Contents & References of Photochemical degradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous solutions using ZnO nano photocatalyst contaminated with C, N, S
List:
Abstract: 1
Introduction: 2
General Chapter. 3
Unpure removal of photocatalytic degradation products. 4
Familiarity with a number of photocatalysts and destructive reactions. 5
1-2-1 TiO2 photocatalyst. 6
1-2-2 ZnO photocatalyst: 10
Chapter 2 describes symptoms and other studies in this field. 17
2-1 Introduction. 17
2-2 Color forming components. 19
2-3 characteristics of color constituents. 20
2-3-1-color pigments: 20
2-3-2-resins: (Resin) 20
2-3-3 solvents. 21
2-3-4 color additives. 21
2-5 Water Pollution 22
2-5-1 Pollution caused by dyes 23
2-5-2 Pollution caused by solvents 24
2-6 Nanotechnology in the water industry. 24
2-7 Investigating methods of wastewater purification using nanotechnology 26
2-7-1 Porous nanopolymers. 27
2-7-2 nanofilters 27
2-7-3 nanophotocatalysts 29
2-8 solvent purification methods. 31
2-9 basic laws of photochemistry. 32
2-9-1 molecular excitation and relaxation processes. 32
2-9-2 Excited electron carriers 34
2-9-3 Position of the band. 38
2-9-4 electron transfer process on the catalyst surface 39
2-10 different mechanisms of photocatalytic destruction. 40
2-10-1 oxidation of hydroxyl radicals. 42
2-10-2 Kolbe photochemical reaction. 44
2-11 Semiconductor nanomaterials with photocatalytic properties. 44
2-11-1 Quantum size effects (QSE) 1. 45
2-11-2 Effects of increasing solar surface area. 46
Chapter 3 Methods and materials used 15
3-1 Chemicals used 47
3-1-1 Pollutants used 47
3-1-2 Chemical compounds. 47
3-1-3 photocatalysts 47
3-2 devices used 48
3-2-1 ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (UV-Vis) 48
3-2-2 centrifuge 48
3-2-3 digital scale. 48
3-2-4 water distiller. 48
3-2-5 PH meter 48
3-2-6 photochemical reactor. 48
3-3 Software used 50
3-3-1 Minitab 15 software. 50
3-4 ZnO/C,N,S photocatalyst synthesis. 50
3-5 absorption spectrum and standard curve for the pollutant under investigation. 51
3-6 photocatalytic degradation experiments and investigation of different reaction conditions. 51
3-6-1 Checking the effect of catalyst type 52
3-6-2 Checking the effect of UV radiation. 52
3-6-3 Investigating the effect of oxidants on photocatalytic reactions. 53
3-6-4 Checking the effect of pH. 53
3-6-5 Investigating the effects of radiation time. 53
3-6-6 Investigating the effect of catalyst amounts 54
3-6-7 Investigating the effect of color concentration on photocatalytic degradation. 54
3-6-8 Investigating the effect of the rotation speed of the magnet. 54
3-6-9 Investigating the effects of mineral ions. 55
3-6-10 Kinetic studies. 55
3-6-11 Review of photocatalytic degradation experiments using the Taguchi method. 55
Chapter Four Results. 59
4-1 XRD, FE-SEM, XPS, EDX spectrum to ensure the synthesis of ZnO/C, N, S nanophotocatalyst. 59
4-1-1 XRD. 59
4-1-2 FE-SEM. 61
4-1-3 XPS. 61
4-1-4 EDX. 62
2-4 drawing of the standard curve for determining pollutant concentration 63
4-3 Results of inspection of photocatalytic dye degradation tests. 64
4-3-1 The results of the investigation of the photocatalytic ability of different photocatalysts in pollutant degradation 65
4-3-2 The results of the investigation of the effect of UV light in the degradation of paint. 66
4-3-3 The results of investigating the effect of depressants on photocatalytic degradation. 67
4-3-4 results of investigation of pH effect. 72
4-3-5 results of investigation of radiation time effect. 74
4-3-6 results of investigation of the effect of the presence and amount of catalyst 76
4-3-7 results of investigation of the effect of color concentration. 78
4-3-8 The results of investigating the effect of the rotation speed of the magnet. 80
4-3-9 results of investigation of mineral ions. 80
4-3-10 results of kinetic studies. 82
4-3-11 The results of investigating photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B using the Taguchi method. 85
Chapter five discussion and conclusion. 91
5-1 The general results of what was achieved in this project are summarized as follows: 91
5-2 Side research works. 92
References. 91
Abstract 105
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