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Investigating the effects of sports development on Iran's globalization process

Number of pages: 138 File Format: word File Code: 31664
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Physical Education - Sports
Tags/Keywords: culture - exercise - globalization - Globalization of Iran - Iran - Olympic Games - Sports activities - Sports development
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  • Summary of Investigating the effects of sports development on Iran's globalization process

    Dissertation to receive a master's degree in physical education

    General orientation

    Keywords: sports, globalization, Iran

    Abstract

    Methods: This research is descriptive-analytical and was conducted in the field. In this research, the researchers collected information using a researcher-made questionnaire. To check the face and content validity, the questionnaire was distributed among 14 sports management professors and experts, and after modification, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the construct validity. Cronbach's alpha was used to check the reliability of the questionnaire (a=0.93). The statistical population of this research consisted of all doctoral students and professors of sports management in universities across the country. The statistical samples of the research were selected in a general and purposeful way, after the follow-up and efforts of the researcher, 120 people responded to the questionnaire of the research plan. SPSS and Lisrel 8.5 software were used for descriptive and inferential data analysis. Also, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to check the normality of data distribution. The significance test of averages was used to check the importance of the items and also to prioritize the effects of sports development on the four dimensions of globalization and the items, second order factor analysis was used.

    Findings: The research results showed that the specialists and experts of the country believe that: "Globalization should be in the long-term plan as one of the main goals of the country", "Globalization and free trade will increase exports, reduce prices and create jobs." and long-term economic growth" and as well as globalization "will lead to cultural interaction and the promotion of cultures" and the results also indicate that the most important effects of sports development on the economic dimension of globalization are "increasing the attraction of (direct and indirect) foreign investments", "increasing capital flow and expanding commercial freedom" and "expanding and expanding privatization" and the most important effects of sports development on the social dimension are "expansion and development of the tourism industry", "expansion of international understanding" and "Development of social communication and information and communication technology" and the most important effects of sports development on the political dimension are "expanding diplomacy and interaction with other countries of the world", "increasing membership in international organizations" and "expanding and promoting national and international peace and unity" and the most important effects of sports development on the cultural dimension include: "expanding the use of a single international language", "expanding cultural interaction (discussion of civilizations and cultures)" and "improving the quality and lifestyle". Also, from the point of view of specialists and experts, the most important effects of the country's globalization on sports include the development of attracting sports tourists, increasing the attraction of international sports sponsors and active membership in international sports organizations.

    Conclusion: We hope that considering the various effects of sports (economic, social, cultural and political) proven in this research, the country's officials and policy makers can take an effective step in the development and globalization of the country by taking advantage of the opinions and views of specialists and experts.

    1 Introduction and statement of the problem

    There is no doubt that today sports has become a global phenomenon (Ghafouri and Henrour, 2006) and is one of the largest and most important industries in the world, and many people around the world are employed in it, which has turned it into a large and successful industry to the extent that it accounts for 2.5% of global trade. (Isfahani, 2007). Today, sports have penetrated even to the depth of various social institutions, including family, school, municipality, and private sectors, and by influencing the heart of mass media, it has become one of the greatest social phenomena of the contemporary century and a turning point. The role of sports in terms of social, psychological, cultural and physical in the world is undeniable.On the other hand, sports events and activities have an increasing influence on various human activities, including political, economic, social and cultural activities (Chernoshenko, 2014). In such a way that national governments and international assemblies have paid special attention to it by forming relevant ministries and organizations at the national level and institutions and associations at the international level and are using its role and position in the direction of development. Perhaps the main reason for the attention and importance of sports can be found in its permeability, where public attention and interest towards sports and more precisely its popularity has made it appear important and effective wherever it enters. The relationship of this variable with categories such as sustainable development, economic development, social development, peace, environmental participation, etc. has left deep effects on the state of contemporary societies. Sports and its competitions, like the Olympic Games and the World Cup, are a clear symbol of globalization in today's era, based on which different cultures and religions with different and sometimes conflicting values ??compete side by side in peaceful competition. This phenomenon is a process that includes the individual, the society, the international system, and the human species, and for this reason, every culture along with its own morals and values, including cities and localities, finds a special place. Therefore, sports helps globalization on the one hand and localization on the other hand (Malmir, 2015). Our era is the era of changes and transformations, and in no era have the waves of transformations been so roaring, and human life has not been so unstable and subject to successive transformations (Ahmedin Nasr, 2011), an era for which globalization is specific (Art Schulte[1], 2013). Globalization is one of the main phenomena that societies face and has affected all aspects of social life of people living on earth (Danaifred and Abbasi, 2011). Globalization is a process, not a situation, in other words, it is an ongoing process, and its nature is not clear and its consequences will be determined over time (Bahkish, 2005) and its effects can be extended to social, economic, political, legal, military, and technological activities, and it also affects environmental activities (Dodgar and Najimidani, 2010). Globalization has created conditions where local and regional events are influenced by forces much further away. Social relations have changed from neighborhood, region and country to global relations (Alvani, 2010). This has led to the disappearance of the border between economic, social, cultural and political relations and the new form of relationship and communication between nations (within countries and between countries) and due to its importance in life, it has been the focus and attention of scientists, so that many of them have considered globalization as a factor for the development, prosperity and integration of countries that has led to the distribution of benefits among people, and despite this view, some theorists consider it a discriminatory force that causes The poor are getting poorer and the rich are getting richer (Danaifard and Abbasi, 2011). Also, for some it has been a tool for progress, for some it has created wealth and increased opportunities, but for others it has aggravated inequalities and insecurity (Gorji and Alipourian, 2009). Contemporary globalization has had important positive consequences in relation to cultural revival, communication, lack of concentration of power, economic productivity and the range of available products and products, and also due to the developments in communication and media technology, globalization has brought a growing desire for the global harmonization of theories, cultures and even lifestyles (Sae, 2017). Globalization in itself is not good or bad, its results are mainly caused by human decisions (Art Schulte, 2008) and many believe that globalization is an exceptional opportunity, so the condition of success requires that the dimensions of this phenomenon are well known so that optimal strategies are possible (Nakui, Fakhari and Haqkhah, 2010), countries cannot build a fence around themselves and be safe from it. On the other hand, Iran, which is somehow known as one of the most surprising countries in the Middle East region, along with India, is one of the only countries with a good potential in globalization and has obtained a very low ranking of globalization. In fact, they are considered to be part of the wild group (20 countries with the lowest ranking) and it is an important issue how Iran has a small share of globalization.

  • Contents & References of Investigating the effects of sports development on Iran's globalization process

    List:

    List

    Abstract. 1

    Chapter One: Introduction and introduction

    1-1 Introduction and statement of the problem. 4

    1-2 Necessity and importance of research. 7

    1-3 research objectives. 10

    1-3-1 The general purpose of the research. 10

    1-3-2 Specific objectives. 10

    1-4 scope of research. 11

    1-5 research assumptions. 11

    1-6 definitions of operative words. 12

    Chapter Two: Theoretical Foundations and Research Background

    2-1 Introduction. 14

    2-2 Theoretical foundations. 14

    2-2-1 Definitions of sports. 14

    2-2-2 development. 15

    2-2-2-1 The concept of development. 16

    2-2-2-2 dimensions of development. 16

    2-2-2-3 sustainable development 17

    2-2-3 globalization. 17

    2-2-4 Globalization or globalization? 17

    2-2-5 History of globalization. 19

    2-2-6 definitions of globalization. 20

    2-2-7 dimensions of globalization. 26

    2-2-7-1 economic dimension. 27

    2-2-7-2 political dimension. 29

    2-2-7-3 social dimension. 30

    2-2-7-4 cultural dimension. 31

    2-2-7-4-1 cultural particularism. 31

    2-2-7-4-2 cultural homogeneity. 32

    2-2-7-4-3 intercourse and cultural transformation. 33

    2-2-8 characteristics of globalization. 34

    2-2-9 effective and important factors in globalization. 36

    2-2-10 Different views on the phenomenon of globalization (supporters and opponents) 37

    2-2-11 Effects and consequences of globalization. 39

    2-3 globalization and sports. 42

    2-3-1 Economic incentives and globalization of business in sports. 43

    2-3-2 Sports as an economic phenomenon. 45

    2-3-3 media and commercial sports. 45

    2-3-4 Sports and information technology. 46

    2-3-5 Sports and facilitation of economic and social development. 47

    2-3-6 Sports and the process of globalization of culture. 48

    2-3-7 Sports and tourism (sports tourism) 49

    2-3-8 Global immigration of athletes. 50

    2-3-9 Globalization of sports and political citizenship of players. 51

    2-3-10 Sports and politics. 52

    2-3-11 Sports, creating international peace and friendship and mutual understanding. 53

    2-3-12 sports diplomacy. 54

    2-3-13 Sports, de-territorialization and linking borders 55

    2-3-14 Sports, maintaining values ??and political stability of society. 55

    2-3-15 Olympic movement and diplomatic activities. 56

    2-3-16 Sports and the fight against colonialism. 56

    2-3-17 Sports and environment. 57

    2-3-18 Sports and human rights, fight against racism. 57

    2-3-19 Sports, gaining prestige and promoting a sense of identity and social unity for the group or society and governments 58

    2-3-20 Sports, gaining prestige and recognition of cities 59

    2-4 Research background. 60

    2-4-1 Internal research conducted in the field of research. 60

    2-4-2 External research conducted in the field of research. 69

    Conclusion. 82

    Chapter Three: Research Methodology

    3-1 Introduction. 85

    3-2 research method and design. 85

    3-2-1 Library studies. 85

    3-2-2 Field studies. 86

    3-3 Society and statistical sample. 86

    3-4 research variables. 86

    3-5 data collection tool 87

    6-3 data collection method 88

    3-7 statistical methods. 89

    3-7-1 Descriptive statistics. 89

    3-7-2 Inferential statistics. 89

    Chapter Four: Data Analysis

    4-1 Introduction. 91

    4-2 Descriptive findings. 91

    4-3 inferential findings. 98

    4-4 Comments of the respondents to the final question of questionnaire 112

    Chapter five: discussion and conclusion

    5-1 Introduction. 115

    2-5 Summary of the research. 115

    3-5 descriptive and inferential research findings. 117

    4-5 discussion and conclusion. 121

    5-5 Examining the views of specialists and experts regarding the importance of the globalization phenomenon in the country 122

    6-5 Examining the effects of sports development on the economic aspects of the country's globalization process 124

    5-7 Examining the effects of sports development on the social aspects of the country's globalization process 127

    5-8 Examining the effects of sports development on the political aspect of Iran's globalization process. 130

    5-9 Investigating the effects of sports development on the cultural aspects of Iran's globalization process. 132

    5-10 Examining the effects of globalization on the country's sports development 134

    5-11 Respondents' views on the three sports that had a greater impact on the country's globalization process. 137

    5-12 suggestions from the research.139

    5-13 Suggestions for future research. 142

    5-14 research limitations. 143

    Sources and sources. 144

    Appendices 159

    Source:

     

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