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  3. Investigating the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidene (pvp) surfactant concentration on the size of nanoparticles in the process of nanomedicine production using anti-solvent solvent precipitation method in microchannels

Investigating the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidene (pvp) surfactant concentration on the size of nanoparticles in the process of nanomedicine production using anti-solvent solvent precipitation method in microchannels

Number of pages: 73 File Format: word File Code: 31801
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering
Tags/Keywords: anti solvent - Curcumin - Microchannel - nano medicine - Polyvinyl pyrrolidene - pvp - Solvent deposition - Surfactant - Surfactant concentration - Turmeric
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  • Summary of Investigating the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidene (pvp) surfactant concentration on the size of nanoparticles in the process of nanomedicine production using anti-solvent solvent precipitation method in microchannels

    Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in chemical engineering

    Abstract:

    In this research, an attempt is made to solve one of the major problems in the field of drug production, which is to improve the solubility of drug particles in body fluids [1] by using the process of solvent/anti-solvent precipitation and nano-scale precipitation production in the ?-shaped microchannel, the effect of concentration Surfactant should be investigated on the size of produced nanoparticles and the stability of the suspension solution.

    By using surfactants PVP, SDS, T-tab, HPMC tween 20 in concentrations of 0.3, 0.3, g/ml, and curcumin solution with a concentration of 4.45 g/ml, curcumin nanoparticles that have medicinal properties were produced. and finally, the size of the produced nanoparticles as well as the stability of the suspension solution in different states are checked and the best state is reported. The result of this research can be used to produce pharmaceutical nanoparticles with high absorption capability in the body.

    Key words: Solvent / anti-solvent precipitation method, microchannel, curcumin, surfactant

    Introduction:

    Today, a large share of drugs are drugs that have low solubility in water, which is considered a big problem. Many efforts have been made to solve the problem by creating a new formulation. overcome the solubility of selected drugs. [1] Among the different strategies that increase solubility, the reduction of particle size is considered as an effective factor. In fact, by reducing the size of the particles, their surface area increases, which increases the solubility of drugs in aqueous solutions. Preparation methods of drug nanosuspension are divided into two general categories: top-down[2] and bottom-up[3]. In the solvent/anti-solvent precipitation method [4], which is in the second category, by adding an anti-solvent, increasing the molar volume of the solution and then reducing the strength of the solvent against the solute, the solid component is precipitated. On the other hand, there is an attempt to use curcumin [5] as an insoluble substance in water, and check its solubility and absorption under test conditions, and use its results for other drugs. This compound is a natural polyphenol compound that has important medicinal properties and is used in the treatment of many diseases such as cancer and inflammation[2].

    1-1:   Introduction of curcumin

    Turmeric is rich in niacin, calcium, iron, zinc, copper, potassium and magnesium, and it contains substances called curcumin, which is responsible for the color of turmeric and a strong antioxidant that detoxifies the body. Curcumin present in turmeric is anti liver toxins, anti inflammation and swelling, anti rheumatic and inflammatory pains. Turmeric increases the secretion of insulin and lowers blood sugar and is a suitable spice for diabetics, which can be an important factor in preventing all types of cancers due to its strong antioxidants. Turmeric grows in India, China and tropical areas. From the side of the leaves of the sheath at the base of the stem, small and thick cylindrical branches come out, which are diagonally sunk into the ground and each one creates roots and regularly creates new bases.  

    Figure 1-1: Turmeric plant

    The part used by this plant is its underground stem, which after removing from the ground, clean and separate the roots and put in boiling water. After cleaning, they dry it for several days. Turmeric has a yellow or gray-brown color, and its smell is aromatic and its taste is bitter. Turmeric flowers are spike-shaped and yellowish green in color.

    In this research, curcumin is used as a drug insoluble in water. Curcumin is a natural polyphenyl compound with many important medicinal properties and can be used in the treatment of viral diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. [3] However, its medical development is limited due to its poor ability to dissolve in water (in recent studies, its solubility in water has been reported to be 0.000199 mg/ml).[4]

     

    1-2: Chemical compounds of turmeric

    Turmeric has an essential oil composed of valeric, caperlic and phlandone acids, and also contains sabinin, cineol, borneol and tourmerol alcohol and curcumin, which is the color of turmeric due to This substance is curcumin. Curcumin 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione is a basic yellow bioactive compound isolated from turmeric, a substance obtained from the underground stem of Curcuma longa.[5] Turmeric has been widely used in ancient Indian medicine and has been used for many diseases such as diabetes, cancer, infectious diseases and rheumatism [6]. The medicinal effect of curcumin is related to its activity in a wide range of molecular markers. One of the most important aspects of curcumin is its effectiveness against various types of cancer. According to research, curcumin is a non-toxic substance even in high doses. Known anticancer drugs, for example methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, tamoxifen, contain leukopenia and other toxic substances. Curcumin, the active compound of turmeric, is widely used as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. It can be used in the preparation of sunscreen and it is also a strong antioxidant. Unfortunately, the selectivity of curcumin is weak. The low selectivity is related to the many molecular markers that curcumin is known to react with. These include markers that are closely related to the proliferation of cancer cells. [7] The molecular formula of curcumin is C21H20O6 with a mass of 368.39 g/mol, prepared by Merck. Abstract:

    In this research has been tried to solve one of the problem's in producing drugs, it means developing the amount of solubility of drug's in the body fluid by the use of Liquid anti-solvent precipitation method in a ? shape micro-channels , and study the effect of surfactant density on the particle size and stability of the suspension. By the use of surfactant's like: HPMC, PVP, SDS, T-tab, tween20 at the density of 3, 0.3, 0.03% gr/milt and Curcumin at 4.42 gr/milt, nano drug particles would be created. Finally, the size of produced particles and the stability of the suspension on different positions would be studied and the best kind would be reported. The results of this research can be used in producing nano particle drugs with high solubility in the body.

  • Contents & References of Investigating the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidene (pvp) surfactant concentration on the size of nanoparticles in the process of nanomedicine production using anti-solvent solvent precipitation method in microchannels

    List:

    Abstract: 1

    Introduction: 1

    Chapter One: General Research

    1-1:   Introducing curcumin. 4

    1-2: Chemical compounds of turmeric. 5

    1-3:  Medicinal properties of turmeric. 6

    1-4: Medicinal nanocrystals. 7

    1-5: Microchannels 7

    1-6: Particle size: 12

    1-6-1: Description of methods for measuring and analyzing particle size distribution in a suspension or emulsion solution: 12

    1-6-2: Measurement of particle size distribution. 13

    1-6-3: Projection of particle size distribution. 14

    1-6-4: Receptor size of nano particles. 16

    1-7: Zeta potential 17

    1-8: XRD test. 18

    1-9: Scanning electron microscope. 19

    1-9-1: Scanning electron microscope and its history. 19

    1-9-2: History. 19

    1-9-3: Familiarity with scanning electron microscope. 20

    1-9-4: General uses. 20

    1-9-5: Examples of the application of 21

    1-9-6: Sample sizes 22

    1-9-7: preparation 22

    1-9-8: Chemical analysis in electron microscopy. 23

    1-9-9: Limitations 23

    1-10: freeze dryer 24

    1-11: What is a spectrophotometer? 25

    1-12:  FTIR test. 26

    1-13: The process of ultrasonic waves. 27

    1-14: Surface area measurement test. 27

    1-15: Solvent / anti-solvent deposition process. 28

    1-16: The necessity of using the solvent/anti-solvent precipitation method and its advantages. 28

    The second chapter: An overview of research literature and research background

    2-1: An overview of previous research in the field of drug production 33

    2-2:  Medicinal plants produced using nanotechnology. 37

    2-2-1: Hydrogen peroxide. 37

    2-2-2: Katira medicinal plant in nanotechnology. 38

    3-1: solution 43

    3-2:  Surfactant 43

    3-3: Preparation of curcumin solution. 47

    3-4: Preparation of surfactant solution. 49

    3-5:  Test steps. 49

    Chapter Four: Results and discussion

    4-1: Particle size measurement results. 58

    4-2: Measurement results of zeta potential 60

    4-3: XRD test results. 62

    4-4: SEM test results. 64

    4-5: FTIR test results. 65

    4-6:  Surface area measurement test results. 69

    The fifth chapter: Summary and suggestions

    5-1: Summary. 72

    2-5: Suggestions 73

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Investigating the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidene (pvp) surfactant concentration on the size of nanoparticles in the process of nanomedicine production using anti-solvent solvent precipitation method in microchannels
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