Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (M. A )
Direction:
Sports biomechanics
Abstract:
The purpose of this research is to find talent in the heptathlete of athletics based on biomechanics. anthropometric and physical fitness. The statistical population of the current research included female athletics athletes (12-16) of Kermanshah city, among whom 32 teenage girls, members of the provincial and national athletics teams, were selected as the sample size. Based on this, biomechanical characteristics include (flexion, hyperextension and abduction of shoulder and thigh, elbow and knee flexion, static and dynamic balance), anthropometric characteristics include (weight, height, distance from the last appendage to the ground in a standing position, distance from the knee to the ground in a standing position, length of the arms, forearms, thighs, legs and feet, width of different parts of the body including shoulders, width of the trunk from the level of the nipples, width of the trunk from the navel level, trunk width from the hip level, wrist diameter, ankle diameter, as well as the circumference of various organs such as the circumference of the torso from the nipples, the circumference of the torso from the level of the navel, the circumference of the torso from the hip level, the thigh circumference in the middle part, the knee circumference, the greatest leg circumference, the greatest arm circumference, the elbow circumference, the greatest forearm circumference, the wrist circumference, the ankle circumference and the subcutaneous fat of various parts such as the triceps muscle, subscapularis, supraspinatus and leg) and physical fitness characteristics including (Exams such as 30 meters and 60 meters speed, endurance (12 minutes), distance traveled per mile, agility test 4 x 9 meters, Sargent's jump to evaluate leg strength, Balfix to evaluate trunk strength and flexibility) were considered. In this research, both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics for frequency distribution, frequency percentage and drawing graphs and inferential statistics include data coverage analysis test using the model. According to the results of the model test, thigh flexion, thigh hyperextension, thigh abduction, knee flexion, shoulder hyperextension as prominent biomechanical features, weight, height, distance from the last appendage to the ground (in a standing position), distance from the knee to the ground (in a standing position), thigh length, leg length, leg length, arm length, forearm length, trunk circumference from the hip level, thigh circumference in the middle part, the largest leg circumference, the largest arm circumference, Ankle and leg circumference were determined as prominent anthropometric features and all 6 measured physical fitness features were prominent. Also, according to the results of the model test and the identification of more efficient people in each feature, the result of sharing all three unique performance features, two people out of the total people were shown, which indicates the suitability of these two people specifically for the heptathlete of athletics.
Introduction
The successful presence of any universities in the international scenes shows the economic, political, cultural and scientific growth of that society. It is one of the important international stages of sports events at the level of world championships and Olympics. Today, all the countries of the world make significant infrastructure plans to win gold, silver and bronze medals in world competitions and Olympics (Ebrahim and Hallaji, 85). Dealing with the scientific principles of sports for the steps of progress is not only natural but also necessary. On the other hand, the high time and financial costs of training elite and efficient athletes have forced those involved in sports affairs to identify the best people in specific sports, so that they select a limited number of children and teenagers who have more talent in the desired sport and nurture and educate them for many years (Sheikh, 87). Considering this issue, there is no doubt that a better and more accurate recognition of talents and the determination of the necessary criteria to prepare this recognition is necessary in order to avoid the "trial and error process" in the selection of athletes, which is nothing but a waste of human resources, energy and time (Hadavi, 78).
A large number of researchers emphasize that a combination of countless factors (genetic and environmental) is effective in creating an elite athlete.
Many researchers emphasize that a combination of numerous factors (genetic and environmental) are effective in creating an elite athlete (Baker[1] 2001, Davids[2] 2001, McArthur and North[3] 2005, Patel and Gridanos[4] 2002, Pittsiladis and Scott[5] 2005, Reilly and colleagues [6] 2000). Based on this, many researches have been carried out to investigate the effect of physical fitness parameters (Tanner, 1964), anthropometric and physiological parameters (Degree et al. [7], 1974, Huarovar [8], 2000, Reilly et al., 2000), physical and anthropometric parameters (Bloomfield et al. [9], 1985, Blanksby [10], Bloomfield and Ackland [11]). 1990), genetic and environmental factors (Simonton [12], 1999), puberty (Bloomfield et al., 1990), physical, movement and anthropometric factors (Pinar et al. [13], 1998), physiological, social and psychological factors (Falk et al. [14], 2004), genetic factors (Hopkins [15], 2001, Petel and Gridanos, 2002, Prass et al. [16], 2003, McArthur, 2005) have discussed in talent search. But so far, no research has been done in the field of talent identification considering all biomechanical, anthropometric and physical fitness parameters. The purpose of this research is to find talent in the seven subjects of athletics based on these characteristics.
2.1. Statement of the problem
One ??of the most important concepts in sports science and physical education is the talent identification process. The objective meaning of identifying sports talent is identifying and selecting people who have a lot of ability for a specific sport compared to others (Bompa [17], 1999). Talent search and talent development is a vital part of most sports programs (Falk et al., 2004). In the talent search, minors are guided to the sports in which they have the highest probability of success based on the criteria obtained by the comprehensive tests (Peltola [18], 1992). According to sports science scientists, sports talent scouting is a logical, short and economical way for the successful presence of athletes in international scenes (Ebrahim and Hallaji, 85). According to the findings of sports science related to championship sports, the success of athletes at different levels on the one hand and the success of the management of federations and sports boards on the other hand depends on the timely selection and proper cultivation of human resources (Alijani, 81).
Until now, the coaching staff used to discover and find talent during a sport. is considered, but it does not provide neutral and unbiased scientific methods (Williams and Reilly[19], 2000), because in order to accurately identify elites, it is necessary to identify some physiological, biomechanical, psychological, and other abilities. . . . emphasized But the exact knowledge of these features in the field of humanities has many difficulties. Because the talent search system is different in different countries and it is not possible to design and implement a common version for the talent search category based on a specific model.
One ??point of view in the process of talent search and selection of people is that they have the necessary competence to continue in the desired sports field, which can be achieved in this way. It provides the selection of people and on the other hand, having models of elite athletes as models whose characteristics and characteristics can determine the desired criteria in the selection of people. The optimal selection is the selection that correctly considers all the different aspects related to that field (Sheikh, 87). The statistical population of the study included female track and field athletes (12-16 years) in Kermanshah that 32 teenage girls in track and field team were selected for the members of the national and city team and was as the sample size.