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Investigating predictors of smoking based on the health belief pattern in male students of Gilan University of Medical Sciences in 2019

Number of pages: 90 File Format: word File Code: 31912
Year: 2011 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Health - Health
Tags/Keywords: cigarettes - Drugs - health - Health belief model - hygiene - quit smoking - smoking - Social deviations
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  • Summary of Investigating predictors of smoking based on the health belief pattern in male students of Gilan University of Medical Sciences in 2019

    Dissertation to receive a master's degree in nursing education

    (health orientation)

    Abstract:

    Introduction: Smoking is one of the important factors that threaten the health of people, especially young people. To have a correct understanding of the unhealthy behaviors of people in society (such as smoking), it is necessary to identify the factors that influence the occurrence of such behaviors. is By using the health belief model and determining the factors affecting smoking, it is possible to plan well to prevent the occurrence of this unhealthy behavior.

    The purpose of this study is to determine the status of smoking and its predictors based on the health belief model among male students of Gilan University of Medical Sciences.

    Materials and methods: In a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study of 222 students Different students of Gilan University of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified random sampling and were questioned with the help of a questionnaire. Using chi-square test and logistic regression, the relationship between independent and dependent variables was analyzed and the predictors of smoking based on the health belief pattern were determined. Results: The results of the study showed that 23% of the research units were smokers at the time of the research. 36% of the smoking students mentioned curiosity as the reason for their first cigarette. Regarding the predictors of smoking, the regression test Logistic showed that age (P=0.009 and B=0.12), mother's education (illiterate compared to middle school and high school P=0.012 and B=6.07, reading/writing/elementary compared to middle school and high school P=0.016 and B=3.32, university compared to middle school and high school P=0.000 and B=4.62) and the number of smoking friends (people with 1-2 smoking friends compared to people who Non-smokers (P=0.001 and B=2.81) and people with more than 3 smoking friends were the most predictive factors for smoking compared to people who do not like smoking (P=0.002 and B=1.21). Also, based on the health belief model, the most predictive dimensions of this model in the field of smoking were perceived obstacles (P=0.003 and B=0.78 and then perceived benefits, P=0.097 and B=-0.47).

    Conclusion: Since the research findings confirm that the two dimensions of obstacles and perceived benefits of the health belief model are better predictors in relation to smoking, which It seems that we should place more emphasis on these two dimensions in the design of smoking prevention and cessation training programs.

    Keywords: health belief pattern, smoking, medical science students

    Statement of the problem

    Health has a broad meaning and its definition is influenced by the level of awareness and perception of societies with different geographical and cultural conditions, while health is a dynamic process and its meaning will change over time. The oldest definition of health is not being sick. Pender (1996)
    says "all healthy people are not equally healthy". This sentence shows that the concept of health is not absolute and relative, and every person compares himself with his previous conditions or compares himself with others, and in different times and places, its meaning may be different (1). According to the latest definition of the World Health Organization, health is a multidimensional issue that includes physical, mental, social and spiritual health (2). In the last few decades, health has been expressed as a human right and a social goal (1). In this new perspective, health is considered as a basic human right, an integrated part of development and progress, and a universal social goal. It should be remembered that health is part of individual, national and international responsibilities and maintaining it is a major social investment, and to promote health, one should pay attention to all dimensions and aspects of individual health and the overall health of society (3)..

    As there is a very wide range of definitions related to health, many and diverse determinants affect the health of people in society, the most important of which include heredity, individual factors, social factors, environmental factors, people's lifestyle, health care system and services provided. Statistics show that 53% of the causes of death are related to lifestyle, 21% to environmental factors, 16% to hereditary factors, and 10% to the health care service delivery system(1).

    Today, health experts consider lifestyle as one of the most important factors affecting health, and the importance of an optimal lifestyle is so great that today a new branch of medical science called "lifestyle medicine" has emerged, which is used in prevention and control. It is a disease (1). It should be said that lifestyle is a combination of behavioral patterns and individual habits (such as eating habits, mobility and inactivity, healthy recreation, smoking and alcohol addiction, communication with other members of the society, etc.) and is influenced by many factors such as culture, race, religion, economic and social status, etc. is (4). Lifestyle includes many aspects of our life and affects our health. People's lifestyles are established in families and are learned through mutual relationships with parents, friends, sisters, brothers and people of the same age. Therefore, people's lifestyles are different from each other and are influenced by individual and social factors(5).

    In order to have a proper plan to maintain and improve the health of people in the society and promote a desirable lifestyle, we must first identify the risk factors that threaten health. Several studies have shown that the most important risk factors that threaten health are: improper diet, inactivity, little physical activity and smoking. These factors are the main causes of heart diseases, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, tooth decay, strokes and a number of cancers (6). Controlling risk factors in lifestyle and unhygienic habits such as improper diet, lack of exercise, smoking, alcohol and drug use can reduce premature deaths by almost 50% (7).

    Although health and well-being is an issue that should be considered among all strata and age groups of the society, but due to the determining role of young people as human capitals. In any society, their well-being should be the focus of attention (1). Because young people are exposed to a lot of mental stress and pressure and often worry about their future, they may choose healthy or unhealthy lifestyles at this stage of life (4). This period is the time when most changes happen in a person because people often acquire life habits and attitudes. Risk-taking is part of the development process of young people, but because they have little awareness of the consequences of risk, they face many problems (8). The report of the World Health Organization indicates that 70 percent of deaths occur due to behaviors that occurred in adolescence and could be corrected. Therefore, since young people, while being energetic and active, may not have a correct understanding of the value of health, therefore, focusing on their health and health needs increases the chances that future adults will have a healthy lifestyle (9).

    Smoking is one of the important factors that threaten the health of people, especially young people, and one of the public health priorities to reduce the prevalence of smoking is to prevent young people from becoming smokers. The argument for preventing smoking among young people is based on If you don't start smoking at a young age, you are less likely to become a smoker in the future. In other words, the younger you start smoking, the less likely you are to quit as an adult. Even the infrequent experience of smoking in youth dramatically increases the risk of smoking in adulthood. Therefore, to reduce the prevalence of smoking, it will be fruitful to focus prevention and control measures in this age group (10).

    Cigarette is a substance that is easily available to the public and has less social stigma than drugs. Therefore, people, especially young people, easily turn to smoking and become addicted to it as a result of continued use.

  • Contents & References of Investigating predictors of smoking based on the health belief pattern in male students of Gilan University of Medical Sciences in 2019

    List:

    Chapter One: Overview

    1-1 Research Background 1

    1-2 Research Objectives (general purpose and specific objectives) 9

    1-3 Research Questions 9

    1-4 Definitions Words 10 1-5 Research assumptions 11 1-6 Research limitations 12 Chapter Two: background and research background 1-2 Research framework 13

    2-2 Overview of the studies carried out 24

    Chapter three: Research implementation method

    3-1 Type of research 35

    3-2 Research community 35

    3-3 Examples of research 35

    3-4 Characteristics of the research units 35

    3-5 Sampling method and determination of sample size 35

    3-6 Research environment 36

    3-7 Information collection tools and methods 37

    3-8 Determining the validity and scientific trust of the tool Data collection 39 3-9 Data analysis method 40 3-11 Ethical considerations 41 Chapter 4: Research results 4-1 Research findings 42 4-2 Tables 43 Chapter Five: Discussion and Review of Findings 5-1 Discussion and Interpretation of Research Results 81 5-2 Final Conclusion 94 5-3 Application of Findings and Suggestions for Further Research 96

    List of references 98

    Appendices

    English abstract

    Source:

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    3- New Milani, M., Arshdi, F., Asadi Nougabi, A. Community health nursing 1, 2 and 3. Tehran: Andishe Rafi, 2016, third edition.

    4- Ilderabadi, A., Dabaghi, F. Textbook of community health nursing 1, 2 and 3. Tehran:Tehran: Jamianagar Publishing House, 1386, third edition. 5- Clau, M. The use of the term lifestyle medicines or lifestyle drugs. Pharmacy World & Science. 2004; 26(4): 193-200. 6- Harlem GB., World health organization reducing risk, promoting health. World Health Report.October2003:35-40

     

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    8- Black, J., Hawk, JH., Keene, AM. Medical surgery of nursing. Philadelphia; W.B. Saunders. 2003; P:5223.

     

    9- Ann, JASpradley, BW.Community health nursing.6thedition.Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams&Wilkins. 2005.

    10- Tyas, SL., Pederson, LL. Psychosocial factors related to adolescent smoking: a critical review of literature. Tobacco control. 1998; 7: 409-420. 11- Sohrabi, F. The issue of smoking in the mirror of research. Tehran: School Publishing House, 1382.

    12- Center of Disease Control and Prevention Smoking-attributable Mortality years of potential life lost, and productivity losses-United States. 2000-2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2008;57(45):1226-1228.

    13- Davodi, R., Azma, R. Report on healthy people until 2010. Mashhad: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 1384, first edition.

    14- Saimaa Salamat, West Azerbaijan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. Tehran: Tablor Publication, 1381, p: 73.

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    16- Sadock, B., Sadock, V. Synopsis of psychiatry. 20th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2007: 264-269.

    17- Nadafi, K. "21% of the country's men are smokers." Khorasan newspaper, 29 July 2018, news page.

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    29- Sharifi Rad, G., Hezaveh, M., Hassanzadeh, A., Daneshamoz, A. Investigating the effect of health education based on the health belief model on smoking prevention practices in first high school students. Scientific Research Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences, spring 2016, 10th year, number 1, pp: 79-85.

Investigating predictors of smoking based on the health belief pattern in male students of Gilan University of Medical Sciences in 2019
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