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  3. The effect of a benevolent commercial film on blood oxytocin levels and the level of forgiveness of athletes compared to non-athletes

The effect of a benevolent commercial film on blood oxytocin levels and the level of forgiveness of athletes compared to non-athletes

Number of pages: 87 File Format: word File Code: 31621
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Physical Education - Sports
Tags/Keywords: Advertising film - Athletes - Behaviors of forgiveness - Blood oxytocin - forgiveness - Forgiveness of athletes - Non-athletes - Oxytocin - Physiological factors
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  • Summary of The effect of a benevolent commercial film on blood oxytocin levels and the level of forgiveness of athletes compared to non-athletes

    Mass Thesis of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Sports Management Orientation

    Abstract

    One ??of the factors on which a lot of research is done today is the physiological factors that govern behavior and also behavioral factors that affect physiological factors. The purpose of this semi-experimental research was to investigate the changes in blood oxytocin levels in response to the promotional film of a charity organization and the difference between athletes and non-athletes. Also, comparing the amount of their charitable contribution to an unknown charity has been another goal of this research. Two groups of 10 male athletes (age: 1.7 ± 21.3) and non-athletes (age: 1.7 ± 22.1) were selected for this research. Blood was drawn from the participants, and after showing the film and taking blood again, their level of financial forgiveness was measured. The findings indicate that watching the desired emotional film can affect blood oxytocin and the level of forgiveness of people. The extent of this influence was the same among student athletes and non-athletes. Based on this, it seems that showing emotional films can be used to increase the forgiveness behaviors of athletes and non-athletes alike. Research

    1-1 Introduction

    Human has long been defined as a social being. Humans have always lived socially and as far as archeological research confirms, they have never lived individually. Professor Motahari considers the origin of human social life to be a natural and natural thing and writes: "Sociality is a general and general goal that human nature naturally moves towards." Many thinkers also believe that the social life of man originates from his nature and according to Aristotle's famous theory "Al-Insan Madani al-Mahfah" man is naturally social. Man is a social being, and this sociality is rooted in the nature and nature of man, and just as healthy and balanced people, beauty and purity and so on. They like and have a desire towards society. Abu Nasr Muhammad Farabi has also addressed this issue and he also considers human beings to be civil by nature, which means that the need for social life and the formation of society lies in the nature of human beings. Therefore, the formation of society is a necessary thing for humans. Because a human being cannot reach maturity and levels of perfection without social life and cooperation. Therefore, in addition to a philosopher like Aristotle, who considers man to be social by nature, the scientist and social scientist (Farabi) also refers to this issue, while he also pays attention to "need" as another factor for man's tendency to social life. Some great types of animals live collectively (such as ants and bees). What distinguishes humans from these animals is actually their social and extra-social behavior [1], which takes various forms.

    Extra-social behavior is voluntary benevolent behavior to benefit others (1) and involves the interaction of two or more people and assistance.

    People often participate in activities that help and benefit others at the expense of themselves. They volunteer, help strangers, vote for political or charitable organizations, donate blood, join aid groups, and do other things that sacrifice their lives for strangers. Many researches confirm that a large part of people are active in these matters (2).

    Extrasocial behavior is very important in increasing the performance of sports teams, and the extrasocial behaviors of the stars of sports teams have improved the performance of sports teams, such as improving penalty kicks, which can be interpreted as the effects of increasing oxytocin levels and related behavioral effects (3).This statement is evidence for the functional use of extra-social behavior to generalize and expand human emotions in sports in order to increase performance. Neuro-scientific research has shown that positive social interactions such as forgiveness (4) and trust (5) have a significant relationship with the hormone oxytocin [2]. Oxytocin (OT) is a hormone that is made in the hypothalamus and secreted from the posterior pituitary, and it increases significantly during childbirth and causes uterine muscle contractions. Breastfeeding also plays an important role (6).

    In humans, the plasma level of oxytocin depends on the type of conditions and disease states, including warm contact, social relationships, trust and mutual trust, mental pressure, anxiety and hormonal responses, male or female sexual responses, mood disorders, schizophrenia, and delusions (7). Oxytocin is associated with reducing stress, increasing groupness, and also affects memory and social cognition. In general, animal research has shown that oxytocin has countless effects on social behavior, stress and cognition (8). In the last decade, a four-fold increase in published research on the effects of oxytocin on social cognition and extrasocial behavior in humans has been observed (9).

    In the last decade, a large increase in published research on the effects of oxytocin on social cognition and extrasocial behavior has been published (10,11).

    1-2      Statement of the Problem

    Interest in oxytocin is rapidly spreading among journals ranging from endocrinology to the general media. Oxytocin's popularity is mostly due to the fact that this hormone has many physiological effects on trust, love, altruism, etc. Until a few years ago, most of its effects were tested on mice; But in the last few years, with the increase of facilities, many experiments have also been conducted on humans.

    In 2012, an amount of 140 billion dollars was spent to persuade people to do certain things by seeing, listening, or reading advertisements (12). There is an old saying that marketers say, "Only half of our advertising is effective, but we don't know which half!" This is one of the mental concerns of marketers, how to find which type of advertising is effective and should a special type of advertising be designed for each group and class of society? The USA Charitable Foundation[3] reported in 2009 that even during the bad economic times in 2008, more than 300 billion dollars were given to US charities (13).

    As a result of the competition among charities, these institutions[4] spend a huge amount on advertising, and it is estimated that non-profit organizations spend up to 7.6 billion dollars on advertising each year. they spend Advertisements of charitable organizations help in the movement of empathy (14).

    The personality of every human being is formed by numerous and countless factors that lead to the type of thinking, actions and behavior of the individual. Perhaps the personality can be considered as including all the thoughts, moods and behavior of every human being. There is no doubt that there are as many personalities as there are people on earth. Every human being has a special and special personality and behaves completely unique.

    Heredity and environment, these two important and fundamental factors cause the formation of every human being both physically and mentally. From the time of sperm coagulation, the work of genes, which are agents of transferring various genetic characteristics, begins. Genes determine all human characteristics. Features such as eye color and hair color, height, face shape, skin color, heart size, etc. are some of the things in which heredity plays an essential role; Therefore, the type and shape of body parts, both external and internal, are transmitted through genes; But some scientists believe that although the factor of heredity is very important and important, we should never neglect another factor called the environment, because it is the environment that, if it is favorable, the heredity is effective and can cause the growth and formation of genetic characteristics. For example, if the shape of a person's body has ideal characteristics in the genetic order, if there is no proper nutrition and environmental conditions, heredity is not able to provide those characteristics completely.

  • Contents & References of The effect of a benevolent commercial film on blood oxytocin levels and the level of forgiveness of athletes compared to non-athletes

    List:

    1-           Research plan. 2

    1-1 Introduction. 2

    1-2 Statement of the problem. 3

    1-3 Necessity and importance of research. 5

    1-4 Research objectives. 6

    1-5 research hypotheses. 6

    1-6 Scope of research. 6

    1-7 Research limitations. 7

    1-8 Definition of words and terms. 7

    2-           Theoretical foundations and research background. 9

    2-1 Theoretical foundations. 9

    2-2 Domestic background. 40

    2-3 Foreign background. 40

    3-           Research methodology. 50

    3-1 Introduction. 50

    3-2 Research design. 50

    3-3 Population and statistical sample. 51

    3-4 Research design template. 52

    3-5 Statistical methods. 53

    4-           Analysis of research findings. 55

    4-1 Introduction. 55

    4-2 Descriptive and inferential analysis of findings 55

    4-2-1 Descriptive analysis of findings 55

    4-2-2 57

    4-3  61

    5-           Discussion and conclusion. 63

    5-1 Discussion and conclusion. 64

    5-1-1 Checking the first hypothesis. 64

    5-1-2 Examining the second hypothesis. 65

    5-1-3 Examining the third hypothesis. 66

    5-2          Suggestions for Managers   68

    Source:

     

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The effect of a benevolent commercial film on blood oxytocin levels and the level of forgiveness of athletes compared to non-athletes
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