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The effect of intense intermittent and moderate continuous training on power

Number of pages: 89 File Format: word File Code: 31633
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Physical Education - Sports
Tags/Keywords: aerobic power - anaerobic power - Average production power - Intense interval training - Intermittent exercises - Moderate continuous exercises - MPO - P.P.O - Peak production capacity - Ventilatory threshold - VT
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  • Summary of The effect of intense intermittent and moderate continuous training on power

    Dissertation for Master's Degree in Physical Education

    Major: Sports Physiology

    Abstract

    The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of intense intermittent and moderate continuous training on the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of basketball girls. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and the statistical population included all female basketball players in Firuzkoh city in 2013. A number of 20 female basketball players participated in this study in a purposeful and available manner, and were randomly divided into two groups of ten people, intense intermittent training and moderate continuous training. Based on this, the average age, weight and height in the intense interval training group were 21.10 ± 1.91 years, 87 ± 3.53 kg, and 188.40 ± 3.44 cm respectively, and in the moderate continuous training group, they were 21.40 ± 1.51 years, 88.60 ± 1.51 kg, and 189.10 ± 2.13 cm, respectively. be The method of data analysis was the use of descriptive statistics (frequency calculation, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (pairwise amarit test). The findings showed that intense intermittent training and moderate continuous training have an effect on maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and the duration of running two 3000 meters in basketball girls. Also, the findings showed that, unlike moderate continuous training, intense intermittent training has an effect on the peak power output (PPO) and average power output (MPO) of basketball girls.

    Key words: intense intermittent training, moderate continuous training, aerobic power, anaerobic power.

    Chapter One

    research generalities

    Introduction

        Today, sports is one of the issues that have been raised in the world under different titles and many groups deal with it in various ways. Some people are professional sportsmen and some are amateur sportsmen, a group of people who are fans and interested in sports and watching sports programs, competitions and shows, and some people spend their lives through sports (Shahabi Kasab, 2013). Therefore, exercise is one of the necessities of human life today and lack of physical activity causes an increase in all types of deaths, doubling the risk of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, type 2 diabetes and obesity. It also increases the risk of colon and breast cancer, high blood pressure, lipid disorders, osteoporosis, depression and anxiety, although athletes and participants in sports fields are always at risk of facing sports injuries (Shahabi Kasab, 2013).

         Trainers and sports science experts are trying to find ways to increase the efficiency of training programs in a limited time frame for athletes. Especially in sports where aerobic capacity is only part of the training and competition program. Also, the time limit in the communication between the coach and the athlete is another reason for this claim. While athletes use different training methods to increase their aerobic and anaerobic fitness, recent research has shown that a form of training known as intense interval training [1] causes rapid and simultaneous improvement of these variables compared to continuous training with moderate intensity [2] (Siahkohian and Khodadadi, 2013).

    Since basketball is one of the aggressive sports And it is catchy and at the same time attractive and popular all over the world. Twisting, shearing, jumping and landing movements are part of the main movements of this exciting sport, which unfortunately increases the risk of injury in this field (Barani et al., 2018). The current study seeks to investigate the effect of intense intermittent and moderate continuous training on the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of basketball girls. This chapter, as one of the most important chapters of this thesis, provides the necessary knowledge for other researchers and interested parties to understand the general and special goals by explaining the problem statement and mentioning the immediate and future benefits and the necessity of conducting research in the importance and necessity of research. In the rest of this chapter, the variables of the research are introduced and at the end, this chapter ends with the definitions of the variables conceptually (theoretical) and operational.

    Statement of the problem

         The advancement of sports physiology knowledge has given special attention to the development and expansion of physiological profiles of the body. Such physiological profiles have provided a better understanding and realistic application of championship sports. For this purpose, researchers and experienced trainers, relying on the knowledge gained from physiological variables, clearly guide the athletes in training scenes with sports competitions, so that it is necessary to check the level of preparation and physiological capabilities of athletes for planning and quantitatively and qualitatively improving the sports performance of athletes of different disciplines. Coaches and athletes always seek to use the best training method that has scientific support so that they can achieve valuable results and victories (Berger[3], 2006). Due to the nature of this field, unfortunately, the risk of injury is high in this field, so that Knobloch et al. [4] (2005), reported in their research that among the different high-impact sports, the highest amount of injury occurs in basketball. Therefore, the athletes of this field must follow the principles of exercise science and go through all the stages of pre-season bodybuilding from preliminary to advanced and skill. These preparations should be in the field of aerobic endurance, anaerobic endurance, speed work and skill with the ball. Studies show that, according to the type of exercise, in addition to maximal aerobic power, factors such as motor efficiency, neuromuscular adaptations, anaerobic power, endocrine system adaptations, lactate threshold and the ability to delay it are affected by the type of exercise (Agha Alinejad, 2012). (7-4 repetitions of 30 seconds of pedaling on a full-intensity exercise bike with a 4-minute rest interval between each repetition) on aerobic and anaerobic indicators. Their results indicated an increase in anaerobic power, muscle oxidative potential and endurance performance capacity without significant change in maximum oxygen consumption [6], which was obtained after performing approximately 15 minutes of intense interval training during 2 weeks. Tabata et al. consumption and with a 10-second rest interval between each repetition and 5 sessions per week) studied the anaerobic capacity and maximum oxygen consumption. The results showed that the intermittent training group experienced a 14% and 28% increase in maximum oxygen consumption and anaerobic capacity, respectively, while the continuous training group showed only a 10% increase in maximum oxygen consumption without significant change in anaerobic capacity. The results obtained in various researches indicate that in sports fields, which at that time is a determining factor in choosing the training method, An important point to consider is the total interval training time required to produce similar changes compared to continuous training. In this context, a study has reported that the improvement in maximum oxygen consumption and latency time resulting from intense continuous training is significantly greater than the improvements achieved following moderate continuous training (Burgomaster et al., 2008). Some studies have also failed to increase aerobic capacity following intense intermittent training. For example, Beckham et al.[8] (2004) could not show a significant change in maximum oxygen consumption, ventilatory threshold[9] despite the implementation of an intense interval training program during 6 weeks (14-30 repetitions of 5-15-second runs with an intensity of 90-100% and a work-to-rest ratio of 5:1, which was reduced to 3:1).

         Due to the lack of information and studies on the effect of combining intermittent and continuous aerobic and anaerobic exercises on the performance of athletes, this research aims to determine the effect of such exercises on the endurance performance of trained basketball girls, and to address the role of resistance exercises, especially intermittent exercises that have received less attention.

  • Contents & References of The effect of intense intermittent and moderate continuous training on power

    List:

    Abstract .. 1

    Chapter 1: Generalities of research

    Introduction .. 3

    Statement of the problem .. 4

    Importance and necessity of research. 6

    Research objectives.. 7

    A: General objective.. 7

    B: Partial objectives.. 7

    Research variables.. 8

    Research questions.. 8

    Research hypotheses.. 9

    Research scopes.. 9

    Definitions of words and terms. . 10

    A: Conceptual (theoretical) definitions. 10

    B: operational definitions. 10

    Chapter Two: Literature and Research Background

    Introduction.. 12

    Part One: Theoretical Foundations of Research. 13

    Phyriology of physical activity of sports in the present era. 13

    Short-term physiological response to exercise. 13

    Gradual physiological adaptations to training. 14

    Basic principles of exercise.. 14

    Types of exercise programs. 16

    Resistance training.. 16

    Interval training.. 16

    Continuous training.. 17

    Continuous training with high intensity. 17

    Slow training in a long distance. 18

    Fartlek training.. 18

    Circular training.. 19

    Compatibility with aerobic training. 20

    muscular adaptations. 20

    Type of muscle fiber.. 20

    Capillary supply.. 21

    Myoglobin storage.. 21

    Mitochondrial action.. 22

    Oxidative enzymes. 22

    Effective adaptations in energy sources. 23

    Carbohydrates for energy. 23

    Fat for energy.. 23

    Aerobic exercises. 24

    Exercise volume.. 25

    Exercise intensity.. 25

    Intermittent exercise.. 26

    Compatibility with anaerobic exercises. 26

    Compatibility of the ATP-Pcr device. 27

    Compatibility of the glycolytic system. 27

    Size adaptations to anaerobic exercises. 28

    Excessive training.. 29

    Overtraining.. 32

    Effects of overtraining.. 32

    Automatic nervous system and overtraining. 33

    Hormonal responses to overtraining. 34

    immune system and overtraining. 35

    Sports and different sports disciplines. 36

    Gradually reducing training to reach peak performance. 36

    No training.. 37

    Types of sports activities. 38

    Aerobic exercises.. 38

    Anaerobic exercises.. 39

    Classification of sports skills. 39

    Composite sports disciplines. 40

    Ball sports.. 40

    Basketball sports.. 40

    History of basketball.. 42

    Standards in basketball. 44

    Sports injuries in basketball. 45

    The second part: Research background. 47

    A) The background of the research done inside the country. 47

    b) The background of research conducted abroad. 51

    Chapter Three: Research Methodology

    Introduction... 61

    Research Method... 61

    Statistical Society... 61

    Sample Size and Sampling Method. 61

    Method of gathering information. 61

    Execution method.. 62

    Research tools.. 62

    Data analysis method. 63

    Chapter Four: Data Analysis

    Introduction.. 66

    A) Descriptive data analysis. 66

    b) Inferential data analysis. 69

    Chapter five: summary, conclusions and suggestions

    Research summary.. 84

    Research findings.. 84

    Discussion and conclusion.. 86

    Research limitations. 93

    A) Limitations at the discretion of the researcher. 93

    b) Limitations beyond the control of the researcher. 93

    Research proposals. 93

    A) Suggestions based on research results. 93

       b) Suggestions based on the business of the researcher. 94

        c) Advice to other researchers. 95

    Sources .. 97

    Appendix .. 104

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    Pakarvan, Maryam; Sahib al-Zamani, Mansour; Hero of Tabrizi, Cyrus. (1388). Investigating the prevalence and causes of sports injuries among physical education students. Sports medicine. Number 2, pp: 81-94. Hamzezadeh Borojni, Elham; Nazar Ali, Parvaneh; Naqibi, Saeed. (2012). The effect of four weeks of intense interval training (HIT) on some aerobic and anaerobic indicators of the women of the Iranian national basketball team. Sports Biology, Volume 5, Number 4, pp: 35-48.

    Hamzezadeh Borojni, Elham; Nazar Ali, Parvaneh; Kurdi, Mohammad Reza. (2012). The effect of four weeks of intense interval training (HIT) on the levels of GH, IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and serum cortisol of women in the Iranian national basketball team. Sports Physiology, No. 19, pp. 158-143. Rostam Khani, Hossein; Naghi Lu, Zabih Elah. (1390). The effect of two, four and six weeks of non-training after a plyometric training course on posture control of male students. Research in rehabilitation sciences, volume 7, number 2, pp: 148-141. God bless you, referee. (2012).  The effect of intense interval training and moderate continuous training on aerobic and anaerobic indicators in male athletes, Sports Physiology Quarterly, No. 18, pp: 39-52.

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