Determining barriers to the participation of elderly women in Yazd city in sports activities

Master's degree in physical education and sports science, sports management orientation

Introduction

Civilization and the increasing progress of modern technologies brought with it a phenomenon called ((motor poverty)). It has been stated. Getting out of the existing situation requires suitable and appropriate tools, including sports activities as a multi-dimensional tool with extensive health, economic, and social effects, helping to have healthy leisure time and creating vitality and vitality (Qara, 2014). Lack of sports activity is the most important cause of death, illness and disability. Preliminary information from the World Health Organization about risk factors shows that a lifestyle without sports activity is one of the ten major causes of death and disability. More than two million deaths a year are caused by inactivity. Among the countries of the world, 60% to 80% of adults are not active enough to benefit their health (Niknejad, 2015). Girls and women of different ages need physical activity. Children need four to six hours of physical activity, teenagers two to four hours, and adults need one to two hours of physical activity, although these physical activities are provided to some extent in some housework. From a physiological point of view, women can fulfill their daily movement needs in different ways such as physical work such as walking, sweeping, washing the stairs, etc., but to have a healthy body and a good mood, it is necessary to perform more activities than these. In research, the causal relationship between physical activity and a person's health has been proven (Badami, 2015). Active people have a more productive life. They are more built, have a proportionate body, and their resistance to diseases is also higher. Active people also have more self-confidence, are less depressed, and often work on new projects with energy even in old age. In recent years, medical research has shown that a large number of diseases are directly related to the lack of physical activity. Therefore, the current interest and enthusiasm for the movement is not whim. Rather, the only way to prevent diseases of immobility is to remain active, not for a month or a year, but for a lifetime (Badami, 2015). The researches of Zilman [1], Johnson [2] and Diem [3] indicated that the recovery time of people with physical fitness is faster than those who are not ready (Mohramzadeh, 1374). And if human beings are all equal in the rights of nature and all should live freely, it is a command issued in the text of creation and there is no reason other than that. In the light of scientific, biological and psychological advances, the differences between the two sexes became more justified. Because a woman is a human being, she is created free like any other human being and enjoys equal rights, but a woman is a human being with her own characteristics and a man is a human being with other characteristics. Men and women are "equal" in humanity, but they are two types of human beings. According to Alexis Karl, there is an indication of his gender in every human cell. In the equality and freedom movement, intentionally or unintentionally, equality was used instead of similarity, and equality was equated with similarity. Quality was overshadowed by quantity and being a "human" made her forget being a "woman" (Saeidi, 2010). Today, the role of women as half of the human resources is not only one of the issues and other basic goals of social and economic development of every country, but it is also considered an effective tool in the realization of other development goals. Therefore, one of the indicators of the degree of development of a country is the level of participation and role that women have in that country (Motahari, 2014). Studies show that sedentary lifestyle is one of the most important causes of death, illness and disability in the world. Research by the World Health Organization (2002) has reported a high number (60-85%) of the population with a sedentary life (Jaghlin, 2011).In fact, the motivation of the people of the world to participate in sports activities today is not to reach high levels and achieve the Olympic slogan (faster, higher and stronger), but to gain health, well-being, vitality, social relations and avoiding diseases are the important reasons for participating in sports. For this reason, 15 million people participate in organized sports activities in France today, of which there are 6 million people between the ages of 6 and 14. The attention of the German people to sports has been In 1952, 6.7% of the total population of this country were engaged in sports, which will reach 28.5% in 2000 (Robert, 2002).

The present study aims to prepare a tool to identify the obstacles and reasons for the non-participation of elderly women in leisure time sports activities in order to somehow open a way to identify the causes of their non-participation in sports and conduct research It will make the future easier in this field. It is hoped that this research will provide suitable solutions to remove the obstacles and develop and advance the sports of the elderly in the country.

Statement of the problem

In recent years, with the emergence of fundamental and all-round changes in society and the development of technology and the mechanization of life, obesity and diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, which are generally caused by inactivity, have spread. Considering that by 2050, the elderly population will exceed the population under 14 years old and will reach about 80%, this indicates the increasing attention to this group. Now, physical activity and exercise and paying attention to its beneficial effects on health and vitality, especially in the elderly, have received more attention than before. Although being active from a young age prevents many diseases, regular activity in old age also helps to reduce pain and disability such as arthritis and osteoporosis. Living in a healthy way should be desired at all stages of life. Especially in adulthood and old age, it should be given more attention, because the elderly have less mobility due to their special physical conditions, and although there are conditions and opportunities for them to engage in sports activities, unfortunately, for various reasons, they do not show a desire to exercise, and for this reason, they are more exposed to diseases resulting from inactivity. On the other hand, today sports has reached a level of expansion and development that is considered by experts as a "small world in society". According to experts, sport: shows the values, structure and driving force of society and reflects social characteristics (Abdali, 2006)

Women and men in the process of socialization through sports face a kind of male and female world in this field (Holland and Oglesby, 2008)

Also, through sports, one can learn about the level of social progress. And he judged economically or society, because the progress and development of sports depends on the socio-cultural factors governing the society (Abdali, 2006). Sedentary life is a global problem for society's health. Inactivity is the main cause of death, disease and disability. About two million deaths occur every year due to lack of physical activity, and preliminary findings from the World Health Organization research indicate that a sedentary life is one of the 15 major causes of death in the world (Chavo et al., 2006). One of the most important types of these strange and dangerous diseases is cancer, and the number of patients with different types of cancer is increasing day by day. This disease in various forms and with unknown causes traps many problems and very heavy treatment costs. Today, with detailed medical examinations, it is unbelievably clear that a large number of types of cancer do not require very expensive and complex drugs, and with the increase of sports activities in the patient, the symptoms of the disease decrease and recovery and control of the disease occurs. The improvement of colon and rectal cancer in elderly people (Chavo et al., 2006) and the improvement of prostate cancer among elderly men (Patel et al., 2007) are examples of these remarkable results and the importance of participating in sports activities in the community and maintaining and increasing their health. Anyway, it seems that the role of sports activities for the elderly is very important among the people of the society. And the elderly, by using planned and regular physical activities throughout their lives, increase their level of physical activity and physical and mental health. A researcher investigated the barriers to participation in physical activities in the city of Mantevia, Canada