence, and increases the risk of suicide in teenagers (9). A feeling of loneliness may occur as a result of Internet addiction, that is, those who become addicted to the Internet experience negative consequences such as loneliness and isolation, and there may be a vicious cycle and a two-way relationship, that is, lonely people turn to the Internet to reduce their loneliness, and as a result, their loneliness increases. Although one of the important uses of the Internet is its social use; But due to the fact that internet relationships are less rich than face-to-face relationships, in the end, excessive use of the internet makes people lonelier. A person's belief that the Internet is his only special and intimate friend; It increases his interest in virtual friends and decreases his tendency to real friends, resulting in depression and social isolation (10). Titsika et al stated that Internet addiction among adolescents is related to problematic family relationships, poor academic performance, high-risk behaviors, emotional problems, and some psychological conditions such as depression (11). Wang et al stated that harmful use of the Internet is common among high school students, and academic tensions, having virtual friends, family arguments, and poor relationships with teachers and students are risk factors for harmful use of the Internet (12). While the relationships of people, especially children and teenagers, increase in the virtual world, on the other hand, the scope of their relationships in the real world decreases. At the same time, there is also the possibility of harming their educational performance (10). In the research of Yao and his colleagues, it was found that excessive and unhealthy use of the Internet increases the feeling of loneliness over time (13). The results of the studies of Zarbakhsh Bahri and his colleagues, Sawari et al. and Hassanzadeh et al. show that there is a significant positive relationship between loneliness and Internet addiction (16-14); While Odasi and his colleagues did not find a significant relationship between the harmful use of the Internet and loneliness (17). 
    Shoaibi, citing Goldberg, a prominent American psychiatrist, believes that Internet addiction is a pathological and obsessive use of the Internet, the most important indicator of which is a person's withdrawal from others (18). Professionals in the field of pathology provide the narrowest definition for the classification of Internet use. According to their classification, if a person uses the Internet 2 to 3 hours a week, he is a normal user, and if his use of the Internet reaches 5.8 hours or more a week, he is a user who should be examined pathologically (19). Different societies, including Iran, cannot be free from the effects of new injuries, especially new addictions (20). This is despite the fact that access to the Internet is a growing phenomenon, and more and more people are among Internet users every day (21). Currently, about 694 million people over the age of 15 in the world use the Internet, which is 14% of all people over the age of 15. According to a survey conducted by Yount Online Institute, 75% of young people between the ages of 16 and 24 feel that they cannot live without the Internet (18). In addition, the use of the Internet has grown rapidly in Iran and its users are increasing day by day. According to statistics, the number of Iranian Internet users in 2006 was 11 million people, which reached 33 million and 200 thousand people in 2010, thus ranking first in the Middle East countries (22). The prevalence of harmful use of virtual space in Iran has been reported between 3.8 and 86%. The prevalence rate of harmful use of virtual space in the world is estimated to range from 6% to 80% (23).
    Among other new social harms is the excessive use of mobile phones. Dependence on mobile phones in young people and using it as a communication tool can have destructive effects on the personality of teenagers (24). Harmful use of mobile phones is a condition characterized by excessive use and mental preoccupation with mobile phones (25).

  • Contents & References of Investigating the relationship between Internet and mobile phone addiction and the feeling of loneliness among high school students in Rasht city in the academic year 2013-2014.

    List:

    Chapter One: Generalities

    Research field.  4-1

    Research objectives (general objective and special objectives).    5

    Research questions.    6

    Definition of words.   7

    Presuppositions of the research.   9

    Research limitations.   9

    Chapter Two: Context and background of the research

    2-1 Research framework. 10-24

    2-2 An overview of the conducted studies.  25-32

    Chapter three: research implementation method

    3-1 Type of research.    33

    3-2 Research environment.    33

    3-3 Research community.    33

    3-4 examples of research.    33

    3-5 Sampling method and determination of sample volume.    33

    6-3 Characteristics of the research units.    34

    3-7 Data collection tool.    35

    3-8 Determining the validity and scientific reliability of data collection tools.    36

    3-9 Data collection method.    37

    3-10 Data analysis method and statistical methods.    38

    3-11 Ethical considerations.   39

    Chapter Four: Research Results

    4-1 Research findings.   40

    4-2 Tables and graphs. 83-42

    Chapter five: discussion and review of findings

    1-5 Discussion and interpretation of research results. 84-104

    2-5 Final conclusion.  108-105

    3-5 Application of findings.   109

    5-5 Suggestions based on the findings.   110

    4-5 suggestions for future research.   111

    Resources .. 112

    List of sources

    Appendices

    English abstract

    Source:

    References:

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    2. Najafi M, Ahadi H, Delavar A. The Relationship between Family Function and Religiosity with Identity Crisis. Daneshvar Raftar. 2006;13(16): 26-17. [text in Persian]

    3. Ildarabadi E, Dabaghi ??F. Textbook of Community Health Nursing 1,2,3. Tehran: Jameenegar; 2012. [text in Persian]

    4. Riasi HR, Mogharrab M, Salehi Abarqui M, Hassanzadeh Taheri E, Hassanzadeh Taheri MM. A comparative study of depression in gifted and normal students in Birjand city during 2008-2009 school year. 2. 20129(2):95-103. [text in Persian]

    5. Guilan, Rasht 2012. Available from: http://amar.gilan.ir/web/guest;jsessionid=90cda1ee15f12f96598346370a14.

    6. Available from: http://www.amar.org.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=1232.

    7. Solhi M, Sadeghi A, Ruodbari M. The effect of group discussion education on mental health preventive behaviors in adolescent school girls. Journal of Research & Health. 2012; 2(2): 56-247. [text in Persian]

    8. Sadeghian E, Kosha MM, Gorji S. The Study of Mental Health Status in High School Female Students in Hamadan City. Scientific journal of Hamadan university of medical sciences and health services. 2010;17(3):39-45. [text in Persian]

    9. Tajvidi M, Zeighami Mohammadi S. The level of loneliness, hopelessness and self-esteem in major thalassemia adolescents. blood 2012;9(1):43-36. [text in Persian]

    10. Mohseni Tabrizi A, Hoveyda L, Omidi F. Deep Involving on Cyber ??Space and Personal and Psychological Consequences: Survey of Young Severs in Tehran City. Journal of social sciences. 2010;4(3):69-51. [text in Persian]

    11. Tsitsika A, Critselis E, Louizou A, Janikian M, Freskou A, Marangou E, et al. Determinants of Internet addiction among adolescents: a case-control study. The Scientific World Journal. 2011;11:866-74.

    12. Wang H, Zhou X, Lu C, Wu J, Deng X, Hong L. Problematic internet use in high school students in Guangdong province, China. PloS one. 2011;6(5):e19660.

    13. Yao MZ, Zhong Z-j. Loneliness, social contacts and Internet addiction: A cross-lagged panel study. Computers in Human Behavior. 2014;30:164-170.

    14. Zarbakhsh Bahri M, Rashedi V, Khademi M. Loneliness and Internet addiction in students. Journal of Health Promotion Management. 2013; 2(1): 32-38. [text in[text in Persian]

    15. Savari k, Beshlideh k. The relationship between shyness and loneliness with Internet addiction. Journal of psychological outcomes. 2010;4(1):119-122. [text in Persian]

    16. Hasanzadeh R, Salehi M, Rezaei Kiyasari A. Relationship between the use of extreme from technology (internet and sms addiction) and educational and psychological state of high school students. Journal of educational psychology. 2010;1(3): 69-81. [text in Persian]

    17. Odac? H, Celik CB. Who are problematic internet users? An investigation of the correlations between problematic internet use and shyness, loneliness, narcissism, aggression and self-perception. Computers in Human Behavior. 2013;29(6):2382-7.

    18. Shoeibi F. Internet Addiction. Iran: Green E-book 2013. [text in Persian]

    19. Malekahmadi H, Jafarian A. Internet addiction pathology (case study: Shahinshahr city). Historical Sociology. 2012;3(2):93-116. [text in Persian]

    20. T FM. Disorder of internet addiction. PSI. 2007 (1):26-31.

    21. Alavi S, Eslami M, Maracy M, Najafi M, Jannatifard F, Rezapour H. Psychometric properties of young internet addiction test. Journal of behavioral sciences (JBS). 2010;4(3):183-9. [text in Persian]

    22. Ghasemi V, Malekahmadi H. Assess Internet addiction among users of Shaheen Shahr Cafes. Quarterly Communication Research. 2010;17(4):51-77. [text in Persian]

    23. Masoudnia E. Problematic cyberspace use and risk of depression disorder among adolescents in Yazd. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology. 2013;8(4):15-25. [text in Persian]

    24. Khazaie T, Saadatjoo A, Dormohamadi S, Soleimani M, Toosinia M, Mullah Hassan Zadeh F. Prevalence of mobile dependency and adolescent aggression. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2013;19(4):8-430. [text in Persian]

    25. Jenaro C, Flores N, G?mez-Vela M, Gonz?lez-Gil F, Caballo C. Problematic internet and cell-phone use: Psychological, behavioral, and health correlates. Addiction research & theory. 2007;15(3):20-309.

    26. Yaseminejad P, Golmohammadian M, Yoosefi N. The Study of the Relationship Between Cell-phone Use and General Health in Students. Knowledge. 2012;13(1):60-72. [text in Persian]

    27. Ezoe S, Toda M. Relationships of loneliness and mobile phone dependence with Internet addiction in Japanese medical students. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2013;3(6):407-12.

    28. Naderi F, Haghshenas F. the relationship between impulsivity, loneliness and the mobile phone usage rate in mail and female students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University. new findings in psychology. 2009;4(12):111-21. [text in Persian]

    29. Manteghi M. Studying the Use of Mobile Phone by Female and Male Students. information and communication technology in educational sciences. 2011;1(2):95-128. [text in Persian]

    30. Baghianimoghadam MH, Shahbazi H, Boroojeni DM, Baghianimoghadam B. Attitude and Usage of Mobile Phone among Students in Yazd University of Medical Science. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2013;15(8):4-752. [text in Persian]

    31. Golmohammadian M, Yyaseminejad P. Normalization, validity and reliability of cell-phone over-use scale (COS) among university students. New findings in psychology. 2011;6(19):37-52. [text in Persian]

    32. Thomée S, H?renstam A, Hagberg M. Mobile phone use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults-a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):66-77.

    33. S?nchez-Mart?nez M, Otero A. Factors associated with cell phone use in adolescents in the community of Madrid (Spain). CyberPsychology & Behavior. 2009;12(2):131-7.

    34. Dargahi H, Razavi S. Internet addiction and its related factors: a study of an Iranian population. Payesh. 2007;6(3):265-72. [text in Persian]

    35. Hasanzadeh R. Internet Addiction in Students: Threat factor for mental health.

Investigating the relationship between Internet and mobile phone addiction and the feeling of loneliness among high school students in Rasht city in the academic year 2013-2014.
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