Identifying obstacles to the development of basic sports in Tehran schools

Number of pages: 142 File Format: word File Code: 31700
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Master's degree Category: Physical Education - Sports
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    Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (M.A)

    Strategy: Sports Management

    Abstract:

    The current research was a descriptive-survey research in terms of developmental-applicative purpose and in terms of data collection method, the statistical population in this research included all managers and teachers. The physical education of elementary schools in Tehran was in the academic year of 2012-2013, and this case study was conducted in 1.4.8.13 areas of education. The statistical population was about 460 people. This researcher-made questionnaire has included 32 questions with the variables of cultural barriers, financial barriers, structural barriers, time barriers, motivational barriers, physical-psychological barriers, managerial and planning barriers, with a Likert-type valuation that each answer is assigned a score between 1 and 5. The sample size was determined with the help of Morgan's table, which was about 134 people and was done using available sampling method. In this research, in order to analyze the data to summarize and classify the raw data and calculate the frequency, frequency percentage, average, standard deviation, range of changes and frequency tables and graphs, a descriptive test was used, and Kolmogorov Smirnov inferential tests were used to determine the normality of the data, a one-sample t test was used to determine the options, and Friedman's test was used to rank the barriers and factors in the development of basic sports in Tehran schools. The results showed that cultural barriers Financial obstacles, structural obstacles, time obstacles, motivational obstacles, physical-psychological obstacles, management obstacles and planning have had an impact on the growth and development of basic sports in schools. It is suggested that each of the components of the barriers should be examined in a special way, and the barriers to participation should be examined from the perspectives of teachers and experts, and effective measures and solutions should be provided in the field of increasing the progress of basic sports. style="direction: rtl;">     Chapter One

    1.1. Introduction

    Nowadays, in the current era, sports and people's participation in sports activities as a social phenomenon is worthy of investigation and reflection. One of the most important functions of this phenomenon is its important role in creating the health of society. This issue can be clearly seen through sports on the lives of people who participate in this field (Mozaffari, 2012). Sohn et al.[1] (2014) stated that people's participation in physical and physical activities causes social, cognitive and psychological development and at a higher level improves physical fitness (Sohn et al., 2014). Sports as an exciting, stimulating phenomenon, the creator of national unity, the factor of development and promotion of health in society, has an important place in society (McChancey [2], 2013). In general, sports are ultimately a reflection of today's society. Through the promotion of sports, sports activities are a tool for the development of communities and peace in different cultures (Kartokoulis et al. [3], 2009). In this regard, the development of sports is related to increasing participation and promoting the opportunities and benefits of participating in sports activities. Various definitions of the concept of sports development [4] have been presented. The concept of sports development is very general and can include the development of sports at all levels of the general, elite, basic, etc. (Bolk [5], 2006). Sports development is a holistic approach to helping people start, stay and succeed in their chosen sport. Sports development is defined by Collins [6] as an effective (effective) opportunity, systems and structures and processes that enable people in society at all levels or specific or regional groups to participate in sports, recreation and entertainment and improve their performance to any level they want (Sotiriado [7], 2012). He considered the society as basic sports. Today, basic sports have been specially paid attention to by different countries. Many scientists are trying to identify and develop predictive indicators of talented people in different sports (Abbott [8], 2005). Thus, before the Sydney Olympics, Australia paid a lot of attention to basic sports in schools (Farmer [9], 1996).Providing basic movement skills and teaching basic sports such as gymnastics, swimming, and running to students will prepare them for future sports, physical activities, military service, and in general for a better life (Hadizadeh, 2018). Teaching basic sports in primary school and even beyond this period can effectively help students to learn how to participate in sports competitions (Tajari, 2016). In addition, school-based sports are a great opportunity for normally qualified teachers to teach life skills and science and knowledge in an organized manner to all children in a safe and supportive environment. Basic movement skills form the basis of almost all physical and sports activities (Khodaei, 2012). Examining the records and results of the world's best and elite champions shows that the majority of the records are related to those sports systems that have a comprehensive, scientific and systematic program for training elite and high-level athletes. If the growth and development of a human being is considered as the fulfillment of his needs, and the fulfillment of a human being's needs is also considered as a favorable ground for recognizing talents and fertilizing them and making them flourish, then we can realize the fact that from a philosophical, scientific and research point of view, movement, sports, games and physical activities are important factors influencing the natural growth and development of each person, and in the path of human growth and development, the talents hidden within him should be recognized and fertilized. Therefore, the best environment to realize this is the school and the best period to fertilize that period of adolescence and youth and one of the best tools to flourish it is sports and games (Rostami and Jafari, 2013).

    Therefore, today, the development of basic sports requires planning in different areas, one of the most basic of which is to identify the problems of developing basic sports in schools in order to avoid wasted time and money. Identifying the obstacles that exist in the way of the development of basic sports can be a great help in solving them and providing effective solutions in the field of increasing participation in sports activities and developing championship sports. Undoubtedly, the educational system of any country can make a great contribution to the development of sports and the recognition of talents and help the growth of championship sports, but according to the educational structure of the country, the efficiency and effectiveness of this system is not significant, so it seems that identifying the causes of this weakness and prioritizing it can greatly help to reduce this defect. budget, lack of hours of physical education lessons in schools, which the findings of most researches (Namazizadeh 2013, Tabesh 2015, Sajjadi 2013, Rezaei 2013, Koze Chian 2016, Hemmati 2013, Mozafari 2013, Hardman and Marshall 1990, Daniel 2007) refer to these factors.

    Abstract:

    Today, sport and participation of people in sports activities is worthy of study and attention as a social phenomenon. The most important function of this phenomenon is its rule in creating healthy community and this issue can be observed clearly by studying the effect of sport on the life of people who do it. Also, education has an important role in the growth and development of each society. The cultural, political and social promotion of societies depends on the attention of authorities, planners and qualitative and quantitative development of education in that country. The purpose of the present study is developmental-applied and its data collection is based on a descriptive survey research. The statistical population in this research involves all physical education teachers in primary schools of Tehran in the years 1392-1393. This research has been done in educational regions 1.4.8.13. The population of our sample is 460 people. This questionnaire that the researcher has made involves 32 questions with variables of cultural, financial, timing, motivational, mental and physical, managing and planning barriers. Our scale in this research is Liker which in it 1-5 points is allocated to each correct response. The sample size was determined with the help of Morgan table and included about 134 members.

  • Contents & References of Identifying obstacles to the development of basic sports in Tehran schools

    List:

    Chapter One: Research overview. 1

    1.1. Introduction. 2

    2.1. State the problem. 4

    3.1. The importance and necessity of research. 7

    4.1. Research objectives. 9

    1.4.1. General objectives of the research. 9

    2.4.1. Minor research objectives. 9

    5.1. Research assumptions. 9

    6.1. Research scope. 10

    7.1. Definitions of research words and terms. 10

    Chapter Two: Theoretical foundations and research background. 12

    1.2. Introduction. 13

    2.2. exercise 13

    1.2.2. The goals of physical education and sports. 15

    2.2.2. Hierarchy of sports. 15

    3.2.2. Problems caused by lack of physical activity. 17

    3.2. Development. 18

    1.3.2. Development and expansion of sports. 19

    2.3.2. Approaches to sport development. 21

    2.3.2. The challenge of government participation in sports development. 22

    1.3.3.2. The challenge of bottom-up development versus top-down development 22

    4.3.2. The need to plan development and progress in a specific sport. 23

    1.5.3.2. The model of pyramidal thoughts. 27

    7.2. Sports development pyramid model. 27

    2.5.3.2. Balyi model regarding the long-term development of champions (athletes) (LTA D) 28

    3.5.3.2. Côté's developmental model of sports participation (D M S P) 31

    4.5.3.2. Bailey and Morley's model regarding the development of gifted people. 32

    4.2. Basic exercise. 36

    5.2. Sports in schools. 41

    1.5.2. School sports in other countries. 44

    3.6.2. Problems of physical education lessons in schools. 48

    6.2. inhibiting factors. 51

    7.2. Literature and research background. 55

    1.7.2. Domestic background. 55

    2.7.2. Foreign background. 60

    9.2. Summary: 67

    The third chapter: research methodology. 69

    1.3. Introduction. 70

    2.3. Research method. 70

    4.3. Statistical sample and sampling method. 71

    5.3. Research variables. 71

    6.3. Measuring tool. 71

    7.3. Validity of measuring instruments. 72

    8.3. Reliability of measurement tools. 72

    9.3. Information gathering method. 73

    3-10 statistical analysis method of research. 78

    Chapter four: Analysis of research findings. 79

    1.4. Introduction. 102

    2.4. Descriptive statistics. 102

    1.2.4. Individual characteristics. 102

    1.1.2.4. How to distribute the sample under investigation based on marital status. 102

    2.1.2.4. How to distribute the sample under investigation based on age. 103

    3.1.2.4. How to distribute the sample under review based on educational qualification. 103

    2.2.4. Descriptive statistics of research variables. 104

    3.4. Inferential data analysis. 104

    1.3.4. Checking the normality of data distribution. 104

    2.3.4. Hypothesis testing. 105

    1.2.3.4. The first hypothesis. 105

    4.2.2.3.4. The second hypothesis. 105

    3.2.3.4. The third hypothesis. 106

    4.2.3.4. The fourth hypothesis. 106

    5.2.3.4. The fifth hypothesis. 107

    6.2.3.4. The sixth hypothesis. 107

    7.2.3.4. The seventh hypothesis. 108

    Chapter five: discussion and conclusion. 110

    1.5. Introduction. 111

    2.5. Summary of descriptive statistics. 111

    1.2.5. Individual characteristics. 111

    3.5.  Summary of inferential statistics. 111

    1.3.5. Checking the normality of data distribution. 111

    2.3.5. Discussion of hypothesis testing. 112

    1.2.3.5. Discussion of the first hypothesis. 112

    2.2.3.5. Discussion of the second hypothesis. 113

    3.2.3.5. Discussion of the third hypothesis. 114

    4.2.3.5. Discussion of the fourth hypothesis. 115

    5.2.3.5. Discussion of the fifth hypothesis. 116

    6.2.3.5. Discussion of the sixth hypothesis. 117

    7.2.3.5. Discussion of the seventh hypothesis. 118

    8.2.3.5. Discussion of the eighth hypothesis. 118

    4.5. Research limitations. 119

    1.4.5. Implementation restrictions. 119

    2.4.5. Methodological limitations. 119

    5.5. Research proposals. 120

    1.5.5. A suggestion based on the findings. 120

    2.5.5. Methodological suggestions. 120

    Sources: 121

                                                         

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Identifying obstacles to the development of basic sports in Tehran schools