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Ways of advice and advice in Saadi's works with emphasis on Bostan and Golestan

Number of pages: 169 File Format: word File Code: 31588
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Literature - Persian Language
Tags/Keywords: Golestan - Moral points - Persian politeness - Saadi - Saadi's works - the garden - Ways of advice
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  • Summary of Ways of advice and advice in Saadi's works with emphasis on Bostan and Golestan

    Dissertation for obtaining a Master's degree (M.A.)

    Direction: Persian language and literature

    Abstract        

    Admonitions are one of the most important poetic topics. The use of this method and tool in Persian literature and world literature has a long history. Poets can use different methods to express advice.  

    Saadi is one of the poets who has shown a special artistry and elegance in using advice and advice in his works, and in general, he has used two methods of allegory and wise words to express advice and advice. The allegory itself is also divided into different types.

    This thesis deals with the methods and techniques of using Wander's advice in Saadi's works. To achieve this goal, we have first found the methods used by Saadi for advice. Then we mentioned examples of them. To achieve the purpose, first by referring to various sources, we have found the verses and hadiths that Saadi used to advise and advise the audience, and we have analyzed and analyzed them, then we have analyzed allegory and its types from a lexical and idiomatic point of view, and we have brought examples from Bostan and Golestan and analyzed them. Finally, in a comprehensive and uniform field, we have defined wisdom, its similarities and differences with parables, brevity, and humor, and at the end, we have taken examples from Golestan and Bostan Saadi and analyzed them.

    Keywords: Saadi, Bostan, Golestan, methods of advice and advice.

    Introduction

    among Iranians, there are famous and eternal poets like San Ferdowsi, Molavi, Saadi, Hafez, Sanai, Nizami and others. There are those who have exalted the human spirit and culture, and with their perfectionism, they have invited all people to goodness, beauty, honor, greatness, and avoiding any kind of evil, and with the great works they have left behind, they have made us Iranians proud, and we are proud of them. And this is their great gift for us. But here we are talking about Saadi, whose fame is universal and he broke the borders of Iran and covered the world and made himself immortal not only in the history of Iranian literature but in the literature of the world.

    And this rule and literary influence still remains in the writing and speech of the people, and this influence is due to Saadi's thoughts and concepts, the stability of his words, and the simplicity and fluency of his speech, especially in the field of moral advice and admonitions in his verse and prose. It can be said that Saadi is unique and unique in the whole realm of Persian speech. Saadi's words, most of which contain a moral teaching, have reached perfection in an easy and restrained manner. This dissertation, which deals with the methods of advice and admonition in Saadi's works, is arranged in four chapters:

    The first chapter: It is organized as a description of Saadi's condition, which includes a brief description of Saadi's condition and life, his birth, travels, and the date of his death, as well as Saadi's speech style. With the title of a speech about penduanders, in addition to the definition of penduanders, we have discussed the expression and explanation of penduanders in Persian literature as well as the works of Sheikh Ajl.

    The third chapter: It includes the methods of advice and admonition in Saadi's works, we have discussed the tricks and methods used by the sheikh to express his moral points and advise the audience.

    Chapter four: Conclusions and suggestions.

    Research background

    Researchers have spoken in detail about the advice. But none of them have said anything about the methods of advice and its application in Saadi's works.However, articles have been written about advice and advice and its methods, which are referred to:

    1- "The article examining the function of allegory in educational literary works by Abbas Ali Vafaei" which was published in the journal of educational literature, number 18, in 2013. In this article, while pointing out that in each of the literary genres, the writer or poet seeks help from ways to express his meaning, he considered the ways of expression in educational literature to be allegory, simile, allegory, allegory, proverb and allegorical anecdotes. Twenty-seven was published in 1368. In this article, Dr. Safa first explains about the admonitions in Pahlavi literature and points out that each of the Persian-language poets who lived in the periods of "4th to 9th Hijri" have written verses in their poems that have the color and smell of admonitions. He also points out that all the admonitions we have in this period, whether translated from Pahlavi sources or otherwise, are based on the fact that a person should respect the way of life and social customs. to learn, to teach politeness and culture, to teach truth and correctness.

    Research objectives

    A-Scientific objectives:

    Explaining the position of Saadi among Persian speakers.

    B- Objectives Application:

    This research can be used in the following fields

    1- In the field of educational literature.

    2- In the field of aesthetic topics.

    Research method

    This research, which was carried out by an analytical and library method And I have tried to express the methods and tricks used by Sheikh Shiraz to express his instructions, and I have done the following steps to implement them:

    1- Detailed study of Bostan and Golestan, with special attention to the instructions in it.

    2- Extracting the methods and tricks that are in the books of Bostan and Golestan and Saadi, with Their application has followed its purpose.

    3- Definition and description of different methods of advice and advice and giving examples from Golestan and Bostan. style="direction: rtl;"> 

     

     

     

     

                             Chapter One: Saadi's condition and life

    Saadi

     

     

    In this chapter, we will give a brief description of the condition of Sheikh Ajal, Saadi Shirazi, and while referring to his name and titles, we will mention his works and brief records of his life:

    1-1- Name, Surname and Nickname of Saadi

    There are many differences of opinion about the name and nickname of Sheikh in books of history of literature and tazkira. But what is acceptable and common among the different opinions and is more important is the opinion of Dr. Zabihala Safa: "Al-Sheikh al-Imam al-Haggiq, Malik al-Kalam, Afsah al-Mutkalmin Abu Muhammad Musharraf al-Din (Sharaf al-Din) Mosleh bin Abdullah bin Musharraf al-Saadi Shirazi" which is the most accurate form of the Sheikh's name and titles. (Safa, 1373: 584)

         The reason for his last name "Saadi" according to the ancients, is that he took his poetic name from "Saad Bin Zangi". The late Safa writes in the book History of Literature as follows: "According to the earlier statements, his surname is Saadi because of his appearance in the time of Atabak Saad bin Zangi bin Modud Salghari (599-623) and according to Ibn Al-Fouti in his book Talkhis Majmall Al-Dab due to the attribution of Saadi to Saad bin Abi Bakr Saad bin Zangi; This opinion is accepted by contemporary researchers; But it is absolutely not unlikely that Saadi took his poetic name from the name of Saad Bin Zangi.

  • Contents & References of Ways of advice and advice in Saadi's works with emphasis on Bostan and Golestan

    List:

    Abstract 1

    Introduction. 2

    Research background. 4

    Research objectives. 5

    Research method. 5

    Chapter One: Saadi's condition and life. 6

    1-1- Name, surname and title of Saadi. 7

    1-2- Date of birth. 8

    1-3- Sheikh's childhood and adolescence. 9

    1-4- Saadi's travels. 10

    1-5- Return to Shiraz 11

    1-6- The works of Sheikh Ajl Saadi. 12

    A: Poem works. 12

    B: Prose works 13

    1-7- Saadi's death and tomb. 14

    1-8- Mamdohan Saadi. 15- 1-9- Saadi from the perspective of the elders 16- 1-10- The style and manner of Saadi's speech in Golestan and Bostan. 17

    Chapter Two: A speech about Wander's advice 24

    2-1- The meaning of advice and advice 25

    2-2- Advice and advice in Persian literature. 25

    2-3- Admonitions and admonitions in poetry 27

    2-4- Admonitions of Wonders in Saadi's works. 30

    Chapter 3: Ways of advice and advice in Saadi's works. 32

    3-1- Using Quranic verses in Bostan and Golestan. 33

    A: Examples of using Quranic verses in the garden. 33

    B: Examples of using Quranic verses in Golestan. 38

    3-2- Saadi's influence of Nahj al-Balaghe in Bostan and Golestan. 43

    A: Examples of Saadi's influence from Nahj al-Balagheh in Bostan. 44

    B: Examples of Saadi's influence from Nahj al-Balaghe in Golestan. 50

    3-3- Saadi's influence of hadiths in Bostan and Golestan. 57

    A: Examples of Saadi's effectiveness of hadiths in Bostan. 58

    B: Examples of Saadi's influence of hadiths in Golestan. 61

    3-4- Parable in Bostan and Golestan. 64

    3-4-1- Lexical meanings of allegory. 65

    3-4-2- Idiomatic meaning of parable. 65

    3-4-3- The purpose of using parables. 66

    3-4-4- Allegories and their examples in Bostan and Golestan. 67

    3-4-4-1- Animal stories (fables) 67

    A: Application of fables in the garden. 67

    B: Application of Fable in Golestan. 73

    3-4-4-2- Human stories (parables) 80

    A: The use of parables in the garden. 80

    B: The use of parables in Golestan. 92

    3-4-4-3- Example 97

    A: Example in the garden. 98

    B: Example in Golestan. 103

    3-4-4-4- Proverb in Bostan and Golestan. 106

    A: Proverb in the garden. 108

    B: Proverb in Golestan. 118

    3-5- Wise words in Bostan and Golestan. 125

    3-5-1- The literal meaning of wisdom. 125

    3-5-2- The idiomatic meaning of wisdom. 126

        3-5-3- common meaning between parable and wisdom. 126

    A: Wisdom in the garden. 126

    B: Wisdom in Golestan. 129

    3-7- Humor in Bostan and Golestan. 134

    A: Humor in the garden. 135

    B: Humor in Golestan. 142

    3-8- Ijaz in Bostan and Golestan. 146

    A: Ijaz in Bostan. 147

    B: Ijaz in Golestan. 149

    Chapter Four: Conclusions and Suggestions 154

    4-1- Conclusions and Suggestions 155

    Resources. 157

    English abstract. 161

    Source:

    The Holy Quran. (1376). Translated by Mohammad Mehdi Foulad Vand, Tehran, Darul Qur'an, 3rd edition. Barzegar Khaleghi, Mohammad Reza, (1386), description of Saadi's sonnets, Tehran, Zowar. Publications of Persian Philology Foundation, first volume.

    Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, (1386), under the supervision of Mustafa Mir Salim, Tehran, Islamic Encyclopedia Foundation, first edition.

    Dashti, Mohammad, (1386), translation of Nahj al-Balagha, Mashhad, Astan Qadi Razavi, ninth edition.

    Davodi, Mohammad, (1389), Moral Education, Qom, Hozha and University Research Institute, edition Third.

    Du Fouche Kor, Charles Henry de, (1377), Ethics, translated by Mohammad Ali Amir Moazi, Abdul Mohammad Rooh Bakhshan, Tehran, University Publishing Center.

    Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar, (1377), Dictionary, Tehran, University of Tehran, Volume 5.

    Radoiani, Omar Bin Mahmood, (1949), Translation of Al-Balagheh, by Ahmad Atash, Tehran, Ibrahim Printing House.  

    Zarin Koob, Abdul Hossein, (1373), with Karvan Halla, Tehran, Ilmi.

    Zulhaim, Rudolph, (1381), Ancient Arabic proverbs, translated by Ahmad Shafiei, Tehran, University Press.

    Shafiei, Mohammad Reza, (1370), Imaginations in Persian poetry, Tehran,

    Shakurzadeh, Ebrahim, (1382), twelve thousand Persian proverbs, Tehran, Astan Quds Razavi Publications

    Shamisa, Siros, (1371), Bayan, Tehran, Ferdous, second edition.

    -, (1375), Bayan and Maani, Tehran, Ferdous, second edition.

    Safa, Zabihullah, (1373), History of Iranian Literature, Tehran, Ferdous, 11th edition, vol. 1/3 and 2/3

    Mohed, Zia, (1373), Saadi, Tehran, new design, first edition.

    Maboudi, Zahra, (1385), Sociology in the works of Saadi, Tehran, Tirgan, first edition.

    Mohammadi Ray Shahri, Mohammad, (1386), Mizan al-Hikma, translated by Hamid Reza Sheikhi, Qom, Qom. Dar al-Hadith Publishing and Prose Organization, Volumes 1 and 2.

    Foroghi, Mohammad Ali, (1373), Kaliat Saadi, Tehran, Tirgan, second edition.

    Afifi, Rahim, (1379), Parables and wisdom in the works of poets from the 11th century to the 11th Hijri, Tehran, Soroush.

    Moslehuddin, Saadi, (1387), Golestan, corrected Gholamhossein Yousefi, Tehran, Khwarazmi, 8th edition.

    -, (1389), Bostan, corrected by Gholamhossein Yousefi, Tehran, Khwarazmi, 10th edition.

    Moin, Mohammad, (1364), Farhang Farsi, Tehran, Amir Kabir Publications, vol. 1.

    Miri, Leila, (1380), Saadi, Tehran, Tirgan, 1st edition.

    Niko Bakht, Nasser, (1380), satire in Persian poetry, Tehran, University of Tehran, first edition.                 

    Yousfi, Gholam Hossein, (1369), Cheshme Ya Roshan, Tehran, Elmi, 4th edition.

    -, (1386), Gold paper, Tehran, Sokhon, 2nd edition.

    Articles

    1 - Abolghasemi, Mohsen, (1380), Yasan fifty-third, Farhang, numbers 1 and 2.

    2- Parsa, Seyyed Ahmad, (1384), proverbs from a new perspective, the growth of Persian language and literature, number seventy-four, pp: 4-17.

    3- Jokar, Manouchehr, (1384), speaking and good humor from the perspective of Saadi, the growth of Persian language and literature education, number seventy-four, pp: 17-21.

    4- Chowdary, Mohammad Sharif, (1375), Saadi's educational advice in religious education, Parsi Letter, second issue, second issue, pp: 56-88.

    5- Zulfiqari, Hassan, (1391), use of proverbs in the poetry of Iranian poets, research journal of Persian language and literature, first issue, pp: 122-95. 

    6- Zarkani, Seyyed Mahdi, (1384), an analysis of the introduction of Golestan Saadi, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Tabriz, number forty-eight, pp: 152-104.

    7- Safa, Zabihullah, (1368), Anders, Iran Nameh, number twenty-seven, pp: 383-404 .

    8- Tabatabaei, Mohit, (1366), some points in the biography of Saadi, mention of Jamil Saadi, pp. 211-188.

    9- Kamali Sarostani, Koresh, (1390), Saadiology (fourth office), Shiraz, Saadiology Center, first edition.

    10- Maseh, Henry, (1369), research on Saadi, translated by Dr. Mohammad Hassan Mahdavi Ardabili and Dr. Gholamhossein Yousefi, Tehran, Toss.

    11- Noorani, Elias, (1391), the evolution of the concept of justice and its relationship with politics in Golestan Saadi, the specialized quarterly of Persian poetry and prose stylistics, number two, pp:471-461.

    12- Fatuhi, Mahmoud, (1383), "Allegory, nature, types, function", Journal of Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, No. 47-49, pp: 177-141.

    13- Passadi, Mohammad Ali, (2009), two suns in the same sky measuring the instructions of Ferdowsi in Shahnameh and Saadi in Bostan, Literary Research Quarterly, pp: 11-43.

    14- Nafisi, Saeed, (1348), Roudaki's life environment and circumstances, Tehran, Ibn Sina. 15- Vafaei, Abbas Ali, (1392), study of the function of allegory in educational literary works, educational literature research journal, number 18, pp: 23-46. 16- Yousefi, Gholam Hossein, (1350), Saadi's desirable world in Bostan, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, number twenty-two Six, pp: 284-309.

    17- Hadizadeh, Reza, (1363), Saadi and the Arabic language in the mirror of Golestan, Cultural Universe, number ten, pp: 42-56.

Ways of advice and advice in Saadi's works with emphasis on Bostan and Golestan
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