Dissertation for MA degree
Persian language and literature
Abstract
Culture and customs have always been with the people since long ago and have roots in the history of the people of every country. Over time, social and psychological factors affect the way these customs are held. With a deep look at the past and the special culture and customs that the people of Rafsanjan had in every ceremony; Among them, the Mehra Durah ceremony on the night of Yalda, breaking the fast in the holy month of Ramadan, mourning in the month of Muharram, singing Chavoshi and so on. that has existed in this city in the past, it all tells about the culture, civilization, science, philanthropy and firm faith of the people of this land, although most of the people whose hearts were a chest of secrets and rituals of the past are not among us, but their memory will remain alive and eternal in the hearts of the people of this city. The field and descriptive research conducted among a large number of elderly people of this historical city shows the special culture and high civilization of these people. The results showed that the people of Rafsanjan had special rituals and customs in all their ceremonies that distinguish their culture from other cultures and that great people and prominent men were born, grew and boasted in the shadow of this rich culture in this city, and some of them reached government positions or sacrificed their lives to defend the homeland and the pride of this land and water and did not submit to humiliation.
Key words: Rafsanjan, customs, marriage, Yalda, Nowruz Eid, century, circumcision, bright eyes, childbirth, mourning.
Chapter 1
Overview of research
Overview of research
The city of Rafsanjan once enjoyed a special prosperity and popularity. Although today it does not have the greatness of the past. This city is located in the northwest of the desert province of Kerman, which is at an altitude of 1460 meters above sea level and an area of ??about 10687 km. It is bordered by Bafaq and Zarand from the north, Bardsir from the south, Shahrbabak from the west, and Kerman and Zarand from the east. It has cold winters and hot and dry summers, and its average annual rainfall is 100 mm. According to the statistics of 1975, the population of this city is equal to 240,211 people and it includes 5 urban centers (Keshkoiyeh, Hossein Abad, Anar, Sarcheshmeh and Rafsanjan) and has four parts (Central, Anar, Nouq and Keshkoiyeh) which has 185 villages and a total of 458 inhabited villages and 509 farms in different places. This city has two seasonal rivers named Shoor and Giudari, the first one flows through Abbas Abad and the second one in Kamal Abad, and sometimes they cause damage. Rafsanjan has rich mines of copper, marble, silica, travertine, salt, lead, mineral pumice, gypsum, limestone, zinc, sulfate, sodium, barium and fluorine. Its cultivated area is nearly 106 thousand hectares, of which 94 thousand hectares are pistachio gardens. The copper production capacity is estimated at 1044 tons and the copper complex has more than 5000 personnel. The most important big industrial and production projects of the city include the industrial complex of agricultural machinery, numerous factories, including cheese, optical fiber, and technopakht. This city has a large collection of scientific and educational centers, including the universities of medical sciences, Wali Asr (AS), Islamic Azad, Kar, Payam Noor, teacher training centers for boys and girls, as well as Imam Sadiq (AS) education center. The distance between Kerman and Rafsanjan is 100 km, of which about 50 km is two-lane. Rafsanjan is located on the connecting roads of Kerman, Hormozgan, Baluchistan and Yazd. This city has a natural gas pipeline and in the near future, its sewage will also be channelized. The drinking water of Rafsanjan is sweet and cool and it can be said that it is equal to the water of Karaj. The people of this city speak with a special and sweet accent. This research is important because until now no research and investigation has been done on this matter, that is, the customs of the city of Rafsanjan, and after many investigations, I decided to conduct a research on this matter so that maybe I can write a part of the customs of this city and how to introduce the life and customs of the people of this city to the future generations, because with the passage of time, everything is forgotten.
Chapter Two
Research Background
Research Background
According to the historical background of this land and the existence of old buildings in this place and the presence of great men such as Sardar Kabir, the builder of Mr. Hashemi Rafsanjani, who arose from this land, and the bravery and bravery that are in the shadow of science and They did faith and action. It has contributed greatly to the promotion of the culture of this region. Considering the importance of the lives of the past and the great contribution made by these customs and cultural richness of the country, as well as with the ever-increasing expansion of science and its progress and the expansion of mass communication tools such as radio, television, satellite, telephone, magazines and newspapers, and the world becoming a global village and the influence of cities and countries on each other and the destruction of some of these customs, I decided that a part of that time in life and ceremonies have been carried out in the field of writing, which with the increase Increasing mass communication tools and easy access to this technology and the interference of cultures and customs of people and different nationalities, maybe in the coming years it will be difficult to deal with certain customs and nothing of these cultures will remain, and no city or country can feel pride and greatness as it should and perhaps without relying on the culture of its proud past. Because it does not have enough cultural richness. What comes in this thesis is a part of the customs and customs of the cultured people and the customs of Rafsanjan city in the past. I hope that I have been able to do justice to the content.
Given the importance and value of the past history of every city and country and what beliefs and customs did the ancestors who lived in this place before us have and how and with what methods and problems did they overcome the past? Why hasn't there been a basic justification for the life of our predecessors in this city? And we should not neglect this important issue that no nation can be indifferent to its past honors. Without knowing the past and the elders who lived before us, we will not have a bright future. Considering this important issue, I decided to do a general research about the customs of our city, maybe it will be useful for future generations. They should also know how the kind and heroic people lived with the culture of Rafsanjan city.
Abstract
Since along time ago, culture and tradition were inseparable parts of people's life and are rooted in the history of people of an area.
Over time, holding these traditions are influenced by social and mental factors. Culture and tradition of Rafsanjan's people in their celebration, such as mohreh doreh in Yalda night (the longest long of the year), giving the first meal of the fast in holy Ramezan month, morning in Moharram month in the past, are the sign of people's culture, civilization, humanism and their serious believing in God. Now, although, most of people whose heart was the treasure of past secrets and ritual, are vanished, but their memories in our heart are alive and immortal. The aim of this article is introducing the culture and tradition of Rafsanjan's people. The descriptive studies done in this area, a lot of the aged and old people of this historic city, indicate special culture and high civilization of Rafsanjan's people. The results showed that the people of Rafsanjan have had specific traditions and rituals in all of their celebrations which differentiated their culture from others. And that outstanding and great men were born, grown and developed in the light of this rich culture. Same of them reached governmental position or sacrificed their life for defending and pride of our country and did not bear humiliation.
: Rafsanjan, tradition, marriage, Yalda, Nowrooz, Sade.