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  3. Investigating the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux and risk factors affecting it in Qom city

Investigating the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux and risk factors affecting it in Qom city

Number of pages: 75 File Format: word File Code: 31937
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Medical Sciences
Tags/Keywords: Chronic reflux - Diseases of the digestive system - Esophageal peptic stricture - Gastric reflux - Gastroesophageal reflux - heartburn - Mary Barrett - Reflux
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  • Summary of Investigating the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux and risk factors affecting it in Qom city

    Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine (MD)

    Abstract:

    Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system. Epidemiological studies show that the prevalence of this disease is very high in Iran.

    Previous studies show a prevalence of 9-12%.

    Studies about the factors influencing the occurrence of this disease in Iran are very few. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of this disease and its risk factors in the city of Qom.

    Materials and methods:

    The study is a cross-sectional analysis that was conducted in the form of a survey (Population Based Study) on 430 citizens living in Qom.

    Sampling was done in girls' primary schools in different parts of Qom province. And the number of 116 urban clusters was determined. The sample collection was done by ten groups including two trained people, in such a way that the questionnaire was given to one of the members of the families whose residence was determined around the schools randomly.

    Results: 22.6% (97 people) were male and 77.4% (333 people) were female.

    Conclusion: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in Qom city is higher than previous studies. The cause of which can be seen as the society's diet is closer to the style of western societies. There is a relationship between reflux and the type of food consumed, and it is recommended that people in the society consume less fatty, sour and spicy foods.

    People who have anxiety and depression are more prone to this problem.

    It can be prevented by informing people about the prevention of this disease.

    Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux, heartburn, Qom city

    Problem:

    Gastric reflux is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system. Epidemiological studies show that the prevalence of this disease is very high in Iran. In previous studies, its prevalence was estimated at 9% (1) among Tehran University students, 11.3% (2) among blood donors at the Tehran Blood Transfusion Center, and 12.3% in the Kavos Dome study (3). In epidemiological studies, the prevalence of reflux in Asian countries has been reported as 5% and in Western countries as 10-20% (4). In some published studies, the prevalence of this disease in western countries has been reported up to 40% (5). This disease imposes a heavy financial burden on the health systems of the countries. In the United States of America, the cost of antacid drugs is approximately 6 billion dollars per year, and 10 billion dollars are the direct and indirect costs of this disease (6). Stenosis occurs in 7 to 23% of patients with untreated esophagitis, especially in elderly men. (7) Barrett's esophagus is one of the complications of chronic reflux. These patients have often had severe reflux with chronic symptoms for more than 10 years. (8)

    Severe bleeding and esophageal rupture are rare complications of esophagitis caused by reflux and may occur in cases of deep ulcers or severe esophagitis. (9) Bleeding has been reported in 7% to 18% of patients (10)

    This disease is related to a dangerous complication such as esophageal adenocarcinoma, which is increasing, and its risk factors need to be carefully investigated. There is no universal agreement about the risk factors of this disease and different studies have had contradictory results. There are very few studies on the risk factors of this disease in Iran (3).The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of this disease and its risk factors in the city of Qom. style="direction: rtl;"> 

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Research objectives:

    Determining the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in Qom city based on age

    Determining the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in Qom city based on gender

    Determining the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in Qom city based on weight

    Determining the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in Qom based on BMI

    Determining the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in Qom based on marital status

    Determining and comparing the prevalence of asthma in two groups with reflux and the healthy group

    Determining and comparing the prevalence of sinusitis in two groups with reflux and the healthy group In the city of Qom

    Determining and comparing the prevalence of persistent sore throat in two groups with reflux and a healthy group in Qom

    Determining and comparing the prevalence of tooth decay in two groups with reflux and a healthy group in Qom

    Determining and comparing the prevalence of anxiety diagnosed in two groups with reflux and a healthy group in the city Qom

    Determining and comparing the prevalence of depression diagnosed in two groups with reflux and a healthy group in Qom city

    Determining and comparing the amount of NSAID medication consumption in two groups with reflux and a healthy group in Qom city

    Determining and comparing the amount of physical activity in two groups with reflux and a healthy group in Qom city

    Determination and comparison of eating habits in two groups with reflux and a healthy group in Qom

    Determination and comparison of smoking in two groups with reflux and a healthy group in Qom

    Determination and comparison of tea consumption in two groups with reflux and a healthy group in Qom

    Determination and comparison of coffee consumption in two groups with reflux and a healthy group in the city of Qom

    Determination and comparison of alcohol consumption in two groups with reflux and a healthy group in the city of Qom

    Determining the prevalence of difficulty in swallowing in patients with gastroesophageal reflux in the city of Qom

    Determining the prevalence of feeling of presence Lump in the throat in patients with gastroesophageal reflux in Qom city

    Determining the prevalence of excessive salivation in patients with gastroesophageal reflux in Qom

    Determining the prevalence of chronic cough in patients with gastroesophageal reflux in Qom city

    Determining the prevalence of chest pain without a history of heart disease in reflux patients Stomach to esophagus in Qom city

     

    Evaluation of Gerd prevalence and risk factors in Qom city

     

    Zohre Sadat hosseini

    Background: GERD is the most common disease in GI system. Epidemiologic studies determine that the prevalence of GERD in Iran is very high. Studies about predisposing factors of this disease are very low.

    We planned this study to determine the prevalence of GERD and risk factors in the general population of Qom, central Iran.

    Material and method: the present study is a cross-sectional study. A total of 430 samples were collected from homes around 116 urban clusters of elementary girls' schools in Qom.

  • Contents & References of Investigating the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux and risk factors affecting it in Qom city

    List:

    Chapter one: Introduction of the research..13

    Statement of the problem..14

    Research objectives. 16

    Research questions and assumptions. 17

    Limitations of the research.

    Part I: conceptual framework

    Gastroesophageal reflux disease. 20

    Clinical manifestations. 22

    Effective processes in causing the disease. 23

    Risk factors for reflux. 26

    Symptoms of reflux disease. 27

    Diagnosis..29

    Treatment..33

    Part Two: An overview of the conducted studies

    Internal studies.38

    External studies.42

    Chapter three: Materials and methods.45

    Chapter four: Results.48

    Chapter five: Discussion.64

    Chapter six: Conclusions and suggestions.68

    Sources..70

    English abstract.

    Source:

    Dr. Sosan Mahmoudi, Dr. Akram Pourshams, Dr. Mohammad Reza Akbari, Dr. Reza Malekzadeh. "Abundance of substances that stimulate receptiveness and health perception in students of Tehran University in 1980" Gastroenterology, 2013; Eighth year: 159-62 "Indigestion, gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome in blood donors" Gastroenterology, 2012; 8th year: 138-46

    3. Al Taha Najmeh, Pourshams Akram, Nurai Seyyed Mehdi, Fazel Tabar, Malik Shah Akbar, Malik Zadeh Reza. Gastroesophageal reflux in Gonbad Kavus city: prevalence and risk factors. Scientific Journal of Medical Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Summer 2019; 28(2):176-183.

     

    Dent J, El-Serag HB, Wallander AM, Johansson S. Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review" Gut 2005 May; 54 (5): 710-70.

    Heading RC. "Prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in the general population: A systematic review". Scand J Gastroenterol 1999; 231 (Suppl): 3-8.

    SandlerRS, Donowitz M, et al. "The burden of selected digestive diseases in the United States".

    7. 1999. 8. Lieberman DA, Oeklke M, Helfand M, and the GORGE Consortium: Risk factors for Barrett's esophagus in community based practice. Am J Gastroenterol 92:1293, 1997. 9. Higuchi D, Sagawa C, Shab SH, et al: Etiology, treatment and outcome of esophageal ulcers in an urban setting. emergency hospital. J GastrointestSurg 7:836, 2003.

    10. El-Serag HB, Sonnenberg A: Association of esophagitis and esophageal strictures with diseases treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Am J Gastroenterol 92:52, 1997. 11. Andreoli and carpenter: Cecil essentials of medicine, 8 th ed, 2010, chapter 36, page 515 12. Dent J; El-Serag HB; Wallander AM; Johansson S. "Epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review" Gut 2005 May; 54 (5): 710-70. 13. Stanghellini V: Three-month prevalence rates of gastrointestinal symptoms and the influence of demographic factors. Results from the Domestic/International Gastroenterology Surveillance Study (DIGEST). Scand J Gastroenterol 34(Suppl 231):20, 1994.

    14. Spechler SJ: Epidemiology and natural history of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Digestion 51(Suppl 1):24, 1992.

    15.Johnson DA, Fennerty MB: Heartburn severity underestimates erosive esophagitis severity in elderly patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 126:660, 2004.

    16.Collen MJ, Abdulian JD, Chen YK: Gastroesophageal disease in the elderly: More severe disease that requires aggressive therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 90:1053, 1995.

    17. El-Serag HB, Petersen NJ, Carter J, Graham DY, Richardson P, Genta RM, Rabeneck L. "Gastroesophageal reflux among different racial groups in the United States". Gastroenterology. 2004 June; 126(7); 1692-9.

    18. Goh KL, Chang CS, Fock KM, et al: Gastroesophageal reflux disease in Asia. JJ GastroenterolHepatol 15:230, 2000.

    19.Richter JE, Falk GW, Vaezi MF: Helicobacter pylori and gastroesophageal reflux disease: The bug may not be all bad. Am J Gastroenterol 93:1800, 1998.

    20. Romero Y, Cameron AJ, Locke GR, et al: Familial aggregation of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 113:1149, 1997.

    21. Orenstein R, Shalaby TM, Barmada M, Whitcomb DC: Genetics of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A review. J PediatrGastroenterolNutr 34:506, 2002.

    22.Hu FZ, Preston RA, Post JC, et al: Mapping of a gene for severe pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease to chromosome 13q14. JAMA 284:325, 2000. 23. Carlsson R, Dent J, Bolling-Sternevold E, et al: The usefulness of a structured questionnaire in the assessment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 33:1023, 1998.

    24.Klauser AG, Schindlebeck NE, Muller-Lissner SA: Symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Lancet 335:205, 1990.

    25. Jacob P, Kahrilas PJ, Vanagunos A: Peristaltic dysfunction associated with non-obstructive dysphagia in reflux disease. Dig Dis Sci 35:939, 1990.

    26. Brzana RJ, Koch KL: Gastroesophageal reflux disease presenting with intractable nausea. Ann Intern Med 126:704, 1997.

    27. Johnson DA, Winters C, Spurling TJ, et al: Esophageal acid sensitivity in Barrett's esophagus. J ClinGastroenterol 9:23, 1987.

    28. Extraesophageal presentations of gastroesophagea; Reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 25(Suppl):51, 2000.

    29. Lazarchik DA, Filler SJ: Dental erosion: Predominant oral lesion in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 95:533, 2000.

    30. P. Farsi, A. Pourshams "Determining the risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in residents of Gonbad Kavos city in 2013. Dissertation of a doctor specializing in gastroenterology and liver

    31. Schofied PM, Bennett DH, Whorewell PJ, et al: Exertionalgastroesophageal reflux: A mechanism for symptoms in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms. BMJ 294:1459, 1987.

    32. Richter JE: Approach to the patient with non-cardiac chest pain. In Yamada T (ed): Textbook of Gastroenterology, 1995, p 648. 33. Irwin RS, Curley FJ: Contributing factors and outcome of a systematic protocol. 1993

    34. Koufman JA: The otolaryngologic manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A clinical investigation of 225 patients using ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring and an experimental investigation of the role of acid and pepsin in the development of laryngeal injury.

    35. Wong RKH, Hanson DG, Shaw G: ENT manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Gastroenterol 95:515, 2000.

    36. Aletaha N, Pourshams A, Nouarie M, FazelTabar A “Gastroesophageal reflux disease in Iranian general population: the prevalence and risk factors.

    37. Thor KB, Hill RD, Mercer DD, Kozarek RD: Reappraisal of the flap valve mechanism in the gastroesophageal junction: A study of a new valvuloplasty procedure in cadavers. Acta ChirScand 153:25, 1987.

    38. Dodds WJ, Dent J, Hogan W, Arndorfer R: Effect of atropine on esophageal motor function in humans. Am J Physiol 241:G290, 1981.

    39. Dent J, Holloway RH, Toouli J, Dodds WJ: Mechanisms of lower esophageal sphincter incompetence in patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux. Gut 29:1020, 1988.

    40. Herwaarden MV, Samson M, Smout AJP: Excess gastroesophageal reflux in patients with hiatus hernia is caused by mechanisms other than transient LES relaxation. Gastroenterology 119:1439, 2000.

    41. Sontag SJ, Schnell TG, Miller TQ et al: The importance of hiatal hernia in reflux esophagitis compared with lower esophageal sphincter pressure or smoking. J Clin Gastroenterol 13:628, 1991.

Investigating the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux and risk factors affecting it in Qom city
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