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  3. Investigating effective factors in improving the status of physical education lessons in schools from the point of view of sports teachers, a case study (North Khorasan Province)

Investigating effective factors in improving the status of physical education lessons in schools from the point of view of sports teachers, a case study (North Khorasan Province)

Number of pages: 85 File Format: word File Code: 31732
Year: 2012 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Physical Education - Sports
Tags/Keywords: exercise - Physical activities - Physical activities - physical education - Physical education lesson - Physical education teacher - Sports teachers
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  • Summary of Investigating effective factors in improving the status of physical education lessons in schools from the point of view of sports teachers, a case study (North Khorasan Province)

    Master's thesis in the field of physical education and sports science, sports management orientation

    Abstract

    The purpose of this research is to investigate the effective factors in improving the status of physical education lessons in schools from the perspective of sports teachers in North Khorasan province in the academic year 2010-13. This research is of applied type, and in order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire of 5-point Likert scale was used, and the face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinion of the professors. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method, 97%. The statistical population of the research includes sports teachers of the province and the statistical sample includes 173 sports teachers (92 women and 81 men) who were selected by random cluster sampling. In order to analyze the data, in addition to descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis with orthogonal rotation was used to determine and identify the factors, the Kalmograph-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the data distribution, and Friedman's non-parametric tests, Wilcoxon's post hoc test, independent parametric t test, Pearson's test, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc test were used. The level of statistical significance was determined at (p>0.05). Meanwhile, data analysis was done by SPSS software. The results showed that from the point of view of physical education teachers, five factors of facilities and equipment, attitude and recognition of related groups, psychological dimension, teachers' expertise and monitoring and evaluation are effective in improving the status of physical education lessons. The findings of the research showed that there was no significant difference between the effective factors in improving the status of the physical education course among men and women, which shows that all the factors have the same importance among male and female teachers. There was no significant relationship between history and effective factors in improving the status of physical education course. This shows the equal importance of these factors among teachers with experience and less experience. A significant difference was observed between the effective factors in improving the status of physical education lessons among teachers with different educations, and the average of the attitude and recognition factors of different groups was higher among master's teachers than associate teachers, which shows that teachers with higher education consider the attitude factor more important and prefer to pay attention to it in improving the status of physical education lessons. According to Friedman's test, effective factors in improving the status of physical education courses were prioritized according to teachers' expertise, psychological dimension, attitude and knowledge of related groups, monitoring and evaluation, and facilities and equipment. Since it is not possible to address all the factors in order to solve the problems of physical education in schools at the same time, this prioritization will help policy makers and planners of physical education lessons to invest in the factors that are more important. rtl;"> 

    Introduction

    Education has a basic role in the process of evolution and development of human forces, which follows the general goals of education and education and steps towards the flourishing and development of physical and skillful, cognitive and scientific, technical and professional, emotional-social and moral-spiritual talents of students [26]. The existence of each of the school subjects seems essential in achieving these goals, and among them, physical education and sports lessons have a special nature and as a dynamic part of educational programs, it is a suitable tool to achieve the goals of education [3]. This lesson plays an important role in the realization of educational goals due to its compatibility with the natural needs of students [2]; And in addition to providing students with physical and mental health, it increases their self-confidence, creates a positive and proper image of themselves [1]. It also provides opportunities for enjoyment, learning new motor skills, participation and cooperation with others, and provides awareness about the way of a healthy life [26]. to increase their information, attitudes, motor skills, behavioral skills and self-confidence [110].West and Bucher [3] (2003) also defined the physical education lesson as an educational process, the physical activities of this lesson are a way to help students to use it to acquire skills, preparation, knowledge and a positive attitude towards optimal growth and well-being [108].

    Benefactors of societies and education scholars have found that educating responsible, healthy and lively citizens is possible in schools. It is not acceptable and they have also realized that the important part of this education is physical education. For this reason, physical activities and sports are included in the daily curriculum of students [36]. In this way, it can be said that physical education and sports are one of the main foundations of education in every society, which is considered as an educational method in order to balance and evolve the dimensions of human existence in his life [42]. Today, the knowledge of physical education and sports science has found a very valuable and important place in the education system of the world. So that in the educational programs and courses of schools, by providing the necessary opportunities for students, they help them in various physical, emotional, mental and skill areas [42]. Paying attention to this lesson in schools has become so important that in the first article of the UNESCO charter [4] (1978) physical education and sports are introduced as a fundamental right of all children and adolescents [2], but it seems that despite all the positive effects that this lesson has for students, it does not have a suitable position in the education system. Although various factors such as the lack of facilities, expert staff, the lack of books or written programs and various structural factors play a role in the formation and creation of this situation.

    1-2) Statement of the problem

    Physical education is an educational process in which physical activity is used as a way to help students acquire skills, preparation, knowledge and a positive attitude in line with optimal growth, obtaining general health and maximizing Opportunities are used to perform physical activities [8]. Freeman (1988) believes that the goals of physical education are in line with the general goals of education and include the physical, mental and emotional development and flourishing of students [75]. In other words, physical education is considered an important part of education and plays a vital role in realizing the general goals of education and raising an informed and cheerful generation. The Education Organization, which is in charge of the education of people, especially infants, teenagers and young people, is also responsible for ensuring their physical and mental health through the development of physical education programs in schools. Therefore, the expansion of physical education programs in schools is one of the basic needs of education and the need to continue it in all levels of education is undeniable [52]. As one of the branches of education, physical education plays an important role in the process of physical and mental development of learners. Therefore, it is one of the main subjects in many countries and its curricula are regularly reviewed and revised [15]. Since physical education and sports are considered to be one of the most influential institutions in the culture of society and nations, by expanding physical education and sports activities in schools, the level of physical, mental and intellectual abilities of students can be increased and psychological tensions and physical discomforts can be reduced [35]. The software and quality of this lesson have been paid less attention. Some of these researches have examined the subjects' attitudes towards physical education lessons. Esmaili (1383) considers one of the root problems of physical education lessons to be the lack of positive attitude towards physical education lessons from parents and educational planners [2]. The research results of Carlson [5] (1995), Safi C [6] (1999) and Naser Al-Allahibi [7] (2008) showed that students place physical education in a lower position than other subjects and believe that physical education is not important and valuable in their lives [65, 98, 57]. In the research of Minuet Rezaei (2011), 87.5% of sports teachers believe that the parents of students follow their children's sports progress less than other subjects [24].

  • Contents & References of Investigating effective factors in improving the status of physical education lessons in schools from the point of view of sports teachers, a case study (North Khorasan Province)

    List:

    Chapter One

    1-1) Introduction. 1

    1-2) statement of the problem. 2

    1-3) Necessity and importance of research. 3

    1-4) research objectives, questions and assumptions. 5

    1-4-1) The general purpose of the research. 5

    1-4-2) Specific goals. 5

    1-4-3) research question. 5

    1-4-4) Assumptions. 5

    1-5) research limitations. 5

    1-5-1) Controllable limits. 5

    1-5-2) uncontrollable limitations. 5

    1-6) Definition of research words and terms: 6

    1-6-1) Theoretical definition. 6

    1-6-2) operational definition. 6

    Chapter Two

    2-1) Introduction. 8

    2-2) Theoretical foundations. 8

    2-2-1) The importance of physical education in education. 8

    2-2-2) The importance of physical education and sports during adolescence. 9

    2-2-3) Objectives of physical education lessons in schools. 11

    2-2-4) Standards of physical education program in schools. 13

    5-2-2) The state of implementation of physical education lessons in schools of the country 14

    6-2-2)) The status of implementation of physical education lessons in schools around the world. 16

    2-2-7) The concept of attitude. 20

    2-2-7-1) The attitude of different groups towards the lesson of physical education and sports activities. 21

    2-2-8) sports facilities of schools. 22

    2-2-9) Specialization of sports teachers. 23

    2-3) Research background. 24

    2-3-1) Research conducted inside the country 24

    2-3-2) Research conducted abroad 34

    2-3-3) Summary of domestic research 39

    2-3-4) Summary of foreign research 39

    Chapter 3

    3-1) Introduction. 47

    3-2) research method. 47

    3-3) Society and statistical sample. 47

    3-4) measuring tools. 47

    3-5) Information collection method. 48

    3-6) statistical analysis method. 48

    3-7) factor analysis, a method to verify the validity of questionnaire questions. 49

    Chapter Four

    4-1) Introduction. 50

    4-2) Description of the individual characteristics of the subjects 50

    4-3) exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire of factors affecting the promotion of the physical education class. 51

    4-5) Checking the normality of data distribution 53

    4-6) Testing research hypotheses. 54

    The first hypothesis. 54

    The second hypothesis. 55

    The third hypothesis. 55

    The fourth hypothesis. 56

    Chapter Five

    5-1) Introduction 58

    5-2) Summary of the research. 59

    5-3) Discussion and conclusion. 60

    5-3-1) Expertise of teachers. 61

    5-3-2) Psychological dimension. 61

    5-3-3) facilities and equipment. 62

    5-3-4) attitude and recognition of related groups. 63

    5-3-5) monitoring and evaluation. 64

    5-4) Research suggestions. 65

    5-4-1) Practical suggestions. 65

    5-4-2) Research proposals. 66

    Resources. 66

    Appendix. 76

    Abstract 78

     

     

    Source:

     

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    [13] Bilali, Shirzad. (1379). Investigating the sports facilities and human resources of boys' secondary schools in Talesh city and identifying its problems and bottlenecks, Master's thesis, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Gilan University.

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    [15] Pazuki, Bahram. (1379). Examining the existing problems of physical education courses in middle school and high school levels of Tehran province, master's thesis, University of Tehran. [16] Tabesh, Mohsen. (1375). Examining educational issues of physical education course from the point of view of managers and teachers of Fasa city, master thesis, Tarbiat Modares University of Tehran.

    [17] Tutoni, Mojtabi. (1387). Sports priorities of students and sports facilities of elementary and middle schools in Isfahan. Master thesis, University of Isfahan.

    [18] Javadipour, Mohammad. (1385). Designing and validation of physical education curriculum model in elementary schools in Iran. PhD dissertation, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tarbiat Moalem University, Tehran. [19] Hosni, Asadullah. and Hemtinejad, Mehr Ali. And enlightening, enlightened. and Mehdipour, Abdurrahman. (1387). Description and comparison of safety management in physical education classes of Ahvaz secondary schools. Journal of sports sciences, fourth year, number 8, pp. 65-87.     

    [20] Hayat Ghaibi, Rababe, Hatami, Mehran. (1383). Examining the status and per capita of secondary schools in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and the utilization rate, the first conference on physical education and health of selected provinces of the country, Yazd.  

    [21] Khademi, Ali. (1385). Comparing the social development of athlete and non-athlete students, Master's thesis, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Gilan University. [22] Khavari, Leila. and Yousefian, Javad. (1387). Investigating the implementation of physical education lessons in middle and high schools of Yazd province, research in sports sciences, number 18, Spring 2018, pp. 87-100. [23] Khabeiri, Mohammad. (1376). Analysis of the opinions of a number of physical education teachers of elementary schools in Tehran about the bell of sports and suggestions for improvement, the collection of articles of the second scientific congress of school sports with an emphasis on elementary school, Tehran, Ministry of Education, Physical Education.

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Investigating effective factors in improving the status of physical education lessons in schools from the point of view of sports teachers, a case study (North Khorasan Province)
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