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  3. The effect of strength, endurance and parallel exercises on the heart function of Pars Khodro company's supervisor

The effect of strength, endurance and parallel exercises on the heart function of Pars Khodro company's supervisor

Number of pages: 91 File Format: word File Code: 31665
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Master's degree Category: Physical Education - Sports
Tags/Keywords: Endurance training - heart function - Heart function of workers - Parallel exercise - Sports activities - Strength training
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  • Summary of The effect of strength, endurance and parallel exercises on the heart function of Pars Khodro company's supervisor

    Dissertation to get a degree. In the field of physical education and sports sciences

    the trend of sports physiology

    abstract

    The efficiency and performance of different body devices is effective in the ability to perform sports activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance, strength and parallel exercises on heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and PR distance in the workers of Pars Khodro Company. In order to carry out this study, 40 employees of Pars Khodro were purposefully selected as a research sample. The criteria for the selection of the subjects was to have complete cardiovascular health, no disease and no history of regular sports activity. The samples were randomly divided into four control groups (10 people), endurance training (10 people), strength training (10 people) and parallel training (10 people), and the training program of the groups was carried out three days a week, the variables were measured before and after the activity, heart rate and PR interval size, the subjects with electrocardiography and diastolic/systolic blood pressure using The mercury sphygmomanometer was measured. Before measuring the variables, the height, weight, and body fat percentage variables were calculated by measuring subcutaneous fat at three points on the arm, upper arm, and thigh. Based on the results of this study, it was shown that parallel exercises are more compatible with the hearts of Pars Khodro workers compared to strength and endurance exercises. style="direction: rtl;">Introduction:

    The heart is one of the strongest muscles of the body and also one of the most important and vital organs of the body, which like other muscles, training and exercise improves its health and performance. The less muscle
    is used, its strength decreases day by day, it becomes weaker until it completely fails.

    All forms of exercise such as strength and flexibility exercises may not have such a positive effect on the heart, but it definitely has a significant effect on other body parts, and this makes all body parts
    The head is in good condition and it means that the heart no longer needs to do hard and bulky work to pump blood and nutrients and it performs its actions very easily and easily without any pressure. As a result, the heart suffers less damage and wear. Therefore, exercise increases the quality of life and reduces the risk of death. The ability to perform sports activities depends on the efficiency and performance of different body systems. During exercise, the blood flow from the skin, kidneys and viscera flows to the working muscles, the resistance of the peripheral vessels decreases, the difference between the maximum and half blood pressure increases, and the breathing rate increases. Carrying out regular and planned sports exercises leads to changes between the athlete and others. In line with this research, we intend to investigate the effect of strength, endurance and parallel exercises on the heart function of car repair workers. has a special For this reason, sports experts have proposed parallel training as a new method that includes a set of physical fitness factors. Parallel training is the simultaneous implementation of several types of exercises (such as strength and endurance exercises). Compared to separate strength and endurance exercises, this type of exercise improves body composition and cardiovascular health.. Compared to separate strength and endurance exercises, this type of exercise improves body composition and cardiovascular health. On the other hand, the efficiency and performance of different body systems is effective in the ability to perform sports activities. The cardiovascular system is responsible for the main task of transporting oxygen and nutrients to various tissues and active muscles and returning metabolic waste products to the excretory organs (Roberges and Scott O, 2014: pp. 27-29).

    In fact, with regular and long exercise, the body structure undergoes changes that make the heart of athletes It distinguishes with non-athletes. (De Vered et al.[1], 2005), these structural changes in the heart lead to the improvement of its systolic and diastolic function, which is different from the pathological changes of the heart. the duration of exercise; level of primary physical preparation; It depends on heredity and gender (Hekinen et al. [3], 2001). In dynamic sports activities, systolic blood pressure increases significantly, while diastolic blood pressure does not change significantly. Due to the increase in return blood volume, the continuation of the activity in this exercise increases the diastole volume of the left ventricle (increase in preload), which leads to an increase in stroke volume capabilities and the ejection fraction of the untrained heart. Reducing the heart rate is the most important performance adaptation that is observed as a result of this type of sports activities. Since during physical activity, the arteries of the active tissues in the heart, especially the muscles, expand, and more blood must be pumped, so the heart does more work, which causes the heart muscle's need for oxygen to increase, and as a result, the vessels that deliver blood to the heart expand to match the increase in the heart muscle's need for blood. Increase the amount of blood
    sent to the heart muscle. (Leng Deo and Poult [4], 2001; Vinrino et al. [5], 2002).

    In strength sports, due to breath retention (Valsalva), the decrease in blood return increases significantly. As a result, following the physiological response of the blood circulation system, the number of heartbeats and the average blood pressure are increased. In this type of activities, the stroke volume and cardiac output are lower compared to the dynamic activity pattern. For this reason, the efficiency of the cardio-respiratory device is less. (Makan et al. [6], 2005) Strength training increases the production of contractile proteins and muscle hypertrophy, especially in high tension fibers (Eddington and Edgerton, 2006), which may be parallel to the decrease in the volume density of mitochondria. Also, strength training increases muscle strength, increases lean mass and decreases body fat percentage. Although strength training is not a major method in improving aerobic performance, however, doing some strength training in a circular form also increases aerobic power. In people who engage in strength sports, a group of physiological reactions is created. A decrease in heart rate is one of the prominent characteristics of these people, and the enlargement of both heart ventricles can be clearly seen in the plain chest photo of these people. This size of the heart, which is considered abnormal in a non-athlete, should not be mistaken as a heart disease in athletes. Strength training for 2 to 3 days a week every other day for 8-10 minutes and repeating 10-15 times should be done to have the desired result. (Shaw, B.S.; I. Shaw 2000)

    The effect of the combination of strength and endurance training on aerobic capacity and short-term endurance was first started in 1980 by Hickson, Rosenkoter, and Brown (Kahermanlou et al., 2016). Many recent researches state that the combination of endurance and strength training creates disturbances in the improvement of physical fitness factors. (Vinrino et al., 2002).

    Balabins et al. also observed greater improvement in endurance and strength as a result of combined training compared to endurance and strength training.

  • Contents & References of The effect of strength, endurance and parallel exercises on the heart function of Pars Khodro company's supervisor

    List:

    Abstract. 1

    The first chapter of the general research. 2

    Introduction: 2

    Problem Statement: 2

    × Isometric. 7

    × isotonic. 8

    × isokinetic. 8

    Importance and necessity: 9

    Assumptions. 11

    Main hypothesis: 11

    Sub-hypotheses: 11

    Questions: 12

    Main question. 12

    Subquestions. 12

    Goals: 13

    Main goal: 13

    Sub-goals: 13

    Terms and concepts: 13

    ×    Resistance. 13

    ×    Resistance exercises. 14

    ×    Power. 15

    ×    Strength training. 16

    ×    Endurance. 17

    × Cardiorespiratory endurance. 17

    ×    Muscular endurance. 17

    × Endurance training. 18

    ×    The mechanism of lowering blood pressure by exercise. 18

    Chapter Two Theoretical foundations and research literature. 21

    2-1 Introduction. 21

    2-2 Theoretical foundations. 22

    2-2-1 hypertension. 23

    2-2-2 maximum oxygen consumption. 25

    2-3 research background. 27

    2-3-1 Internal studies. 27

    The third chapter of research methodology. 38

    1- Introduction. 38

    2- Research problem. 39

    3- Research method. 39

    3- 1- Training program. 41

    3-1-1- Endurance training program. 41

    3-1-2- Strength training program. 42

    3-1-3- parallel training program. 43

    4- Information gathering tool. 43

    5- The method of determining the sample size. 43

    7- Measurement of heart functional variables. 44

    8-Electrocardiography method. 45

    8-1-Electrocardiogram. 45

    8- 2-How to interpret the results. 46

    9- Information analysis method. 46

    11- Conceptual model. 47

    12- Definition of conceptual model research variables. 48

    13- Summary. 52

    Chapter 4 Statistical analysis of the effect of strength, endurance and parallel exercises on the heart function of workers. 53

    4-1. Introduction: 53

    4-2- Descriptive statistics. 53

    4-2-1 table of estimation of average and standard deviation of age of workers in 4 groups. 54

    Age chart of workers in endurance training group: 54

    Age chart of workers in strength training group: 55

    Age chart of workers in parallel training group: 55

    4-2-2 Table of estimation of average and standard deviation of weight (kg) of workers in 4 groups. 56

    The weight chart of the workers in the endurance training group: 57

    The weight chart of the workers in the strength training group: 57

    The weight chart of the workers in the parallel training group: 58

    4-2-3 Table of estimation of the average and standard deviation of the height (cm) of the workers in 4 groups. 59

    Height chart of workers in endurance training group: 59

    Height chart of workers in strength training group: 60

    Height chart of workers in parallel training group: 60

    4-2-4 Estimated table of mean and standard deviation of fat percentage of workers in 4 groups. 61

    Chart of fat percentage of workers in the endurance training group: 61

    Chart of fat percentage of workers in the strength training group: 62

    Chart of fat percentage of workers in the parallel training group: 62

    4-2-5 table of estimation of mean and standard deviation of the pre-test and post-test index of heart rate of workers in each 4 groups. 63

    4-6-2 table of estimation of mean and standard deviation of pre-test and post-test index of the size of PR intervals in workers of all 4 groups. 64

    7-2-4 Table of estimation of mean and standard deviation of pre-test and post-test of systolic blood pressure index (mmHg) in workers of each 4 groups 65

    8-2-4 Table of estimate of mean and standard deviation of pre-test and post-test diastolic blood pressure index (mmHg) in workers of each 4 groups 66

    3-4- Part II: Inferential statistics. 66

    - Normality and fit test. 66

    4-3-1- Estimation table of normality test of indicators in workers of all 4 groups. 67

    Hypothesis testing: 68

    1. The first hypothesis: "Strength exercises have a significant effect in reducing the heart rate of workers of Pars Khodro Company". 68

    4-3-2- t-test estimation table of strength exercises in reducing the heart rate of workers. 68

    4-3-3- Estimation table of descriptive statistics of heart rate in pre-test and post-test. 68

    2. The second hypothesis: "Strength exercises have a significant effect in reducing the systolic blood pressure of the workers of Pars Khodro Company". 70

    4-3-4- t-test estimation table of strength training in reducing blood pressure70

    4-3-4- t-test estimation table of strength exercises in reducing systolic blood pressure of workers. 70

    4-3-5- Table of descriptive statistics of systolic blood pressure in pre-test and post-test. 70

    3. The third hypothesis: "Strength exercises have a significant effect in reducing the diastolic blood pressure of the workers of Pars Khodro Company". 71

    4-3-6- t test estimation table of strength exercises in reducing diastolic blood pressure of workers. 71

    4-3-7- Table estimation of descriptive statistics of diastolic blood pressure in pre-test and post-test. 71

    4. The fourth hypothesis: "Strength exercises have a significant effect on the PR distance of Pars Khodro company workers". 72

    4-3-8- t-test estimation table in strength training in the PR interval of workers. 72

    4-3-9- Descriptive statistics of PR interval in pre-test and post-test. 72

    5. The fifth hypothesis: "endurance exercises have a significant effect in reducing the heart rate of Pars Khodro company workers". 74

    4-3-10- t-test estimation table of endurance exercises in reducing the heart rate of workers. 74

    4-3-11- Table of descriptive statistics estimation of heart rate in pre-test and post-test. 74

    6. Sixth hypothesis: "endurance exercises have a significant effect on reducing systolic blood pressure of Pars Khodro company workers". 75

    4-3-12 - t-test estimation table of endurance exercises in reducing systolic blood pressure. 75

    4-3-13- Estimation table of descriptive statistics of systolic blood pressure in pre-test and post-test. 75

    7. The seventh hypothesis: "Endurance exercises have a significant effect in reducing diastolic blood pressure of workers of Pars Khodro Company". 77

    4-3-14- t-test estimation table of endurance exercises in systolic blood pressure of workers. 77

    4-3-15- Estimation table of descriptive statistics of diastolic blood pressure in pre-test and post-test. 77

    8. The eighth hypothesis: "endurance exercises have a significant effect on the PR interval of Pars Khodro company workers". 79

    4-3-16- Estimation table of t-test of endurance exercises in PR distance of workers (endurance group) 79

    4-3-17- Table of estimation of descriptive statistics of PR distance in pre-test and post-test of practicing workers. 79

    9. Ninth hypothesis: "Parallel exercises have a significant effect in reducing the heart rate of Pars Khodro company workers". 80

    4-3-18- Estimation table of t-test of parallel exercises in reducing heart rate of workers (parallel group) 80

    4-3-19- Estimation table of descriptive statistics of heart rate in pre-test and post-test. 80

    10. 10th hypothesis: "Parallel exercises have a significant effect in reducing systolic blood pressure of workers of Pars Khodro Company". 81

    4-3-20- t-test estimation table of parallel exercises in reducing systolic blood pressure of workers. 81

    4-3-21- Table estimation of descriptive statistics of systolic blood pressure in pre-test and post-test. 81

    11. The 11th hypothesis: "Parallel exercises have a significant effect in reducing diastolic blood pressure of workers of Pars Khodro Company". 83

    4-3-22- t-test estimation table of parallel exercises in reducing diastolic blood pressure of workers. 83

    4-3-23- Estimation table of descriptive statistics of diastolic blood pressure of workers in pre-test and post-test. 83

    12. The twelfth hypothesis: "Parallel exercises have a significant effect on the PR distance of Pars Khodro company workers". 85

    4-3-24- t-test estimation table of parallel exercises in PR distance of workers. 85

    4-3-25- t-test estimation table of parallel exercises in PR interval of workers. 85

    13. The 13th hypothesis: "It seems that parallel training is more compatible with the hearts of Pars Khodro company workers compared to strength and endurance training." 86

    4-3-26-Estimation table of one-way ANOVA test and LSD post hoc test comparing parallel exercises with other exercises. 86

    5-1 Introduction. 87

    5-2 Conclusion. 87

    5-2-1 Findings 88

    5-2-2 General conclusion. 90

    5-3 Comparison with other researches. 91

    5-4 suggestions. 93

    5-4-1 Current research proposals. 94

    5-4-2 Suggestions for future research. 94

    Persian sources. 95

    Latin sources: 98

    Source:

    Asad, Mohammad Reza, 2013, the effect of eight weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined training on the level of HDL, LDL cholesterol and cardio-respiratory fitness in obese men, applied researches in management and biological sciences in sports, number 3, pp. 57-64.

    Arazi, Hamid. Jorbanian, Abuzar.

The effect of strength, endurance and parallel exercises on the heart function of Pars Khodro company's supervisor
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