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  3. Investigating the effect of cationic polymer compounds on hair using theoretical data and scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Investigating the effect of cationic polymer compounds on hair using theoretical data and scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Number of pages: 82 File Format: word File Code: 31834
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering
Tags/Keywords: air conditioner - Cationic polymer compounds - Damaged hair cuticle - Hair care products - Hair cuticle - Polyquaternium - Scanning electron microscope - SEM - shampoo - strand of hair
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  • Summary of Investigating the effect of cationic polymer compounds on hair using theoretical data and scanning electron microscope (SEM)

    Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree (M.Sc)

    Organic chemistry orientation

    Dissertation abstract (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and obtained results):

    Investigation of the effect of cationic polymer compounds in hair care products including shampoo and conditioner on hair strands Especially its effect on the hair cuticle.

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic and care effects of polyquaternium 10 on the hair strand, and according to the tests performed on the hair strand and finally observing the results using a scanning electron microscope and analyzing the results based on one-way analysis of variance, it was confirmed that this substance has the ability to repair the damaged hair cuticle and this action according to the charge difference with the hair strand It does well in such a way that all the scales of the cuticle of the hair strand, which were out of shape due to damage, were returned to their original form and in cases where the damage was irreversible, it prevented the progress of the damage.

    The importance of hair throughout history

    1- History:

    Since the beginning of human history, hair has been an aspect It was a show of individual personality. As a symbol of a person's gender, social status, religion, and occupation, hair has been as important as the way of dressing, the amount of ornaments (jewelry) and even the type of a person's weapon. Hair has had great value and prestige for mankind in ancient times. Several years ago, the frozen body of a man was found in the glaciers near the border of Austria and Italy. Due to the fact that the appearance of this man was similar to today's men, at first it was thought that he had just died, but after studying his clothes and weapons, archaeologists realized that the body belonged to more than five thousand years ago. The hair of this body was completely neat and about 9 cm long, and his beard was well trimmed. All this indicates the deep attention of people to hairstyles and beards even in very distant times.  The ancient Egyptians were the pioneers of many beauty rituals and they also attached great importance to the beauty of the hair, and they always did a variety of makeup on their hair.

    In ancient Egypt, Pharaoh's sons braided their hair in a special way and hung it on the right side of the head just behind the ear. Pharaoh always appeared in public with a wig. Even today, male or female English judges wear horsehair wigs as a tradition when appearing in court. The oldest existing medical text is a papyrus containing prescriptions from ancient Egyptian physicians regarding an ointment to treat hair loss. In this ointment, crocodile fat and hippo excrement are used in equal amounts.  Hippocrates (Ancient Greek physician) noticed the connection between genitalia and male pattern baldness and was the first to report that eunuchs (those castrated before puberty) do not develop male pattern baldness. Apparently, the reason Hippocrates paid attention to male baldness was that Hippocrates himself was bald. To prevent hair loss, Hippocrates recommends applying a mixture of cumin, pigeon droppings, horseradish and nettle to the bald area. Today, the area of ??the head that includes the back and sides and does not naturally suffer from hair loss is sometimes called the crown of Hippocrates[1]. Samson's power to destroy evil depended on his hair being long and not cut, and when Delilah cut his hair, Samson's power was completely lost. In ancient times, Christian priests and worshipers used to shave their hair from the part of their head to show their lack of interest in the world and their chastity and to say that their existence is dedicated to God. In the Middle Ages, due to the intense attention of Christians to the afterlife, shaving the hair on the part of the head became more common, so that sometimes only a strip of hair remained on the sides of the head.During the reign of Louis XIV in France, the use of wigs became fashionable as a sign of aristocracy. Louis had beautiful hair when he was young, and he was the one who popularized the custom of wearing a wig in France due to losing his hair in his old age.

    In some cases, the French put their personal items such as small ships and bird cages (which also had live birds) on the wig, and sometimes the weight of this wig reached 6-9 kg. The custom of wearing a wig continued in France until the middle of the 18th century.

    Various Asian countries have always paid great attention to the beauty and makeup of the hair.

    Buddhist priests shaved their heads completely. Samurai heroes in Japan shaved the front and top of their heads and tied the rest of their hair into a braided bunch on top of their heads. Even today, samurai wrestlers braid their hair in a special way at the back of the head, although shaving the front and top of the head is obsolete. During the Chinese Revolution (1922), hanging braided hair on the back of the head was forbidden for men and failure to comply with this issue was considered a crime, so this custom disappeared in most urban areas of China, but it still continues in many villages. Chinese women also usually had long hair. In today's societies, hair has a lot of social, cultural and religious importance and is also important in showing one's personality. In many social groups such as rock singers, punks, Orthodox Jews, Krishnas, Sikhs, Sufis, Buddhists and Hindus, hair is very important and its loss is considered a tragedy.

  • Contents & References of Investigating the effect of cationic polymer compounds on hair using theoretical data and scanning electron microscope (SEM)

    List:

    The first chapter: The importance of hair throughout history

    1-1 History. 1

    The second chapter: Anatomy and Physiology of Hair

    2-1 Introduction. 7

    2-2 hair care regimens. 8

    2-3 hair follicles. 9

    2-4 Scalp structure. 14

    2-5 natural cycle of hair growth. 15

    2-6 Chemical examination of hair strands. 17

    2-6-1-Strengthening the hair. 18

    2-6-2- Appearance of the hair. 19

    The third chapter: Hair damage

    -6-2 conditioners forming a thin layer on the hair. 37

    4-6-3 conditioners with protein. 38

    4-6-4 silicone conditioners. 39

    4-6-5 variety of modifiers. 40

    4-6-5 instant modifiers. 41

    4-6-6 deep conditioners. 41

    4-6-7 conditioners without rinsing. 42

    4-7 Cleaning the hair with shampoo. 43

    4-8 An overview of the cleaning properties of shampoo. 44

    4-9 foaming of shampoos. 44

    4-10 shampoo components. 46

    4-10-1 active substances on the surface. 47

    4-10-1-1 Classification of active substances on the surface. 49

    4-10-1-2 anionic surfactants. 50

    4-10-1-3 non-ionic surfactants. 54

    4-10-1-4 amphoteric surfactants. 55

    4-10-1-5 cationic surfactants. 55

    4-10-1-6 multifunctional surfactants. 56

    4-11 Construction additives. 57

    4-12 functional additions. 58

    4-13 Investigation of polyquaterniums soluble in water. 60

    4-14 silicone additives. 61

    The fifth chapter: Review of polymers and polymer chemistry in hair care products

    5-1 Introduction. 63

    5-2 connecting the polymer to the hair strand. 64

    5-3 chemical bonds. 64

    -          4-5 isoelectric point of polymer durability. 66

    5-5 polymer penetration into the hair strand. 67

    5-6 cationic polymers and their reaction with hair. 68

    5-7 Reaction of cellulose quaternary polymers with human hair. 69

    5-7-1 surface absorption and hair absorption. 70

    5-7-2 Effect of molecular weight. 70

    5-7-3 Effect of charge. 70

    5-7-4 effect of pH. 71

    5-7-5 The effect of salt. 71

    5-7-6 The effect of damage to hair. 71

    5-8 The effect of surfactant on polymer absorption. 72

    5-9 neutral and anionic polymer. 73

    5-10 laboratory studies.  74

    References..

    Source:

    1382

    Robbins, C.R. Chemical & Physical Behavior of Human Hair, 2nd Edition. Springer – Verlag New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, London, Paris, Tokyo (1994)

    Albert's, B., Barry, D., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K. & Watson, J.D. Molecular Biology Of The Cell, 3rd Edition (1994) Garland Publishing, Inc., New York & London

    Hair Follicle, Differentiation under the Electron Microscope- An Atlas, 2005, 6 Chapters. Hair Cortex and Hair Cuticle, 45-62

    Ito, S. & Wakamatsu, K. Pig. Cell, Res. 11, 120-126 (1988)

    Gloor M, Kohler H. On the physiology and biochemistry of the scalp and hair lipids. Arch Dermatol Res. 1977 Jan 31;257(3): 273-9

    Oshimura E, Abe H, Oota R. Hair and amino acids: the interactions and the effects. J Cosmet Sci. 2007 Jul-Aug; 58(4): 347-57.

    Plowman JE, Paton LN, Brison WG. The differential expression of proteins

    Stryer. L. Biochemistry, 3rd Edition. W.H. Freeman and co., New York (1988)

    Baqaei, Mohammad, Maryam Ahmadi, and Hamid Reza Ahmadi Ashtiani. Hair and hair care products. Tehran: Taimurzadeh, Neshar Tabib, 1388

    Hair Follicle, Differentiation under the electron microscope – An Atlas, 2005, 6 Chapters. Hair Cortex and Hair Cuticle, 45-62

    Photodegradation of hair of different ethnicity after 1 year of exposure to natural weathering in Arizona. International journal of Cosmetic Science. 29(2):145, April 2007. Kamath, Y.K.; Ruetsch, S. B.

    Dawber, Rodney Cosmetic and medical causes of hair weathering. Review Article. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 1 (4): 196-201, December 2002

    Dawber, Rodney cosmetic and medical causes of hair weathering. J CosmetDermatol. 2002 Dec;1(4):196-201

    Oshimora E, Abi H, OotaHair and amino acids: the interactions and the effects. JCosmet Sci. 2007 Jul-Aug; 58(4):347-57

    Gao T. Evaluation of hair humidity resistance/moisturization from hair elasticity. J Cosmet Sci. 2007 Jul-Aug; 58(4):393-404

    Kazuhara A. Analysis of structural changes in bleaching keratin fibers (bleach and white human hair) using raman spectroscopy. Biopolymers , 2006 Apr 15;81(6):506-14

    Inoue, T., Ito/M./& Kizawa, K., Characterization of eluted proteins from hair fiber under permanent waving or bleaching, J. Soc. Cosmetics. Chem.Japan, 35,3(2001) 237-242. hair Caused by Repeated Bleaching Combined with Daily Weathering during daily life activities. ExongDermatol 2004;3:273-281

    Kizawa, K.; Ionue, T.; Yamaguchi, M.; Kleinert, P.; Troxler, H.; Heizmann, C.W.; Iwamoto, Y. Dissimilar effect of perming and bleaching treatments on cuticles: advanced hair damage model based on elution and oxidation of S100A3 protein. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 27(6):355, December 2005

    Bellare, J.; Iyer, R.; Mainkar, A.R.; Jolly, C. I. A study on the conditioning effects of natural shampoos using the scanning electron microscope. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 23(3):139-145, , June 2001

    Robbins C, Kamath Y. Hair breakage during combing. III. The effects of bleaching and conditioning on short and long segment breakage by wet and dry combing of tresses. J Cosmet Sci. 2007 Jul-Aug;58(40):477-84

    Kaplin I.J., Schwan .A., and Zahn, H., Effects of cosmetic treatments on the ultra-structure of hair, Cosmet. & Toilet., 97(1982)22-26

    Robbins CR. Interaction of shampoo and creme rinse ingredients with human hair. In: Chemical and Physical Behavior of Human Hair. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988:122–167.

    Bouillon C. Shampoos and hair conditioners.

Investigating the effect of cationic polymer compounds on hair using theoretical data and scanning electron microscope (SEM)
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