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Analysis of the function of words in the post-modern sonnet of the eighties

Number of pages: 221 File Format: word File Code: 31583
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Literature - Persian Language
Tags/Keywords: ghazal - Ghazal format - High frequency vocabulary - language - Postmodern - Postmodern sonnet - Vocabulary - Vocabulary function
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  • Summary of Analysis of the function of words in the post-modern sonnet of the eighties

    Master's Thesis in Persian Language and Literature

    Abstract

    Title: Analyzing the function of words in the postmodern ghazal of the 80s

    Postmodern ghazal is a new name that was introduced to Persian literature in the 80s with the comprehensive efforts of Mehdi Mousavi. The most obvious feature of this sonnet, which makes the appearance and content of this kind of literature special; The language of this poem is Post-modern ghazal has become a kind of excess in terms of avoiding norms and adding rules.

    The variety of non-poetic words in it is impressive. The doors of post-modern ghazal are open to non-Persian words and obsolete and old words. Some of the poems that have been given as ghazal are not considered ghazal, but according to Mousavi, the ghazal form is allowed from all traditional forms. Doubt, sadness, and indifference are the dominant emotional states of these poems. Postmoderns' view of different concepts has nothing in common with what was expressed in poetry and literature before it.

    In this research, after finding commonly used words, their characteristics are analyzed in terms of phonetic, syntactic, emotional, and sometimes even practical and semantic functions. The pronouns you and me are used more in these verses than in other cases. The diversity of using colors, specific names, female symbols, five senses, animal names, numbers and folk beliefs has led to the widening of the vocabulary of this poem. .

    Keywords: Postmodern, sonnet, language, high-frequency vocabulary, function of vocabulary. 

    Foreword

    This dissertation with the topic "Analysis of the function of words in the postmodern sonnet of the 80s" due to its broad title, required specific and multifaceted studies in the fields of linguistics and postmodernism on the one hand and sufficient knowledge of contemporary and 80s literature.

    Difficulties of the work from It came from there that many linguistics and post-modern topics were completely abandoned due to translation, and the lack of compatibility of some of its topics with Persian literature. When a detailed study of Mousavi's postmodern and abbreviated sonnets began; The great difference between the poetry of these poets and Fazel Nazari, Mehdi Faraji and Seyed Ahmad Hosseini was identified. It could be understood that the poetry of these two groups are completely separate and sometimes they are unrelated and sometimes they are in opposition to each other. But it had passed since the approval of the matter and the work should have continued.

    The special character and literary, political and social activities of Mousavi and Abbreviated - which is not approved or rejected by this side and I do not consider myself a judge - had caused the works of these two poets and students of their school to not be seen in any bookstore. Many sites related to them were filtered, literary circles and specialized publications were closed.  Even though many doors were knocked with heart and soul, behind many doors there was only a long wall and a dead end. With a lot of pains, the primary materials - the collection of Musawi's poems and abbreviated ones were obtained in the form of pdf versions from internet sites. But unfortunately, due to the complexity and excessive familiarity of these poems, it was not easy to establish a relationship with these verses. Although this situation did not apply to the poetry of Faraji, Nazari and Hosseini. As a result of repeated reading and writing, it became possible to get familiar with the twists and turns of these poems. The newness of the topic and the lack of successful and well-documented researches that are used as research sources were also other concerns. 

    No effort in learning is useless and in fact there is no book that is not worth reading once. What is in front of you educated audience is undoubtedly not without flaws. But as the author's first research experience, it is new in taking new points. And it is like a classroom that complements the student hours in the presence of my valuable professors in the faculty of Persian language and literature at Salman Farsi University in Kazeroon.I will be grateful for the unreserved efforts of these dear ones, I hope they will forgive me the shortcomings of the work with their magnanimity. style="direction: rtl;">problem design

    The Ghazal form is one of the most popular forms of Persian poetry. After the emergence of Nima and the popularity of nimai poetry and the presentation of successful works in this field, people of poetry and literature have seen that contemporary ghazal with a variety of topics, appearance, different rhymes, long lines and many innovations by the poets of the 60s, 70s and 80s actively showed itself.

    In the 80s, Mehdi Mousavi introduced "postmodern ghazal, held training classes, and trained students to publish a specialized postmodern publication in another door." He opened to our contemporary ghazal and his students addressed him as the father of the postmodern ghazal. The most obvious feature that distinguishes this type of ghazal from all the ghazals of Persian literature is the language of this type of ghazal. In this research, the phonetic, emotional, and syntactic roles of these ghazals are examined, and linguistic innovations and frequently used words and other language functions are analyzed. 1-2- Importance and necessity of research. style="direction: rtl;">The lack of documented research on this topic and the essential and different role of words in the formation of postmodern sonnets, the role of a research in understanding this innovative method, the writer's interest in the form of sonnets and contemporary literature, and clarifying the dimensions of postmodern poetry can be considered as the importance and necessity of conducting this research.

    1-3- The purpose of the research

    The place of language and words in giving a different form to the postmodern sonnet and linguistic functions are examined to help the audience in better understanding this type of poetry. And to be a motivation for further research about this new poetic experience.

    1-4- Research background: (overview of internal and external research)

    Books A lot and many articles have been published on the postmodern topic, which are related to the subject of this research to the extent of being familiar with the postmodern attitude and postmodern literature in other countries. However, a work that independently examines postmodern poetry in Persian literature has not been published. Only a thesis
    "An Approach to Modernism in Contemporary Ghazal" written by Mr. Mahmoud Tayyeb and his supervisor Dr. Mohammad Ali Zahrazadeh at the University of Sistan and Baluchistan can help us in the formation of the mentality of how classical Persian literature reached the modern stage, so that we can examine the arrival of the postmodern in this research. And the topic of his work and this research are very different. The recent thesis is very different from this research work. Because modern and postmodern are two different spectrums in terms of words, meaning and poetry. The closeness of the time when the sonnets were written to the time of this research and the government's dealings with the activity of muse and brevity and the lack of understanding of this poem by many audiences, even the special audience of literature, has caused the research topic to remain unknown to poetry and literature people until now. At first, books and articles related to post-modern and post-modern sonnets and collections of available poems of prominent poets published in the 80s were found, and the various functions of language in these poems were examined by careful study and analysis.  The necessary materials were extracted and after the completion of the extraction, the collected materials were classified and compiled in response to the questions raised.

    1-6- Research questions

    1. How wide is the range of vocabulary used in postmodern sonnets?

    2. What are the linguistic innovations of the postmodern sonnet?

    3. What is the role of words in the emotional, phonetic and syntactic function of postmodern sonnets?

    4.

  • Contents & References of Analysis of the function of words in the post-modern sonnet of the eighties

    List:

    Abstract

    Chapter 1: Introduction and background of the research

    1-1- Problem design .. 2

    1-2- Importance and necessity of research. 2

    1-3- Research objectives .. 2

    1-4- Research background. 2

    1-5- Research method.. 3

    1-6- Research questions. 3

    Chapter Two: Introduction to the research topic

    2-1- Art and beauty... 5

    2-2- Modernism and postmodernism. 6. 2-3- The flow of contemporary poetry. 19. 2-4- Brief biographies of research poets. 26.

    The third chapter: phonetic function

    3-1-Introduction to phonetic function. 32

    3-1-1- Phonemic arrangement.. 32

    3-1-2- Bringing the letters of the alphabet in a separate form.                  35

    3-1-3-Using Latin letters in verses. 37

    3-1-4- The use of Latin words in Persian. 38

    3-1-5- Repeating a phoneme in a word. 40

    3-1-6- Use of specialized and semi-specialized words. 42

    3-1-7- The use of old words in post-modern poetry. 44

    3-1-8- Use of vulgar and rude words. 45

    3-1-9- The use of words as a chain. 47

    3-1-10- Phonological processes. 48

    3-2-Repetition. 52

    Chapter Four: Emotional Function

    4-1-Income on emotional function. 55

    4-1-1-Love .. 56

    4-1-2- Crying .. 63

    4-1- 3- Sadness .. 69

    4-1-4- Tired.. 73

    4-1-5- Pain .. 77

    4-1-6- Despair and pessimism. 82

    4-1-7- Waiting... 87

    4-1-8- Indifference... 92

    4-1-9- Fear, panic and apprehension. 95

    4-1-10-Loneliness.. 100

    4-2- Sensation.. 107

    4-3- Delusional elements.. 107

    4-4- Folk beliefs. 109

    Chapter five: syntactic function

    5-1-Introduction to syntactic function. 112

    5-2- Linguistic innovations. 112

    5-3- Grammatically used roles. 125

    5-3-1-adjectives .. 125

    5-3-2 adverbs .. 134

    5-3-3- use of pronouns. 140

    5-3-4- The use of prepositions. 147

    5-3-5- The name of the sound.. 149

    5-3-6- The name of the sound.. 153

    5-4- Negative verbs.. 156

    5-5- The abundant use of command and prohibition verbs. 158

    5-6- Use of the word inside. 160

    5-7- Use of the word hey. 162

    5-8- Incomplete sentences. 164

    Sixth chapter: other functions of language in frequently used words

    6-1- Women and feminine symbols. 169

    6-2-Men.. 179

    6-3- Childhood and children in postmodern poetry. 184

    6-4- Postmodernism and doubt. 185

    6-5- The place of colloquial language in postmodern works. 187

    6-6- Postmodernism and determinism. 189

    6-7- God in postmodern poetry. 190

    6-8-Death and thinking about death in postmodern thinking. 196

    6-9-Suicide. 201

    6-10- Postmodern poetic images. 205 6-11 - The lack of subjectivity of postmodern poetry. 206 6-12- Unintelligibility of postmodern poetry. 207

    6-13- The meaninglessness of postmodern poetry. 209

    6-14-Naughtiness and absurdity. 210

    6-15-Job terms. 213

    6-16- Use of animal names. 216

    6-17- Application of chapter names. 222

    6-18- Day and night use. 225

    6-19- Application of colors. 227

    6-20- Use of body parts. 232

    6- 21-Five senses. 234

    6-22- Postmodern humor and poetry. 250

    6-23- Sleep and its necessities. 254

    6-24- Tales and stories. 257

    6-25- Use of numbers .. 262

    6-26- Proper nouns. 266

    6-27- Addressing. 289

    6-28- Photo poetry .. 291

    6-29- Visual poetry .. 292

    Chapter 9: Conclusion. 296. Sources and references.  Maple green cradle (life and poetry of Simin Behbahani).  Tehran: third publication. Ahmadi, Babak (1369). The structure of text interpretation. Tehran: Marwarid.

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    R. C. Hicks, Steven (1391). Explanation of postmodernism, translated by Hasanpour Sefir, Tehran: Qaqnos.

    Ashuri, Dariush (1373). Poem and thought. Tehran, Neshar Al-Karzan.

    Afrini, Youssef (2011).Nietzsche and postmodern drama. Tehran: Avai Danesh Gostar.

    Babachahi, Ali (1376). Single statements. Tehran: .

    Batani, Mohammad Reza (1354). New linguistic issues. Tehran: Aghah Pashaei. AD (1382) The name of all your poems (the life and poetry of Ahmad Shamlou A, Bammad). Volume 1, Tehran: Third Edition.

    Pournamdarian, Taghi (1377). My house is a cloud (Nima's poem from tradition to modernity). Tehran: Soroush.

    Jangz, Charles (B.T.A.). What is postmodernism?  Translated by Farhad Mortezaei. Mashhad (Gonabad) : Mendiz Publishing.

    Hassan Lee, Kavos (1383) Types of Innovation in Contemporary Iranian Poetry, Tehran: Third Edition

    Hosseini, Seyed Ahmad (1391). An adhesive called a wound. Tehran: The fifth chapter.

    Haqoqi, Mohammad (1379). The poetry of our time, Mahdi Akhwan the third. Tehran: Negah Publishing Institute.

    Haghighi, Shahrokh (2011). The passage of modernity. Tehran: Age.

    Davari Ardakani, Reza (1391). Postmodern thought. Tehran: Sokhn.

    Ruzbeh, Mohammad Reza (1379). The evolution of Persian Ghazal (from the Constitution to the Islamic Revolution). Tehran: Rozbeh Publishing House.

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