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  3. Investigating the effects of microwaves on the essential oil and chemical composition of rosemary plant species

Investigating the effects of microwaves on the essential oil and chemical composition of rosemary plant species

Number of pages: 81 File Format: word File Code: 31835
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering
Tags/Keywords: Chromatography device - Electromagnetic waves - essential oil - essential oil extraction - Microwaves - Rosemary plant - Wave radiation
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  • Summary of Investigating the effects of microwaves on the essential oil and chemical composition of rosemary plant species

    Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of chemical engineering

    Abstract:

    One ??of the valuable medicinal plants is the rosemary plant with the scientific name Rosmarinus officinalis, which is hot and dry in nature, from the mint family, which is common in most parts of Iran and has many valuable properties, including antioxidant and antibacterial properties. and anti-diabetic. In this research, in order to investigate the effects of microwaves on the essence and chemical composition of the rosemary plant, the leaves of the species were collected and dried at one stage from five different points (two samples in the range of high voltage of electricity and one sample in the range of mobile waves and the other two samples outside the range of high voltage of electricity and mobile). Then, to check the chemical composition of the essential oils, a chromatography device connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) was used. The results showed that the main compounds in the plan mostly include alphapinene (16HC10), camphene, betapinene, octanone (C8H16O), betamyrcene, 1 and 8 cineole (C10H18O). Some of these compounds depend on geographical and environmental conditions such as weather, soil, fruiting rate, how old the plant is, fertilization and so on. And also, within the limits of the effect of these waves or without the effect of these waves, the percentage of these compounds increases or decreases, or in some of these places depending on the conditions and the effect of high pressure waves of electricity and BTS waves, or outside the range of these waves, these compounds can appear in different percentages in these places or not at all.

    1 Introduction:

    Researchers emphasize that exposure to wave radiation, It has subtle effects on human health and these effects depend on the wavelength of the radiation. Evidence shows that people who are exposed to electromagnetic waves more than others usually have more brain activity in the early stages of sleep than others and feel disturbed. Therefore, when we enjoy the convenience of using electrical appliances and mobile phones and do our daily work with them, we are simultaneously exposed to the negative effects of electromagnetic waves, but unfortunately, we all try to ignore the fact that the continuous and long-term use of electrical appliances causes damage to our bodies and easily ignore it. Scientific reports indicate that mobile phones are one of the main sources of electromagnetic waves, and scientists believe that the use of this communication device can have harmful effects on human health. Today, the advancement of technology, followed by the opening of new horizons for the 21st century man, on the one hand, and the improvement of the economic situation of people in different parts of the world, on the other hand, have caused different classes of people to use new tools for ease of work and increasing their well-being. It seems that the use of these tools, in addition to its benefits, brings losses for their users, among which we can mention the emission of electromagnetic waves from all kinds of mobile phones and electrical appliances such as microwaves, hair dryers, wireless systems, car engines, high voltage wires, all kinds of computers and many electrical appliances around us, which are always considered as a serious threat to human health and always expose us to ailments. Scientists' research on electric and magnetic phenomena and their dependence showed that electricity, magnetism and light are not separate from each other and are of the same kind, and light is a small part of it, and only the wavelength of their waves separates these phenomena. Two objects that have an electric charge exert force on each other. Under the influence of Newton's universal law of gravitation, Coulomb mathematically expressed the amount of force that charged bodies exert on each other, according to which this amount is proportional to the product of charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance. Electricity dates back to the famous observation of Thales 1 in 600 BC when Thales noticed that a rubbed piece of amber would pick up scraps of paper.On the other hand, the origin of the science of magnetism goes back to the observation of the fact that some stones (namely magnetite stones) naturally absorb iron. These two sciences were evolving in parallel until 1820. In 1820 Hans Christian ?rsted (1851-1777) observed that an electric current in a system could affect the needle of a magnetic compass. In this way, electromagnetism was proposed as a science. This new science was further developed by many researchers, the most important of whom was Michael Faraday. James Clerk Maxwell formulated the laws of electromagnetism as they are known today. These laws, which are called Maxwell's equations, have the same role in electromagnetism as the laws of motion and gravity in mechanics. [1]

    1-3- The range of electromagnetism:

    Since electromagnetism is a rtl;">1. Thales. , antibacterial and and two others outside pressure, electric and telephone) were collected and dried. then sampled by Clevenger apparatus (steam distillation) oil were taken. Then, to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils from the chromatograph connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) was used. Results showed that a large component of the plan includes Alfa-pinene(16HC10), camphene, Betapinene, Octanone(C8H16O), Beta-Myrsene, 1 and 8 cineole (C10H18O) is. Some, depending on geographical and environmental conditions such as climate, soil, discharge rates, are perennial plants, fertilizer and And also limit the effects of radio waves or no effect on the radiation levels of these compounds, more or less, or in some places, depending on the situation said and pulsed high voltage electrical waves BTS or outside the scope of the waves, these compounds can appear in different percentages in these places or not appear at all.

  • Contents & References of Investigating the effects of microwaves on the essential oil and chemical composition of rosemary plant species

    List:

    Abstract: 1

    The first chapter. 2

    1-1 Introduction: 3

    2-1- The pioneers of electromagnetic science: 4

    1-3- The scope of electromagnetics: 4

    1-4- The effects of microwave waves on the human body: 5

    1-5- The destructive effects of mobile phone waves on the human body: 5

    1-6- The tower Electromagnetic fields: 8

    1-7- Concept of electromagnetic field: 9

    1-8- Cables and cancer: 10

    1-9- Harms of waves: 11

    1-10- Biological effects of electromagnetic fields: 11

    1-11- Mechanism of biological effects of radio waves and microwaves: 12

    1-12- Some proven harms of waves. 12

    1-13- Direct and indirect effects of radio radiation on the human body: 13

    1-14- Impact on brain waves in animals: 14

    Chapter two. 16

    1-2) generalities and concepts. 17

    1-1-2-rosemary. 17

    2-1-2-medicinal plants. 20

    1-2-1-2 - Definition of terms and concepts: 21

    2-1-2-2 - Benefits of using medicinal plants: 21

    3-1-2- Review of studies conducted on rosemary plant: 22

    2-3-1-2- Review of studies conducted on the effects of microwaves on living organisms: 24

    3-2-3-1-2-Electromagnetic pollution from mobile antennas and its effect on wildlife: 24

    4-2-3-1-2-Effects of microwave radiation on gene expression in plants: 25

    2-2-Steps of research. 25

    2-3-Extraction methods: 28

    2-4-Essence: 29

    2-5-Essential extraction methods: 29

    2-6-Methods for separating and identifying components of essential oils. 38

    The third chapter. 46

    1-3 Extracting essential oils from the aerial parts of the rosemary plant through distillation with water (Clonger): 47

    3-2- Preparation of plant parts for distillation: 48

    3-3- Disadvantages of the water distillation method: 48

    3-4- Chemical changes of essential oils during distillation: 49

    3-5- Method The work of extracting essential oils with Cleunger: 49

    3-6- Extracting essential oils from the aerial part of rosemary plant with Cleunger device: 50

    3-7- Measuring the amount of lead in rosemary plant: 50

    Chapter four. 51

    4-1- Compounds. 52

    2-4-How to choose areas for rosemary plant collection and geographical conditions: 54

    4-3- Results of GC-MS spectra in May (spring): 56

    -4-4 Measurement and results of the amount of lead in rosemary plant: 76

    4-5- Discussion and conclusion: 77

    References: 85

    Source:

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    2. Samsam Shariat H. 1364. Natural medicinal plants. 363-446. Isfahan: Meshaal Publications. 3. Omid Beigi R. 1374. Approaches to production and processing of medicinal plants. First edition. Janbazan Foundation, 215 pages. R. L. Muriel T. S. 1371. Systematic identification of Eli. Translation by Mehran, first edition. Isfahan: University of Technology.

    6. Samsam Shariat H. 1371. Extraction and extraction of effective substances of medicinal plants and their identification and evaluation methods 49-63, 24-59. Isfahan: Mani Publications. Moghadam, Volume II. Tehran: Tehran University Press. 747. 8. Heydari M. Ameri F. Ghafari Novin M. Vaezi G. Karamti K. Rajaei F. 2016. Anti-androgenic effects of rosemary extract on male rat reproductive system. Journal of Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Volume 65. Special issue 3. 26-32.

    9. Ghanbari R. Qavami M. Safafar H. 2015. Investigating the antioxidant property of the methanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (Mountain Wreath) in the stability of canola oil. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. April 24-23. 1-9.

    10. Qanadi A. Karimzadeh Tavakli N. Darfash M. Ramzanlou P. The effect of a topical product prepared from essential oils of rosemary and lavender plants in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Zahedan Journal of Medical Sciences. 1-7.

    11. Whiten f. Akbari Z. Extract of H. Gh's home 2015. Comparison of quantity and quality of Rosa damascene Mill aromatic compounds obtained from different extraction methods. Scientific-Research Quarterly of Iranian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Volume 22, Number 24. Pages 365-351.

    12. Samsam Shariat H. 2016. Fariborz perfume - plants and natural medicines (medical vocabulary) treatment with plants. Second volume. First edition. Isfahan: Mashaal Publications.

    13. Silver A. Blue M.1373. Identification of aluminum compounds by spectroscopic method. Translated by M. Sadeghi. M. Saqian Fourth edition. Isfahan Publications. Pages 10-3 and 10-21. 14. Shafiei A. 1373. Chromatography and Spectroscopy. First edition. Tehran Publications.

    15. Forestry and Rangeland Research Institute. 1380. (Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Iran 9). Publication number 269.

    16. Kaherman A. 2013. Chromophytes of Iran (Plant systematics). Third volume. First edition. University Publishing Center of Tehran. Page 293-273.

    17. Zardadi M. 1380. Essential oil in Salvia Solarea plant and isolation and identification of its terpenoids by GC/MS and chromatography method. Ph.D. Thesis of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

    18. Ghasemi M. 1379. Fractionation and analysis of the essential oil of Salvia Limbata by column chromatography method. Ph.D. Thesis of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 19. Ahmadi L. 1380. Analysis and identification of the essential oil of Thymus transcaspicus plant by GC/MS method. Ph.D. Thesis of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 20. Mohammadi D. 1379. Isolation and identification of essential oils of two plant species, mountain tea and maribium by GC/MS method and isolation of plant terpenoids. Thesis of Ph.D. in Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

    21. Jalali Talab M. 1378. Isolation and identification of Stachys trinervis essential oils by GC/MS method. Ph.D. Thesis of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 22. Basirizadeh N. 1379. Essential oil analysis and separation of terpenoids of Shirazi thyme plant by GC/MS method. Ph.D. Thesis of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 23. Destorani M. 2016. Studying the essential oil of Satureja mutica plant (native of North Khorasan) by GC/MS method and trying to separate the main compounds by chromatography method. Master's thesis in Analytical Chemistry, Payam Noor University of Mashhad.

    24.Dudy.L.P.(1962).Encyclopedia American.Vol 19.pp.515, USA:Nall & company.

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    26.Peter.B.Kaufman, Leland.J, Cseke, Sara Worber. James, A.9 Duke Harry. L. Brielman. (1999). Natural products from plants. Pp.6, New York: CRC press.

    27.Harborn. J. B. (1998). Phytochemical. Methods. pp. 107-107, 122-125 London: chapman and Holl.

    28.Trease.G.E. Evans.W.C. (1980). Pharmacognosy.12ht ed.pp.430-431. London, Baillieve Tindall.

    29. Brikett. M. A. Campbell.C. A. (2000). The new roles for cisjasmone as in insect semiochemical and in plant defense. Proce. Natl. Acad. Sciu.S. A.Aug 1.97.(20381382).

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Investigating the effects of microwaves on the essential oil and chemical composition of rosemary plant species
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