Word Files
Reference for Downloading Educational Files
  2. Physical Education - Sports
  3. Determining the effects of aerobic exercise on maximum oxygen consumption and body composition of male athletes

Determining the effects of aerobic exercise on maximum oxygen consumption and body composition of male athletes

Number of pages: 94 File Format: word File Code: 31691
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Master's degree Category: Physical Education - Sports
Tags/Keywords: aerobic power - biological age - body composition - growth - Maximum oxygen consumption - physical fitness - reproductive system - teenage boys
  • Part of the Content
  • Contents & Resources

  • Summary of Determining the effects of aerobic exercise on maximum oxygen consumption and body composition of male athletes

    -1-1 Introduction

    Growth is a complex process that continues from the moment of sperm formation to the end of life. In fact, growth includes growth and swelling, which is the result of quantitative changes (hypertrophy and hyperplasia), and swelling includes qualitative changes in the functioning of body tissues and organs. In general, the growth curve of different body tissues is S-shaped? However, some reach their maximum development earlier (lymphatic system at 9 years old) and some later (genital system at 18 years old). The expansion of the reproductive system, which is known as puberty or sexual maturity, is a process in which the child acquires secondary sexual characteristics and finds reproductive capacity. The phenomenon of puberty does not happen instantly and in a short period of time, but the teenager goes through different stages to become an adult. So that his developmental course may take several years to find the body condition of an adult.

    Usually, the growth status of children is based on skeletal age,[31,32,33] age of onset of menstruation,[43,53,63,73] age of peak height velocity[83,93] or secondary sex characteristics[40,41] to precocious types (biological age more than one year). It is grouped under (average) chronological age (the difference between biological age and chronological age as much as ±1 year) and late (biological age more than one year more than chronological age) and children of the same age with different developmental status can be compared with each other [42]. These developments are genetic and are not affected by environmental factors; Therefore, the growth status of each person refers to his biological age and the use of calendar age in the classification of competitive levels of biological age does not take into account. This issue is especially important during puberty, when differences in strength, speed, and cardio-respiratory endurance become apparent among children of the same chronological age. Therefore, in addition to body size, children's sports medicine researchers should also control the condition of bloating [53,43]. Maximum aerobic capacity or maximum oxygen consumption, the most oxygen consumed during an exercise test, is an important criterion for measuring cardiovascular fitness and the best predictor of aerobic fitness, and is of interest to many sports physiologists [44, 46, 47].

    Many studies have investigated the growth of maximal aerobic capacity in children and adolescents and gender differences [48, 49, 50], which results indicate From the increase of maximum aerobic capacity from childhood to adolescence in both sexes, the values ??are higher for boys than for girls at all ages and the differences increase in adolescence. Most of the researches have been controlled or not [33,53,56,58].

    Childhood comes to the fore with the progressive increase of mechanical elements that determines vo2max, lungs, heart, skeletal muscle and also increases endurance performance. As a result, the absolute values ??of maximum aerobic power increase in proportion to the child's growth. From 6 to 12 years of age, the VO2 max of boys increases more than twice (from 1.2 L/min to 2.7 L/min) [1].

    In boys and girls in the years before puberty, VO2max increases linearly and the mean of boys is slightly higher than that of girls. This difference in the range of 6 to 11 years old is approximately 0.2 liters per minute (15 to 19 percent difference), and at 12 years old, the absolute values ??of VO2max in boys are 25 percent higher than in girls. In short, this difference in boys during maximum sports activity is approximately 12 to 15% more than girls of the same age [1].

    Drinkwater[1] 1984 and Sparling[2] 1980. In a meta-analysis that was conducted in 13 studies of girls and boys, it showed that VO2max was expressed in liters per minute per kilogram per minute, and milliliters per kilogram of net body weight.In the meta-analysis that was conducted in 13 studies of girls and boys, it showed that the expression of VO2max in liters per minute per kilogram per minute, and milliliters per kilogram of net body weight by gender, respectively, was 56, 28, and 15% different between men and women. A similar analysis of women and men trained in the same sports showed differences of 52, 19, and 9 percent [1].

    Rowland[3] and colleagues (2000). They compared the values ??of vo2 max during the bicycle test between 25 boys (12 ± 4% years old) and 24 girls (11.7 ± 5% years old). The vo2max values ??related to the weight of boys and girls were 47.2 ± 6.1 and 40.4 ± 5.8 ml per kilogram per minute obtained (17% difference). If vo2max is expressed in relation to net weight, the difference is reduced to 6%. [1].

    Rowland et al. 1999. The relationship between 1.6 km running and VO2max was investigated with a bicycle test in 36 6th grade boys in a school. The correlation coefficient between Vo2max (per kilogram) and 1.6 km running speed r = 0.77 was similar to other studies in adults[1]. (1980) shows that 5-year-old boys can run 1.6 km in an average of 13 minutes and 46 seconds. Ten years later, at the age of 15, they can run the same distance in 7 minutes and 14 seconds, which shows an almost 100% improvement in running speed. However, between 5 and 15 years of age, VO2max did not change relative to body weight and remained constant at around 50 ml/kg/min, the difference being even more pronounced in girls. Although the average running time of 1.6 km decreases from 15 minutes and 8 seconds at 5 years of age to 10 minutes and 5 seconds at 15 years of age, VO2max per kilogram in practice decreases from approximately 50 milliliters per kilogram per minute to 40 milliliters per kilogram per minute. [1]

    According to the differences between people of different ages, we decided to find out if there is a difference in terms of aerobic capacity, physical fitness and body composition of athletic boys between people who are in different stages of puberty in terms of biological age? And is the effect of aerobic exercise on vo2max, physical fitness and body composition of male athletes the same in different stages of puberty? Because the grouping of people is usually based on chronological age; While two opponents may have many differences in biological age, which is the determining factor in one of them's success. However, biological age is a much better indicator than chronological age for describing growth, because chronological age only shows the time after birth and is not suitable for introducing individual changes in growth rate. Fortunately, symptoms related to physiological maturation events occur in all people, and all of them have a specific end point; Therefore, they can be used to explain the fact that a child is behind or ahead of his peers in terms of development. Factors that are alternately used include skeletal system swelling, age swelling at peak height velocity, menstrual age, and sexual swelling.

    Since many physiological components of performance change with growth and development, and biological age is better in predicting sports performance than age, aerobic capacity, muscle strength, muscular endurance, and movement skills are affected by biological swelling. [43]

    In various researches, body size and body composition, physical fitness, strength, muscular endurance, and anaerobic power of children and adolescents have been investigated according to their growth status, and significant correlations between maximum aerobic power and age of onset of menstruation, age of PHV, secondary sexual characteristics, and skeletal age have been obtained.

  • Contents & References of Determining the effects of aerobic exercise on maximum oxygen consumption and body composition of male athletes

    List:

    None.  

    Source:

    Thomas W., Roland, (2013), Children's Sports Physiology, translated by Abbas Ali Gaini, Nadakhaldi, Samt Publications

    Robars Matt, (2011), Physical Preparation Guide for a Healthy Life 1, translated by Abolfazl Farahani, Mohammad Reza Asad, Behrouzjale Dost, Payam Noor Publications

    Hemtinejad , Mehr Ali and Rahmani Nia, Farhad, (1375). Measurement and measurement in physical education, Payam Noor University Publications, Zakari Hamidreza, Khalilian Alireza, Fallah Abolqasem. Fall of 2010, determination of maturity stages and height and weight curves of 7-17 year old student boys in Sari city in the academic year 78-79. Scientific Research Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Year 11. Number 33

    Al-Raaya Ashraf Amin, Mirmiran Parvin, Hamidi Parvin, Azizi Fereydoun. (July-September 1375) Investigation of different stages of puberty in girls in East Tehran (1373). The research journal of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, year 20, number 2

    Azizi Fereydoun, 1366, glandular physiology, academic Jihad, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran

    Azizi F, Farzin F, Habibi M et al., Shahrivar 1366, investigation of different stages of puberty in girls in East Tehran, Daru Roman magazine, fourth year

    Birang Sherin, Bahar 1377, examination of the bone age of people less than 18 years old in Tehran based on the bone growth of the wrist, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Vice President of Research,

    Robert Malina, Claude Boushar, (1381) Development, growth and physical activity translated by Hassan Khalji, Abbas Bahram. Nashramidansh

    Gary, Anatomy of Gray, 1366, translated by Farhad Samii, Chehar Publications

    Jack H. Willmore and Davidal Casteel, (1388) Sports Physiology and Physical Activity, volume two, translated by Zia Moini, Farhad Rahmaninia, Hamid Rajabi, Hamid Aghaalinejad, Fatemeh Salami, Motbakaran Publications, seventh edition

    Gen M. Adams, (1392), Sports Physiology Laboratory Guide, translators: Farhad Rahmaninia, Hamid Rajabi, Abbas Ali Gaini, Hossein Mojtahdi, Hatmi Publications, second edition

    Sheikh, Mahmoud, (1382), Measurement and Measurement in Physical Training, Bamdad Kitab Publications

    Mojtahdi Hossein, (1387), Measurement and Measurement in Physical Training, Isfahan University Publications

    Hadavi Farideh, 78-80 (1383), measurement and evaluation in physical education, Tehran, Tarbiat Moalem University

    Hossein Abadi, Fariba and Ahrari, Mohammad, (1377), evaluation and comparison of general physical fitness of secondary school female students participating in the 5th sports Olympiad across Kerman country

    Hamaytalab, Rasoul, (1388) Measurement and measurement in physical education and sports sciences, Science and Science Publications Harak

    Ardestani, Abbas, (2013), physical fitness, Iran textbook publishing

    Khodadad, Ahmad, (‎1369), general principles of physical fitness, Tehran publications

    Fedai Chafi, Mohammad Reza, (2013), effects of aerobic exercise and caloric restriction on serum leptin and insulin resistance index of obese boys in different stages of puberty, doctoral thesis of Gilan University

    Rahmani Nia, Farhad and Hojjati, Zahra, summer (1379), the effect of a selected exercise program on the body composition and aerobic capacity of student girls, Hakat magazine, number 5,

    Danesh Paror, Hamidreza, (1380), examining the different stages of puberty in Tehrani boys and comparing it with the age of 15 years, Journal of Forensic Science, 7th year, number 25

    Agha Malek, Nasreen, Shabkhiz, Fatemeh, Qojeh Lee, Afsana Yazatar (2010), comparison of the effect of two methods of mixed and aerobic physical activity on increasing the level of physical fitness of female students of the University of Tehran, Hakarat No. 8,

    Ziaber, Abazar, (2012), Correlation between different items of the physical fitness test related to health (ifred test), Gilan University Master's Thesis

    Rossi, Aliasghar, Sohri, Daud Fashi, Shaheswar and Karkan, Masoumeh (1383), Correlation between aerobic tests of shuttle run, one mile soft run and Queen's step in estimating Vo2max of 16-17 year old male students, Olympic Quarterly, Year 12, Number 1,

    Fazli Far, Saeed, summer (1385), comparing the physical fitness status of 77 to 75 year old male students from Amel city, Harkam publication

    Qarakhanlou Reza, Mahmoodabadi Reza, Agha Alinejad Hamid, Mahmoubadi Mehdi, winter (2016), evaluation of changes in body composition and VO2max and correlation between them in boys 11-18 years old, Olympic Quarterly, year 15, number 4

    Sarlak Zahra, Shojaei Masoumeh, Ghaini Abbasali, Kashi Ali, summer (2017), comparison of maximal oxygen consumptionAdams, (1392), Sports Physiology Laboratory Guide, translators: Farhad Rahmaninia, Hamid Rajabi, Abbas Ali Gaini, Hossein Mojtahdi, Hatmi Publications, second edition

    Sheikh, Mahmoud, (1382), Measurement and Measurement in Physical Education, Bamdad Kitab Publications

    Mojtahdi Hossein, (1387), Measurement and Measurement in Physical Education, Isfahan University Publications

    Hadavi Farideh, 78-80 (1383), measurement and evaluation in physical education, Tehran, Tarbiat Moalem University

    Hossein Abadi, Fariba and Ahrari, Mohammad, (1377), evaluation and comparison of general physical fitness of secondary school female students participating in the 5th sports Olympiad across Kerman country

    Hamaytalab, Rasoul, (1388) Measurement and measurement in physical education and sports sciences, Science and Science Publications Harak

    Ardestani, Abbas, (1392), physical fitness, Iranian textbook publishing

    Khodadad, Ahmad, (‎1369), general principles of physical fitness, Tehran publications

    Fedai Chafi, Mohammad Reza, (1393), effects of aerobic exercise and caloric restriction on serum leptin and insulin resistance index of obese boys in different stages of puberty, Gilan University doctoral thesis

    Rahmani Nia, Farhad and Hojjati, Zahra, summer (1379), the effect of a selected exercise program on the body composition and aerobic capacity of female students, Hakat magazine, number 5,

    Danesh Paror, Hamidreza, (1380), examining the different stages of puberty in Tehrani boys and comparing it with the age of 15 years, Journal of Forensic Science, 7th year, number 25

    Agha Malik, Nasreen, Shabkhiz, Fatemeh, Qojeh Lee, Afsana Yazatar (2010), comparison of the effect of two methods of mixed and aerobic physical activity on increasing the level of physical fitness of female students of the University of Tehran, Hakaret magazine No. 8,

    Ziaber, Abazar, (2012), Correlation between different items of the health-related physical fitness test (ifred test), Gilan University master's thesis

    Rossi, Aliasghar, Sohri, Daud Fashi, Shaheswar and Karkan, Masoumeh (1383), Correlation between aerobic tests of shuttle run, one mile soft run and Queen's step in estimating Vo2max of 16-17 year old male students, Olympic Quarterly, Year 12, Number 1,

    Fazlifar, Saeed, summer (1385), comparative study of physical fitness status of 77-75 year old male students of Amel city, Harkam publication

    Qarakhanlou Reza, Mahmoodabadi Reza, Agha Alinejad Hamid, Mahmoubadi Mehdi, winter (2016), evaluating the trend of changes in body composition and VO2max and the correlation between them in boys 11-18 years old, Olympic Quarterly, year 15, number 4

    Sarlak Zahra, Shojaei Masoumeh, Ghaini Abbasali, Kashi Ali, summer (2017), comparing the maximum oxygen consumption of young non-athletic girls with different inflation status, Olympic Quarterly, year 16, number 2

    Alizadeh Mohammad Hossein, Rahimi Alireza, Haqvardi Ruhollah, spring (2013), the effect of 6 weeks of parallel and circular training on the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of teenage boy soccer players, Sports Sciences Quarterly, second year, number three

    Robabe Qargarhchi, Shaari Neda, Khordad and Tir (2013), puberty age and its relationship with body mass index in Tabriz girls, medical journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, vol. 33, No. 2

     

     

     

    Latin Sources

    Bouchard, C. (1988). "Aerobic performance in brothers, dizygotic and monozygotic twins". Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 18, 639

    Bouchard, C.; R.M. Malina; W. Holmann and C. Leblanc (1976). "Relation between skeletal maturity and submaximal working capacity in boys 8 to 18 years". Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 8(3), 186-190.

    Kemper, H.C.; R. Verschuur and J.W. Ritmeester (1987). "Longitudinal development of growth and fitness in early and late maturing teenagers". Pediatrician, 14(4), 219-225.

    Babington, James Patrick, PhD (1998). Maturational pace and athletic potential. Indiana university.

    Baxter-Jones, A.D.; J. C. Eisenmann and L.B. Sherar (2005). "Controlling for maturation in pediatric exercise science". Pediatric Exercise Science, 17, 18-30.

    Beunen, G.P.; D.M. Rogers; B. Woynarowska and R.M. Malina (1997). "Longitudinal study of ontogenetic allometry of oxygen uptake in boys and girls grouped by maturity status". Annals of Human Biology, 24(1), 33-43.

    Cunningham, D.A.; D. H. Paterson; C.J.R. Blimkie and A.P. Donner (1984). "Development of cardiopulmonary

    Beunen, G.; A.D.G. Baxter-Jones; R. L. Mirwald; M. Thomis; J. Lefevre; R.M. Malina and D.A. Bailey (2002). "Intraindividual allometric development of aerobic power in 8-to 16-year-old boys". Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(3), 503-510

    Hagg, U. and J. Taranger (1992). Pubertal growth and maturity pattern in early and late maturers. A prospective longitudinal study of Swedish urban children". Swedish Dent Journal, 16(5), 199-209.

    Baxter-Jones, A.D.; H. Goldstein and P. Helms (1993). "The development of aerobic power in young athletes". Journal of Applied Physiology, 75, 1160-1167

    Jones, M.A.; P.J. Hitchen and G. Stratton (2000). "The importance of considering biological maturity when assessing physical fitness measures in girls and boys aged 10 to 16 years". Annals of Human Biology, 27(1), 57-65.

    Malina, R.M.; C. Bouchard; O. Bar-Or (2004). Growth, maturation, and physical activity (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

     

     

    Baxter-Jones, A.D. (1995). "Growth and development of young athletes". Sports medicine, 20, 59-64.

    Armstrong, N.; J.R. Welsman. Maximal oxygen uptake; age, sex and maturity of children. Physical Education Association Research Center.

    Armstrong, N.; J.R. Welshman; A.M. Nevill and B.J. Kirby (1999). "Modeling growth and maturation changes in peak oxygen uptake in 11-13 yr olds". Journal of Applied Physiology, 87, 2230-2236.

    Armstrong, N.; J.R. Welsman and R. Winsley (1996). "Is peak VO2 a maximal index of children's aerobic fitness?" International Journal of Sports Medicine, 17, 356-359.

    Howley, E.T.; D. R. Bassett and H.G. Welch (1995). "Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary". Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 27(9), 1292-1301.

    Armstrong, N.; B.J. Kirby; A.M. McManus and J.R. Welsman (1995). "Aerobic fitness of prepubescent children". Annals of Human Biology, 22(5), 427-441.

    Geithner, C.A. and et al. (2004). "Growth in peak aerobic power during adolescence". Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 36(9), 1616-1624.

    Kemper H.C.; and R. Verschuur (1987). "Longitudinal study of maximal aerobic power in teenagers". Annals of Human Biology, 14(5), 435-44.

Determining the effects of aerobic exercise on maximum oxygen consumption and body composition of male athletes
How To Access The File
Related Contents:
Number of pages: 67 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Physical Education, Sports Physiology, Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate and compare the effect of seven weeks of continuous and periodic aerobic exercises on the aerobic capacity and body composition of 13-17-year-old non-athlete girls. For this purpose, 22 non-athlete students with an average age of 15 ± 2 years, weight ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Master's Degree in Physical Education (Sports Physiology) Abstract Objective: The aim of the research was to determine the time-dependent effect of short-term intense interval training on the dynamics of oxygen absorption in girls. Methodology: For this purpose, 40 female students of Arak University with an average age of 25 ± 5 years, weight 54.30 ± 10.390 kg and height 162.5 ± ...

Number of pages: 126 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Master's Degree in Physical Education (Sports Physiology) Abstract Objective: The aim of the research was to determine the time-dependent effect of short-term intense interval training on the dynamics of oxygen absorption in girls. Methodology: For this purpose, 40 female students of Arak University with an average age of 25 ± 5 years, weight 54.30 ± 10.390 kg and height 162.5 ± ...

Number of pages: 49 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Physical Education and Sports Science, Sports Physiology, Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of diet and aerobic exercise on the body composition of inactive obese women. The statistical sample of this research includes 45 people. The women of the experimental group were randomly divided into 3 ...

Number of pages: 85 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Academic Thesis for Master's Degree Field: Physical Education Major: Sports Physiology Abstract High blood pressure is one of the chronic non-communicable diseases that has become an epidemic in recent decades. Studies show that this disease is more and more pronounced among obese, overweight and sedentary people. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation ...

Number of pages: 67 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Field: Physical Education Major: Sports Physiology Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and body mass index and waist circumference in 8-10-year-old student boys in Rasht city. For this purpose, 324 students were selected by cluster-random sampling method and participated in the research. At first, height ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of physical education, orientation: sports science. Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of plyometric training on agility, explosive power, and speed of 21-17-year-old male badminton players. The research subjects were 40 elite male badminton players aged 17-21, who were randomly divided into ...

Number of pages: 73 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Physical Education Abstract: Introduction: Exercise has positive effects on the cardiovascular system and increases the ability of the body's muscles, in the meantime, the respiratory system also becomes more capable. Compared to other sports activities, swimming puts all the body parts in a state of exercise and has a greater effect on the ...

Number of pages: 77 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Academic Thesis for Master's Degree Field: Physical Education Major: Sports Science Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of selected plyometric exercises on agility, explosive power and speed of 17-21-year-old male badminton players. The research subjects were 40 elite male badminton players aged 17-21, who were randomly divided into two equal ...

Number of pages: 59 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Master's thesis in the field of physical education and sports sciences, majoring in sports physiology. Abstract The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of three types of music (loud, soft, and loud) on the results of physical fitness tests. 16 healthy overnight students voluntarily participated in the tests with the average age (22.6±2.38 years), height ...