Investigating the level of aggression in different types of attachment styles in high school teenagers in Rasht, 2013

Dissertation

To receive a nursing master's degree

(pediatric nursing orientation)

Abstract:

Introduction: attachment styles are an important factor in determining psychological injuries, especially aggression. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of aggression in various types of attachment styles in teenagers aged 14-18 years of secondary school in Rasht in the academic year of 1992-1993. Materials and methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted on 692 students aged 14-18 years old in the first grade of Tasom high schools in public and non-government schools of districts one and two of Rasht city in 2012. which were selected by cluster random sampling. Arnold and Mark Perry's aggression questionnaire and Hazan and Shaver's adult attachment style questionnaire were used to collect information. The data was analyzed using spss 21 software and with the help of descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression.

Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship (p<0.02) between attachment styles and aggression total score. These people with avoidant attachment style had the highest level of aggression with mean and standard deviation (18.39±74.75) and people with secure attachment had the lowest level of aggression with mean and standard deviation (15.82±69.51). Physical aggression had a significant relationship with attachment styles (p<0.05). And people with an avoidant attachment style with a mean and standard deviation of (6.36 ± 21.38) had the highest physical aggression score, and people with a secure attachment style with a mean and standard deviation of (6.05 ± 19.95) had the lowest score in this aspect of aggression. There was no significant relationship between gender, family income, field of study, number of brothers and sisters, parents' education level, and total aggression score.

field of research

       Adolescence is one of the most important, most sensitive age periods and the most vulnerable social groups (1) in this period, the need for emotional and emotional balance, especially the balance between emotions and intellect, understanding one's own existential value, self-awareness, choosing real goals in life, emotional independence from the family, maintaining one's mental and emotional balance against environmental stressors, establishing healthy relationships with Others, acquiring the necessary social skills in making friends, knowing a healthy and effective life and how to enjoy it, is one of the most important needs of teenagers (2) Hall [1] considers adolescence to be the fourth period of human growth and development, which is from the ages of 13 to 18-20 years of age (3) In this period, a person reaches maturity, seeks to discover his identity, and seeks independence and separation from childhood dependencies. In this stage, in addition to being faced with biological, cognitive and sexual development changes, the teenager must adapt to the rapidly changing expectations of parents, school, and peer groups (4). Adolescents are an important segment of the world's demographic pyramid, which constitute more than a fifth of the world's population, and 84% of them live in developing societies (5). In Iran, according to the statistical yearbook of 2012, there are about six million four hundred thousand people out of the total population of the country, and in Gilan province, 17.8% of the population are teenagers aged 15-19 years (6). Adolescence is one of the most important stages of human growth and development, whose developmental characteristics can be the cause of aggression[2], various behavioral disorders, delinquency and substance abuse(7)..

The impact of behavioral problems on academic and social performance, as well as the investigation of factors such as gender, personality, social, economic and cognitive factors in the occurrence of behavioral disorders, including aggressive behavior during adolescence, have been the attention of researchers (8). One of the common emotions among teenagers is anger [3], which results from the teenager's encounter with an obstacle that is placed on the path of his goal, and leads to aggression, which is a general reaction to failure. In general, teenagers in this period become sensitive, have strong emotions, following the feeling of uncertainty and tension, incompatibility and aggression are seen in them. Aggression in adolescence shows more visible and problematic effects. The most common and highest level of aggression occurs during adolescence and youth, which may manifest itself through verbal[4], physical[5], harassing others, destruction, harming objects or persons, and the like (9). The actions of the parents of those schools are faced. Aggressive teenagers usually do not have the power to control their behavior and violate the customs and morals of the society in which they live. In most cases, the parents and guardians of the schools get into conflict with them, and their actions sometimes cause harassment to the extent that they are expelled from school (10).

Today, aggression is a major global problem. It has been considered and the root of many crimes, disturbances, deviations and even wars, as well as its destructive [6] psychological [7] and physical [8] effects at the individual and social levels have been considered (11).  Researches have shown that aggressive teenagers are weak in managing anger and understanding the views of the other party (13). Compared to their non-aggressive peers, adolescents show more inappropriate and aggressive responses to social issues and choose very aggressive solutions to solve problems (14). Domestic and foreign studies reported the prevalence of aggression in children and adolescents to be different and from 8-20% (15, 16, 17). Failure to control aggression causes physical, social and psychological complications in adolescents. And it predicts the use of drugs and alcohol, smoking, low adaptation in school, expulsion from school, feeling helpless, social incompatibility, loneliness, disregard for the rights and wishes of others, stomach ulcer, blood pressure disorder and depression (18).

Psychologists believe that aggression disorder is the root of many psychological and behavioral problems of adolescents  If these behaviors occur, they can cause interpersonal problems, crimes, crimes, and violation of the rights of others, and if they are internalized, they can lead to all kinds of physical and mental problems. Researches have shown that aggressive behavior is related to physical diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and tension headaches, and also based on unofficial statistics, 70% of adolescent boys' crimes and 30% of girls' crimes are rooted in aggression (19,1). Biological and hereditary factors, environmental learning and cognitive processing on the one hand, and stimuli related to the individual himself on the other hand, as well as individual and biological factors (gender, age, personality type, hormones, etc.), environmental factors (failures, aggressive patterns, etc.), and economic-social causes are among the effective factors in the occurrence of aggression (17). Experts have considered the role of the educational environment and other external factors to be very involved in the occurrence of aggression and the learning of aggressive behaviors (7). Research has shown that some factors such as family conflicts, failure in marriage, lack of warm relationship with parents, insecure attachment, strict regulations and insufficient supervision, parental mental illnesses, increase the risk of behavioral problems and aggression in children and adolescents (20). There are normal and abnormal in children, and if ineffective styles are used in raising children, it can lead to many negative consequences, including behavioral problems in them.