Abstract
Culture is the spiritual life of man and includes the most cherished and precious part of human existence, and it is the gem of dynamism, innovation, fertility and growth.
The culture of the Bachaghchi people is special and remarkable. Bachaghchi tribe is the most famous tribe of Sirjan. This tribe lives in Chahargonbad mountain and the villages of Belord and Kohenshahr.
Bachaghchi tribe consists of several clans and clans, and the smallest unit is Ishum, which includes several households. According to the elders and informants of Belward, this tribe migrated from Qara Dagh, Azerbaijan to Kerman region during the time of Nader Shah. The popular culture has been influenced by the people of these regions due to migration and minor changes have taken place in their lives. The cases that are examined in this research are classified into five chapters: Chapter 1: statement of the problem, which explains the problem related to the research. The second chapter: includes the background of the research or its literature, which introduces the internal research conducted on the culture of the Bachaghchi people. The third chapter: research method: the methods that have been used to conduct the research in this research have been described in the field research. The fourth chapter: research findings, graphs, pictures, etc. In this chapter, we have collected and described the folk culture of the Bachaghchi people based on the field method and interviews. The fifth chapter: the results of the research, in this chapter we have summarized the contents and conclusions.
Key words: Il, Bachaghchi, popular culture, customs, couplet.
Abstract
Culture is the spiritual life of man and includes the most cherished and precious part. Human existence is the essence of dynamism, innovation, fertility and growth.
Bachaghchi tribe culture is special and remarkable. Bachaghchi tribe is the most famous tribe of Sirjan. This tribe lives in Chahargonbad mountain and the villages of Belord and Kohenshahr.
Bachaghchi tribe consists of several clans and clans, and the smallest unit is Ishum, which includes several households. According to the elders and informants of Belward, this tribe migrated from Qara Dagh, Azerbaijan to Kerman region during the time of Nader Shah. The popular culture has been influenced by the people of these regions due to migration and minor changes have taken place in their lives. The cases that are examined in this research are classified into five chapters: Chapter 1: statement of the problem, which explains the problem related to the research. The second chapter: includes the background of the research or its literature, which introduces the internal research conducted on the culture of the Bachaghchi people. The third chapter: research method: the methods that have been used to conduct the research in this research have been described in the field research. The fourth chapter: research findings, graphs, pictures, etc. In this chapter, we have collected and described the folk culture of the Bachaghchi people based on the field method and interviews. The fifth chapter: the results of the research, in this chapter we have summarized the contents and conclusions.
Key words: Ail, Bechagchi, popular culture, customs, couplet.
Statement of the problem
"Popular culture or folklore consists of two parts: folk" means popular and mass of the people, and the second part is lore (lore) meaning knowledge, knowledge, collection of information, information, culture and materials that form the basis of this science" (Folk Culture Quarterly, 1386: 15).
"Thinkers who love the culture of Iran and the Earth, in order to prevent the oral culture from being lost in the turbulent times, changed it from oral to written, and among these, Hakim Abolqasem Ferdowsi is the best person who, considering the chaotic situation of his time, devoted himself to collecting the national treasures and the oral culture of the nation, he created the main core of the written folk culture, and our national and ancient rituals recorded in a fluent and expressive language. He created the Shahnameh, which is a treasure of the people's culture, in 25 to 30 years" (Farhang Menrom Quarterly, 1386: 18-17).
"Il Bachaghchi is one of the big elots of Kerman, and today most of it has settled in Belward and the villages around Weber and near it. (Saeedian, 1375: 731).
"The people of the Bachaghchi tribe are originally Turkish and their language is Turkish, but due to the contact with the Persian-speaking villages and tribes, Persian words and compounds have penetrated their dialect" (Afsharsistani, 1362: 702).
First of all, Iran needs anthropological studies to know social relations, tribal structure, tribal powers, economy and tribal culture" (Bastani Rad, 1382: 1).
"In Persian texts, the words il, asheera, clan, tribe, and oymaq, especially in the plural form of ilat, nomads, clans, tribes, are often synonymous with each other, and in cultures, these words mean tribe, descent, lineage, family, and sometimes congregation, which, of course, does not help to understand their practical differences.
Ibn Khaldun The historian of the 8th century of Hijri is one of the first to think about the characteristics of Bedouin communities and believes that people who earn their living by rearing cattle must be on the move and wandering in the desert in search of pastures and water" (Imani Far, 1389: 5). It examines all cultural aspects. "Il Bchagchi" which is apparently the word "Bchagchi" with "Buchagchi" in the Turkish dialect is composed of two parts "buchag" which means knife, knife and bayonet and the suffix "chi". Therefore, Bochagchi means spear and sharp. Some also believe that the name of this tribe is derived from the word Buchag, which means honey" (Sistani, 2012; 250)
Since the Buchagchi nomads migrated from Azerbaijan to the Kerman region and are warriors and warriors and are not concentrated in one place like Belward, it is necessary to examine their culture and popular literature to see the influence of other cultures interacting with them. and whether they have preserved or been influenced by their indigenous and traditional culture.
2-1 - Objectives and necessity of research
Extensive and detailed studies on the Bachaghchi tribe in Kerman province are few and limited to several articles and books that deal with several cultural aspects of this tribe. This research tries to deal with the popular culture and literature of Bachaghchi clan in a general and complete way, to add to the previous studies.
In this research, all aspects of the culture of the clan, including customs and traditions that include marriage, birth and death ceremonies, customs and traditions related to various holidays and collecting popular literature including stories, songs, etc. We will try to prevent their obsolescence.
1-1- Research background and literature
"Looking at the sources to discover the historical situation of Eilat should be done based on sociological awareness and combined with the investigation of their historical background. With such an attitude, in the current research, while conducting sociological studies on Iranian tribes, the historical background of Bachaghchi tribe has also been studied. In examining the past of this tribe, it was attempted to extract information that was found in works such as Ibn Battuta's travelogue, Safaviyeh Kerman's Tazkira, Kerman's history and so on. there are Although Ibn Battuta - as far as it has been obtained - is the first and only person who not only mentions the word "Bachqchi" as a relative characteristic of some people he sees in Anatolia, but also provides unique and important news about "Bachqchi" that cannot be seen in any other source. His news is related to the third decade of the eighth lunar century (740-730).