Effect of movement order in resistance training on testosterone hormone response

Dissertation to receive a senior expert degree

Physical Education and Sports Science

Research Abstract

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of movement order in resistance training on testosterone hormone response. was 15 active young men with an average age of 18.02±0.41 years; height 173±0.496 cm; Weight 63.08 ± 9.57 kg were voluntarily selected as samples. First, a maximum repetition of the movements (bed press, leg squat, armpit with a cable, back of the leg with the device and shoulder) of the subjects was determined and the first blood sample was also taken from the subjects. Subjects performed traditional and selected protocols in a week. The subjects first performed the traditional resistance training in 3 rounds with 10 repetitions with an intensity of 70 to 85% of a maximum repetition, and one week later, they performed the selected resistance training in the same way. Other blood samples were taken from the subjects 48 hours after each of the traditional and selected resistance training sessions. Variance analysis with repeated measurements was used to compare pre-test and post-test results, as well as paired t-test to compare the amount of work done in two traditional and selected methods, and ? ? 0.05 significance level was considered. Results: Serum testosterone levels increased significantly after both traditional and selective methods (p=0.00). Also, the amount of work in the selected method was significantly higher (bed press: p = 0.001; leg squat: p = 0.00; underarm with cable: p = 0.00; back leg: p = 0.001; shoulder press: p = 0.00). Conclusion: The results of the research showed that resistance training with the selected movement sequence method increases the amount of work done and increases testosterone. Therefore, it is suggested that to increase the training volume and other related responses in resistance training, the selected movement sequence can be used.

Key words: movement sequence, resistance training, testosterone.

Introduction

One ??of the important physiological adaptations after physical activity is hormonal adaptation. Hormonal response to physical activity depends on the intensity, duration and type of exercise program (1). Resistance training can have a different effect on the concentration of hormones and functional factors. Although the physiological significance of many of these changes is currently not known, but in fact, the response of these variables is very important compared to sports activities, also this resistance exercise is mentioned as the main stimulus for the sharp increase in the concentration of hormones. is (2, 7). However, since resistance training is characterized by creating an acute environment for physiological responses, including hormonal responses, which play a vital role in the process of changing and transforming protein cells, and hormonal factors are among the factors that influence all aspects of growth regulation (18, 17, 8) and along with the release of anabolic hormones, there are important physiological effects, especially for young men, so there are various methods to increase the interaction between resistance activities and endocrine glands. has been studied (10,9). In the meantime, considering the manipulation of training variables such as: volume, intensity, rest between rounds and so on. It has been able to cause great adaptation of protein synthesis in the reactivity cycle due to the hormonal response (18,17,16,11). Although it is clear that the design of special programs causes different hormonal response, it is not known to what extent the difference in hormonal response occurs in the acute intervention of resistance training after a period of training (13). It has been said that the combination of types of exercises can change the anabolic and catabolic balance of hormones (1), so it seems that various training methods can reveal many facts about the nature of resistance training. With these interpretations provided and while the scientific training protocols can help in the optimization and optimal response of the growth processes of athletes and coaches (17,14,15,9), we are looking to investigate the effect of the order of using certain movements in resistance training on testosterone hormone response and the amount of functional changes made with the traditional and selected resistance training protocol prescription instructions.

1-2- Statement of the problem

The endocrine system maintains the vital balance of the body and helps humans to respond to external stimuli. Endocrine system is a part of the guide to optimize the physiological actions of the body.These mechanisms controlled by the endocrine system can be activated in response to an acute resistance training session (4). Special anabolic mechanisms such as the release of growth hormone and testosterone affect muscle growth and development. Resistance exercise is a stimulus for strength development and muscle fiber hypertrophy. This issue can be at least partly related to the acute increase in endogenous anabolic hormones caused by exercise (3).  With increasing age, strength performance, muscle mass, testosterone is an anabolic hormone that is derived from androgen C-19 sterol, and like all other steroid hormones, it is mainly produced from cholesterol in Leydig cells of the testis (10,9). Testosterone is said to play an important role in the development of muscle mass and strength, which is known as myostatin facilitating muscle growth in interaction to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. It is known that acute training periods quickly increase the level of testosterone in the blood circulation (2,1). On the other hand, the effects of practice are specific according to its type. In addition, the types of adaptations created in the muscle in response to the type of exercise are also specific. The type of exercise creates different adaptations in the body, some of which are opposite to each other (1). A training load to stimulate the muscular system is related not only to the intensity of exercise, but also to the type and recovery time between periodic or continuous contractions (3). Nevertheless, it seems that the order of using movements in resistance training will undergo major changes in the form of hormonal response.

But since it may appear that a simple decision to use the desired stimulus in resistance training is actually a complex choice that affects the entire chain of events in the path of adaptation. Therefore, it is very important to know what type of exercise can create an optimal hormonal response (11) and in this research, in order to investigate the effects of changing the order of movement on the hormonal and functional response, we are looking to investigate the effects of resistance training with two different orders in the traditional and selective method on the amount of testosterone hormone changes.

In general, muscle mass changes according to muscle strength, so increasing muscle mass is an important goal for resistance training in order to increase muscle strength (9,3), also the optimal manipulation of resistance training variables to maximize performance and understanding the underlying physiological mechanisms of strength and power training by studying strength and hypertrophy is one of the favorite achievements of researchers, to many times hormonal changes in response to resistance training that play a role It is important in integrating the increase of protein synthesis, nerve impulse transmission and strength development, to be tested (12). Despite the fact that the two categories of strength and hypertrophy have made resistance training important, researchers have been and are searching to determine the training methods that have the maximum ability and result in the training program and facilitate the general understanding of the mechanisms of increasing strength and hypertrophy. Although it has been shown that the design of special programs causes different hormonal responses, it has not been determined to what extent the difference in hormonal responses occurs in acute bouts of resistance training after a training period (13,3). Also, the difference in hormonal response is determined by the interaction of training variables, for example: intensity, volume, duration, rest periods, involved muscle mass and individual characteristics such as age, health and fitness are part of these training variables (14). On the other hand, considering the manipulation of these training variables can cause a great adaptation of protein synthesis due to the hormonal response in the reactivity cycle (1) Optimal manipulation of resistance training variables to maximize performance and understand the underlying physiological mechanisms of strength and power training by studying strength and hypertrophy is one of the researchers' favorite achievements. to repeatedly test the hormonal changes in response to resistance training that play an important role in integrating increased protein synthesis, neurotransmitters, and strength development. The main hormones studied typically include testosterone (both total and free), human growth hormone, and cortisol.