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  3. The effect of intermittent aerobic training on weight and body fat percentage of adolescent girls

The effect of intermittent aerobic training on weight and body fat percentage of adolescent girls

Number of pages: 89 File Format: word File Code: 31676
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Master's degree Category: Physical Education - Sports
Tags/Keywords: Body fat percentage - body mass index - Intermittent aerobic exercise - Interval training - teenage girls - weight
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  • Summary of The effect of intermittent aerobic training on weight and body fat percentage of adolescent girls

    Dissertation:

    To receive a master's degree

    in the field of physical education and sports science (sports physiology orientation)

    Key words: aerobic training, weight, body fat percentage, adolescent girls

    Abstract

    The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of periodic aerobic training on the weight and body fat percentage of teenage girls. For this purpose, 30 students aged 15-17 from the city of Garmi in Ardabil province were selected as a sample using a purposive sampling method, and they were divided into two experimental (age, height, weight) and control (age, height, weight) groups of 15 people. Implementation method: 15 subjects (experimental group) underwent intermittent aerobic activity during 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session lasted 45 minutes, and the second 15 subjects (control group) did not do any exercise during 8 weeks, and the weight and percentage of fat, body fat mass, fat-free mass, and body mass index of the subjects were measured before and after 8 weeks of intermittent aerobic training. For analysis. And comparing the data, independent t and correlated t statistical tests were used. The results showed that weight, body fat percentage, fat weight, body mass index decreased significantly in the experimental group. While fat-free weight increased significantly in the experimental group and there was no significant difference in weight, body fat percentage, fat weight, fat-free weight, body mass index in the control group. Also, the difference of these variables between the experimental and control groups was significant in the last stage. Conclusion: It seems that interval training with more diversity and advantages and less fatigue can be a suitable method to reduce weight and fat percentage and should be given more attention.

    Introduction

    Activity and mobility are an inseparable part of human life, which have been mentioned in specific ways in human life in every period. physical education and physical activities have found a special place. Today's machine life of man has caused him to stay away from activity and this lack of movement has removed vitality and freshness from his body and has replaced it with the dangerous factor of obesity. Abdomen) is a good predictor of getting diseases in the future. According to the results of this research, the most important health disorders that are related to an increase in body fat, especially in the abdomen and waist areas, are: hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, breast, uterus, and prostate cancer, respiratory diseases, structural abnormalities, heart function, and depression. In the abdominal area, they have determined the mortality rate (Kanait, 1979; Faranin, 1993).

    The importance of body composition and its relationship with health cannot be ignored. It is necessary to evaluate the composition of the body in order to determine its optimal level (Despres, 1991).

    In recent years, the prevalence of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents has grown a lot and has now become a serious problem in the world (Aftakhari et al., 2016; Akbari et al., 2016). The main cause of obesity is not known correctly, but it seems that factors such as changes in eating patterns, consumption of snacks, prepared foods, consumption of soft drinks, sedentary life such as watching too much TV, using computers and computer games, especially reducing body activity, are effective in this field. Doing moderate to vigorous activity for at least 6 minutes a day and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle during adolescence can prevent obesity. According to the definition of the World Health Organization, physical activity is any movement that is caused by the movement of skeletal muscles and consumes energy. This organization recommends at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week for people aged 5 to 17, especially during adolescence. Prevention of obesity helps (Manson et al., 2008; Fulhelm et al., 1999).Therefore, sports activity improves the quality of life because it increases the energy level and promotes physical and mental health, and also helps with diseases caused by inactivity (such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, osteoporosis, etc.) be controlled. This evaluation also helps to design the training programs of athletes. It is well known that a high percentage of body fat (less net mass in the body) is associated with an increased risk of diseases, on the other hand, a high percentage of net body mass and low fat mass are associated with sports success and complete health (Gaini and Debidi Roshan, 2017).

    Statement of the problem

    Body weight increase is the result of an imbalance between energy intake and consumption. Physical activity is the most important factor in energy consumption and plays a significant role in weight regulation. increase and increase cardio-respiratory endurance. For anyone pursuing fitness goals, aerobic exercise should be a valued part of life. These exercises cause weight loss in obese people whose body fat is more than normal by reducing body fat (Ghaini and Rajabi, 2007). Obesity is the most important nutritional health problem of adolescents in developed countries. Today, the prevalence of obesity is increasing in developing countries due to changes in lifestyle, modernization and urbanization (Bajan et al., 2014). Inactivity is the source of many chronic diseases and is rooted in childhood and adolescent habits (Wagner et al., 2004; Manson et al., 1991). Considering the high population of adolescent girls in Iran, the high vulnerability of this group, the extent and importance of the obesity problem in the later periods of life, and the limitation of information resources in this field, it is necessary to study adolescent girls (Bajan et al., 2014). Performing physical activity during adolescence increases self-confidence and prevents obesity, depression, and makes the body fit and is a basis for the activity pattern in adulthood (Magneson et al., 2008; Fulhelm et al., 1999). In the field of the effect of aerobic exercise on weight and fat percentage, little research has been done on teenage girls. These subjects are related to overweight and obesity, but there is no relationship between diet pattern and overweight and obesity (Zarei et al., 2019). In the studies of Branson and Wall, the increase in energy intake was also reported as the reason for the increase in the incidence of obesity in adolescents. Aerobic exercises can reduce body fat, and to reduce body fat, low-intensity aerobic exercises are more effective than intense exercises (Gaini and Rajabi, 2017). Due to the limited information as well as contradictory research that has been presented in the field of teenagers' activity and their weight changes, and previous researches have been mostly conducted on men, and because the number of women at risk of obesity in our country is more than men, so teenage girls should be given more attention. Therefore, this research will be conducted on warm teenage girls of Ardabil province. And it will help the examiner to determine whether aerobic exercise has more effect on the weight of teenage girls or their body fat percentage? Importance and necessity of research The health behaviors of teenage girls are effective on their health and the health and development of society (Najat et al., 2017). Adolescent sports for various reasons can be effective in promoting health and at the top of the priorities related to adolescent health (Pender et al., 2002). Planning around the health of teenagers is very important considering the behaviors and risk factors of this period. Therefore, teenagers should be given the opportunity to be physically active and provide the ground for their growth and perfection and physical development will emerge in them. (Najat et al., 1387)

    Regular physical activity is important in all stages of life, especially childhood and adolescence, and its beneficial effects on the physical, intellectual and psychological development of children and adolescents should not be ignored.

  • Contents & References of The effect of intermittent aerobic training on weight and body fat percentage of adolescent girls

    List:

    Chapter 1 (general research)

    Introduction. 2

    Statement of the problem. 4

    The importance and necessity of research. 5

    Assumptions. 7

    Research objectives. 8

    Theoretical and operational definition of variables 8

    Chapter Two (theoretical foundations and research literature)

    Introduction. 12

    Obesity and overweight. 13

    Causes of obesity. 14

    Complications of obesity and overweight. 15

    What is body composition? 15

    Effective factors in the composition of the human body. 16

    body parts and their roles 19

    fat-free mass. 19

    Relative body fat. 20

    Fats 20

    The nature of fats 20

    The role of fat in the body. 21

    Essential fat and unnecessary fat or storage 21

    Fat balance in sports training. 23

    The role of exercise in weight loss and control. 24

    Combination of body and exercise. 25

    The effects of exercise on the growth and maturity of children and adolescents. 26

    Aerobic activity. 27

    Research background. 29

    Summary of theoretical foundations and research literature. 37

    The third chapter (research method)

    Introduction. 40

    Research method. 41

    Statistical society. 41

    Statistical sample and sampling method. 41

    Information collection tools. 41

    Research variables. 42

    Research limitations. 42

    Method of data collection 42

    Measuring weight and height. 43

    Measuring fat percentage. 43

    The place and important points in measuring subcutaneous fat are: 44

    Statistical tools. 46

    Chapter four (statistical analysis)

    Introduction. 48

    Description of findings 49

    Inferential analysis of findings 49

    Sixth hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the weight of adolescent girls in the experimental and control groups. 54

    Chapter five (discussion and conclusion)

    Discussion

    Research suggestions

    Appendix 68

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