The relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health of physical education teachers in Khaf city

Dissertation to receive a Master's degree

Physical Education - General Orientation

Abstract

The aim of this research was the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health of physical education teachers. As a whole, its number and size were considered equal to the size of the society, which included 50 female and 50 male teachers. To achieve the objectives of the research, the Siberian Sherring Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and the GHQ General Health Questionnaire were used, the validity of both questionnaires was approved by 13 experts and their reliability was examined in a preliminary study with 30 subjects (physical education teachers) and their reliability was calculated as 0.936 and 0.859 respectively. In order to analyze the collected data, descriptive statistical methods and inferential statistical methods such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-sample Student's t, simple linear regression, one-way analysis of variance, Scheffe's post hoc test were used by 19 spss. The findings of the research showed that the average emotional intelligence of physical education teachers is at the expected level and general health is lower than the expected average level, and for all teaching levels based on gender, there is a positive and significant correlation between emotional intelligence and mental health of teachers (p<0.01), but this correlation is not significant for female teachers at primary level (p>0.05). that for all teaching levels based on gender, except for female teachers at the primary level, emotional intelligence can meaningfully explain part of the variance of teachers' mental health and the effect coefficients for male teachers at the primary level (0.66), female middle school teachers (0.87), middle school male teachers (1), high school female teachers (0.75), high school male teachers (0.98) and according to the t-statistics, it shows that emotional intelligence with 99% confidence can to predict the changes related to mental health in these stages according to the gender of the teachers and also the F index of the analysis of variance showed that there is no significant relationship between the emotional intelligence of the teachers, but in terms of the mental health variable, the primary stage was lower than the other stages.

Key words: emotional intelligence, mental health, physical education teachers

1 Introduction

        The most important factor in achieving the goals of any organization is human power. In education and training, due to spiritual and educational goals, teachers are considered as the most important effective factors in education and training (Asgarian, 1365). Investing more in the human resources of education and training (teachers) means increasing knowledge and strengthening the infrastructure of the society. As a part of this human resource, the physical education teacher is also responsible for important tasks in education and training such as creating physical fitness, creating desirable moral and social traits, properly filling free time and teaching the right way of life to students (Ministry of Education, 1374). Also, physical education teachers have a difficult task in achieving the goals of general education through physical activities and maintaining the health and well-being of students, and they must have the desired level of personal and managerial capabilities (Qayyumi, Mohammad, 2013). It seems that the job of teachers, especially in the education sector, is one of the jobs that requires a high level of emotional intelligence. Because physical education teachers need a close relationship with students and play a vital role in the development of behavior, attitude, skills and giving them the information they need for physical activity throughout their lives (Yarmohammadi Monfard et al. 2019). In other words, emotional intelligence includes the ability to make accurate reasoning about emotional feelings, to improve the level of thinking (Mayer [2] and colleagues, 2008) and is defined as a subset of social intelligence; It means the ability to get along with people, control emotions in relationships with people, and the ability to persuade or guide others. It also includes characteristics such as the ability to motivate oneself, perseverance and persistence in the face of failure, not losing spirit, repelling depression and despair when thinking, empathy and sincerity, and having hope (Golman [3], 1995).The characteristics of emotional intelligence, such as understanding, describing, understanding, and managing emotions, make people deal effectively with daily stress and important life events, and result in results such as mental health, good quality of relationships, job satisfaction, and physical health (Gladys [4] et al., 2009). People with higher emotional intelligence can more successfully deal with problems in their work and life environments and enjoy better health (Golman, Daniel, 1990) and also emotional intelligence plays an important role in improving performance. physical and mental health of people, and emotional order plays a determining role in the relationship between stressors and physical health (Tsaiosis[5] and Nikola, 2005).

(2004) in a research showed that physical activity in any form can play a role in maintaining and providing mental health.

In recent years, examining the health status and professional dimensions of teachers has been the focus and study of many researchers in numerous studies, so that each of these researchers has tried to examine the position and working conditions of teachers in order to identify vulnerable points and eliminate these problems in order to achieve effective education and training. And (Kavus [7], 2006) so that according to the context, situation, resources and cultural and social elements, the dimensions of psychological health of the teaching job and stressful sources may show themselves in a different way from other societies (Habibi et al., 2008). What societies were involved in health-disrupting factors at any point in time and were trying to improve the level of society and the quality of life. The World Health Organization defines health as follows: health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease and weakness (Sarafino [9], 2003). Mental health [10] is also the feeling of satisfaction and mental improvement and social conformity with the standards accepted by each society, and like physical health, it is something beyond the absence of disease or other problems. Researchers believe that health and illness are not an absolute and independent state, but rather a process that is influenced by cultural, social and psychological factors (Brazian and Besharat, 2008). The teacher's close contact with students and the influence he has on them plays an important role in their mental and mental health. Considering the similarity of the goals of education and mental health, which both aim to make people healthy, useful and happy, the necessity of such studies in education is considered important. If the mental health status of teachers is identified and plans are made to improve their mental health, the academic performance of students will improve accordingly (Fontana and Abusiri, 2003). In this regard, it is an issue that has received a lot of research today, and studies conducted in recent years in the field of mental health and public health have clearly shown the close relationship between personality and psychological factors and health (Fathi Ashtian, 2015). So that the recent developments in the field of health psychology, mental health and behavioral medicine have paid attention to the role of emotion in human health and disease. (Lia [11] et al., 2003). Mental health[12] is one of the most fundamental social concepts and it is a set of factors that play an effective role in preventing the development or progression of cognitive, emotional and behavioral disorders in humans. Researches show various types of mental disorders including anxiety, stress and depression in today's society, so that many people suffer from these problems and huge expenses are spent on the treatment of these disorders every year (Daniel [13], 1997).  Ensuring the mental health of different sections of the society is one of the most important issues that education officials in our Islamic society must seriously think about and address the existing deficiencies. Currently, there is a growing common knowledge and awareness that physical activity and regular exercise are beneficial for the physical health of humans (Mehri et al., 90).