Comparison of excitement seeking and psychological toughness with religious orientation in elite and non-elite karate athletes

Number of pages: 87 File Format: word File Code: 31636
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Master's degree Category: Physical Education - Sports
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  • Summary of Comparison of excitement seeking and psychological toughness with religious orientation in elite and non-elite karate athletes

    Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of motor behavior

    Abstract:

    The aim of this research was to compare sensationalism and psychological toughness with the religious orientation of elite and non-elite karate athletes. The current research was of a causal-comparative type and was carried out by the correlation method. The statistical population of the research consisted of two groups of elite and non-elite athletes, for the group of elite athletes, champions were used at the level of national karate teams, and for the group of non-elite athletes, karate athletes at the level of regional teams and sports committees were used. Data collection tools included Zuckerman's sensation seeking, Ahvaz's psychological toughness and Allport's religious orientation questionnaires. The statistical method used in this research is inferential statistics, independent t-test and multiple regression. The results of this research showed that there is no significant difference between the religious orientations of elite and non-elite athletes; However, the results of the second hypothesis test showed that there is a significant difference between the average sensation seeking among elite and non-elite athletes. In this way, the level of sensation seeking of elite athletes (2.10) is higher than the average sensation seeking of non-elite athletes (-3.30), and the results of the third hypothesis test showed that there is a significant difference between the average psychological toughness among elite and non-elite athletes. In this way, the level of psychological toughness of elite athletes (52.55) is higher than the average of psychological toughness in non-elite athletes (43.62). Also, the results of the research question showed that the predictor variables of religious orientation and psychological toughness among elite and non-elite athletes are not able to predict sensation seeking. Keywords: sensation seeking, psychological toughness, religious orientation, elite and non-elite karate athletes. rtl;">

    1-1 Introduction

    The use of emotions in education and social and sports learning programs is inevitable, because in this century, in addition to paying attention to cognitive and educational and skill development, it is necessary to pay attention to the emotional development of athletes and prepare them for cooperation and participation in team sports, responsible decision-making, resistance to the pressure of the peer group and the opposing team. So that they assume the role of formations in the society, which changes are increasing day by day (Khosrojerdi and Khanzadeh, 2006).

    To succeed in sports, athletes must have a suitable level of psychological control characteristics; Because during the game they are placed in situations where emotions are at a high level and they are forced to play in this kind of exciting conditions (Aghaei, 2006).

    Religion and religious tendencies have undoubtedly been one of the constant companions of mankind throughout its life and historical development. Such a trend, whose strength is as old as human history, makes every seeker's mind to question and makes this question stand out in his mind, what is the cause of these ancient trends? Tendencies that have always fluctuated from magicalizing the relationships between the phenomena of the world to presenting rational causalities. As in the evolution of the child's thinking, we can also witness this transformation and development (Heidari Nesab, 2003). By accepting that religion is an important variable in people's lives, it can be said that the influence of beliefs, attitudes, behaviors and value characteristics within people in the field of their lives should be a part of psychological analysis. The views and ideas about religion in psychology are diverse and many. For example, some psychologists such as Waltsen[1] et al. (1909) (cited by Khodapanahi, 1999) point to the role of religion in the mental health of individuals and state that religious orientation may be useful as a useful experimental model to discover how pure religiosity and less pure religiosity can be related to personality and mental health (Khodapanahi and Khaninzadeh, 1999)..

    Considering the importance of some personality traits, such as psychological toughness and excitement, which play a significant role in athletes' performance, addressing other factors such as attitudes and religious orientation that can be related to personality, in order to plan and increase the knowledge of coaches to improve athletes' performance, can be very useful.

    1-2 statement of the problem

    Inspection and study of psychological characteristics and personality traits in the field of sports psychology is important from a practical and theoretical point of view, because on the one hand, it directly or indirectly affects the sports performance, and on the other hand, through the information obtained, it provides the context of mutual communication between the athlete and the sports environment. Considering this, the study of psychological characteristics such as sensation seeking and psychological toughness and considering the relationship between these two categories with religious orientation in athletes can be an influential factor in making wise and logical decisions for the success of athletes. As a natural need and a socio-educational phenomenon, physical education has a great mission in the physical and mental development of people and helps to develop the personality and psycho-social development of people. However, it seems that less studies have been done in the field of psychological characteristics of athletes, so that the answers to many questions remain in the veil of ambiguity. For example, is there a psychological difference between athletes and non-athletes and between professional and non-professional athletes? Do semi-professional athletes have a special personality profile?

    In general, the meaning of religious attitude and orientation is a systematic attitude of beliefs and actions towards sacred affairs (Yavari, 2015). The next component, sensationalism, is a personality trait that was first described by Eysenck (Khyabanchian, 2016). Finally, toughness is a psychological concept that refers to a person's specific and stable way of reacting to life events (DiMatteo, 1378) and this psychological factor consists of three components, which are: commitment, restraint, and struggle. The proposed solutions made the necessary plans and provided the fields for the athletes' progress and excellence as much as possible in the levels of macro planning, talent identification, training planning and achieving great goals related to various sports disciplines. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the difference of some personality traits (excitement, psychological toughness) with religious orientation in elite and non-elite karate athletes. Considering the fact that studying and knowing as much as possible some of the personality traits such as psychological toughness and sensationalism that have been examined in this research play a significant role in improving the performance of athletes, it will be fruitful to address other factors such as the relationship and difference of the aforementioned characteristics with religious orientation that can be related to personality in order to plan and increase the knowledge of coaches to improve the performance of athletes. The existing religious solutions to solve the problems in question and in this field, effective and practical steps can be taken in this direction and solve the fundamental problems ahead. It is hoped that this research with the mentioned goals can be a solution for these cases.

    1-3 Necessity and Importance

    Personality theorists have usually focused on breadth or completeness as a major theoretical goal. In recent times, a group of psychologists have come to the conclusion that comprehensive personality theories such as the theory of Freud, Jung and others, which try to answer all the questions related to man, have remained unable and unable to answer this question, because the complexity of man and the causes and factors of his behavior are more than one theory, no matter how comprehensive, can answer all human issues. They believe that instead of paying attention to building comprehensive theories, it is better to develop theories that study and investigate only one or two aspects of human personality, but more completely (Kirimi, 2013).

  • Contents & References of Comparison of excitement seeking and psychological toughness with religious orientation in elite and non-elite karate athletes

    List:

    Chapter One: "General Research". 1

    1-1 Introduction. 2

    1-2 statement of the problem. 3

    1-3 Necessity. 4

    1-4 research objectives. 5

    1-4-1 overall goal. 5

    1-4-2 specific goals. 5

    1-5 Assumptions. 5

    1-6 research assumptions. 5

    1-7 scope of research. 6

    1-8 definitions of words. 6

    1-8-1 Conceptual definitions. 6

    1-8-1-1 excitement. 6

    1-8-1-2 psychological toughness. 7

    1-8-1-3 religious orientation. 7

    1-8-2 operational definitions. 7

    1-8-2-1 Elite and non-elite athletes: 7

    1-8-2-2 Excitement: 7

    1-8-2-3 Psychological toughness: 8

    1-8-2-4 Religious orientation: 8

    Chapter two: Research background. 9

    2-1 Introduction. 10

    2-2 Theoretical foundations. 10

    2-2-1 sensationalism: 10

    2-2-1-1 theories of sensationalism. 12

    2-2-1-1-1 theory of James Lange. 12

    2-2-1-1-2 new perspective. 13

    2-2-1-1-3 theory of distinct emotions. 13

    2-2-1-1-4 facial feedback hypothesis. 13

    2-2-2-1-2 basis of excitement. 14

    2-2-1-2-1 excitement and adventure. 14

    2-2-1-2-2 seeking experience.. 14

    2-2-1-2-3 lack of inhibition.. 14

    2-2-1-2-4 sensitivity to boredom. 14

    2-2-1-3 characteristics of excitable people. 15

    2-2-1-4 biological basis of sensation seeking. 16

    2-2-2 Psychological toughness. 18

    2-2-2-1 Definition of psychological toughness. 18

    2-2-2-2 psychological toughness in sports. 20

    2-2-3 religious orientation. 22

    2-2-3-1 Definition of religious orientation 22

    2-2-3-2 Theoretical foundations of religious orientation. 22

    2-2-3-3 Theories related to religious orientation. 22

    2-2-3-4 Summarizing the theoretical foundations of religious orientation. 25

    2-3 review of previous research. 26

    2-3-1 Research conducted inside the country 26

    2-3-2 Research conducted abroad 31

    Chapter three: "Research implementation method". 37

    3-1 Introduction. 38

    3-2 research methods. 38

    3-3 statistical community. 38

    3-4 statistical samples. 39

    3-5 information gathering tools. 39

    3-5-1 Zuckerman sensation seeking questionnaire. 39

    3-5-2 How Zuckerman sensationalism scale came about and evolved 39

    3-5-3 Ahvaz psychological toughness questionnaire 41

    3-5-4 Allport religious orientation scale. 41

    3-6 data analysis method 42

    3-7 data collection method 42

    3-8 research variables. 42

    3-8-1 Criterion variables. 42

    3-8-2 predictor variables. 43

    3-9 statistical analysis methods. 43

    3-10 research limitations. 6

    Chapter four: "Analysis of data". 44

    4-1 Introduction. 41

    2-4 Descriptive indicators related to elite and non-elite groups. 41

    4-3 Checking the normality of the distribution of research variables. 41

    4-4 inferential findings of the research. 42

    4-5 summary and conclusion. 47

    Chapter five: "Discussion and conclusion". 57

    5-1 Introduction. 58

    5-2 Summary of the research. 58

    5-3 discussion and review. 59

    5-4 suggestions for future research. 61

    5-5 research applications. 62

    Resources. 63

    Persian sources. 64

    Latin sources.. 69

    Appendixes. 74

    Allport Religious Orientation Questionnaire. 75

    Ahvaz psychological toughness scale 80

    Zuckerman sensationalism scale. 82

     

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Comparison of excitement seeking and psychological toughness with religious orientation in elite and non-elite karate athletes