The importance of reflecting the sacredness of divination and istikhara in verse literature

Number of pages: 184 File Format: word File Code: 31582
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Literature - Persian Language
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    Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree

    Abstract

    "Fal" is an Arabic word, which means optimism and augury for good and the opposite of "Taira" (evil). It is insightful and brings good to the heart. Horoscope originates from prophecy. In the past, many believed in supernatural forces. And they considered them to be effective in determining their destiny and future, this belief is not only among some deprived and illiterate strata, but also among some ruling class and nobles who were in charge of government affairs and country administration; It was popular. With the passage of time, the influence of the planets on the present and future life has become a social belief in some people's thoughts. In the religion of Islam, it is ordered to be a good omen. Since poets are considered to be part of the scholarly stratum and eloquent language of the society. This thought process is placed in the labels of their works, and today, with the passage of time, the reflection of the sacredness of "Fal" and "Istikhara" together, with its ancient meaning, is common in the poems of some poets. This thesis, first of all, has explained and explained the horoscope and its derivatives, such as: "prophecy", "horoscope", "tateer" and "estikhare" from the lexical and conceptual point of view. Then, by examining the thoughts of poets in Persian verse literature, it has been concluded that despite all the differences between the deniers and believers of this thought, learned poets such as: Rudaki, Ferdowsi, Khaqani, Nizami, Molana, Saadi, Hafez, Moshiri, Naderpour, etc. There are people who have recognized the importance of fortune telling and prophecy. And in their works, they have had a positive opinion on this intellectual approach.                                                                                                

    Keywords:

    Forecasting, fortune-telling, istikhara, astrology, interpretation, Qadasat and Persian verse literature

    1- 1- Introduction of the research

    Man has been searching for a way to master time in order to find out the causes of natural and supernatural phenomena around him, in order to know his future and destiny. He became a Bahamuri believer; which affected the whole range of his beliefs and life. In such a way that today, despite the progress of human sciences, many of those beliefs have remained in their power.

    The root of this thinking comes from the fact that among all the ancient peoples, especially in Mesopotamia, there was an opinion that the fate of man is completely in the hands of the gods, and such an absolute compulsion prevails over the fate of people's lives by mentioning details and precision. In addition, there was this belief that the supernatural force that determined our fate; They are able to convey their wishes for help to our awareness and help us and prevent the intentions of evil and powerful forces against us. Strengthening the belief in the influence of the stars on human life and prophesying with the stars dates back to more than 400 years BC.

    With this description, beliefs and opinions, whether positive or negative, always arise from the "language of popular culture" and gain strength between the poor and rich people of the society, but the motivation of choosing the topic of "divination and istikhara in verse literature" for the present research is a fundamental question. was, which had always occupied the writer's thoughts during his education, at this stage of his education, and I thought to myself that how poets have depicted the importance of the sacredness of horoscopes and istikhara in their poems, and how is it reflected in the poems of contemporary poets? And since no research with this title has been done in poetry literature, I decided to take a small step in this important research with the unwavering and compassionate guidance of respected professors.

    To clarify the issue, this thesis is compiled in the following five chapters:

    Chapter one: titled General Research, including: Introduction, problem statement, research questions, importance and necessity of research, background and goals.

    Chapter Two: In this chapter, the topic of research, that is, the concept of divination and istikhara, is examined from a lexical and conceptual point of view.

    Chapter 3: In this chapter, biographies, poetic style and works of prominent poets have been collected to advance the research goals.

    Chapter 4: This is the most important chapter of the research. And it examines the concept of divination and istikhara in the poetic literature. The fifth chapter presents the conclusion of the research. In the cultures, it means omen, horoscope, luck, prediction and fate telling. It is also referred to as science in various books. It is a science, by which some future events are known. And this work is done by opening the Holy Quran or the books of the great ones, such as Diwan Hafez and Masnavi of Maulvi and the like." (Ma'in, 1357: under the word fortune-telling) Istikhara also means the rising star, a part of the zodiac and fortune-telling, and taking fortune-telling to do something with the Qur'an. And. (same)

    Divination is a way to know the future and find awareness of what is going to happen or will happen. The sanctity of this method has been so great in cultures among different ethnic groups and nations that it has always attracted a lot of Taliban. With no hope of this, it was predicted that the lottery of the government would fall in our name. )             

    (Hafiz, 244:1379)

    There is no particular consensus regarding the original birthplace of Fal. One of the oldest examples of divination was from the city of "Sippar" where Shamsh was praised for the art of divination and divination. (Qadiani, 1387: 529)

    Foretelling and divination played an effective role in the social and political life of the Greeks. The Greeks wanted to know the will of the gods about everything, and they thought that God's will was with different signs called tafal; (Nas, 1354:52) And in ancient Iran, Babylonian and Indian astronomical sciences were popular during the period of the Medes, Achaemenids and Sasanians. As Ferdowsi and other poets' many use in reflecting concepts such as: the location of the planets, the constellations, the twelve signs, the sense of the stars and their influence on the success or failure of the kings and heroes of the stories have been greatly appreciated. (Ferdousi, 1375, vol.1: 16)

    I am lucky from the Gemini horoscope to be a fortune teller and fortune-teller

    (Nizami, 1387:407)

    Mercury, these two odes are of two bodies. Mercury's boast is worse than two bodies. And they avoided flying. It is narrated from the Prophet (PBUH) that he liked fortune-telling and did not like fortune-telling. "We did not give my sleep to Istakharola." Whoever seeks good from God should not despair, and whoever consults should not regret. (Nahj al-Fasaha, 1356: 536)

    And what is certain, the spread of divination through fortune-telling and its use by the public and private led to its entry into the world of poetic literature. rtl;">(Nazari Qahestani, 1371:319)     

    The use of divination, istikhara and astrology is bold among some societies and is spoken in the form of parables. "The horoscope of Imam Jafar Sadiq (AS) is; He doesn't have any bad feelings. That means he always agrees with everyone, even against them. (Dehkhoda, 1386: under the word divination) or "Make a good fortune for everything." (same)

    Now in most countries, fortune-telling with religious scriptures and for example in countries like Italy, fortune-telling with "Virgil's poems" is accepted.

  • Contents & References of The importance of reflecting the sacredness of divination and istikhara in verse literature

    List:

    Abstract .. 1

    Chapter One: Generalities

    Introduction to the research ..2

    1-2- Statement of the problem ..4

    1-3- Research questions..6

    1-4- Research background ..6

    1-5- Objectives and necessity of the research..7

    1-6- Research hypotheses ..7

    1-7- Research method..7

    1-8- Definitions of research words. events. 12

    a) ephemeral astrology .. 13

    b) natal astrology .. 13

    2-2- prediction and prophesy 16

    2-2-1- Sibulai prophesy 17

    2-2-2-Hystaspian prophesy 17

    2-2-3- prophesy Gestasp. 17

     

     

     

     

     

    2-2-4- Prophecy of Jamasp. 17

    2-2-5- Prophecy of Nostradamus. Nice..22

    2-3-1-1- Ways to get rid of bad omens.24

    2-3-2- Variety of omens in social belief. 37

    2-4-2-Types of astrology..38

    2-4-2-1- Solar astrology. 38

    2-4-2-2-Chinese astrology. ..42

    2-5- Bakht ..44

    2-6- Istikhara ..45

    2-6-1- Types of Istikhara ..47

    2-6-1- 1- Istikhara prayer of the essence of al-Raqa. 47

    2-6-1-2- Istikhara of the Rosary..48

    2-6-1-3- Istikhara according to the Qur'an. 48

    2-7- Divination and Istikhara according to other religions. 49

    2-7-1- Good omens and Istikhara in Islam. 50

    2-8- Proverbs and rulings of fortune-telling and divination. 53

    Chapter 3: The field of research

    3- Description and works Prominent poets. 55

    3-1- Rudaki Samarkandi..56

     

    3-1-1- Rudaki's style..56

    3-1-2- Rudaki's works..57

    3-2- Ferdosi Toosi..58

    3-2-1- Ferdosi's style in Shahnameh 58

    3-2-2- The influence of planets in Ferdowsi's thought. 58

    3-3- Nasser Khosrow Qabadiani. Hakim Qabadiani. 62

    3-4- Sanai Ghaznavi ..63

    3-4-1- Style of Sanai ..63

    3-4-2- Works of Hakim Sanai ..64

    3-5- Khaqani Sharvani ..65

    3-5-1- Khaqani's speech style 66

    3-5-2- Khaqani works..66

    3-6- Hakim Nizami Ganjavi..66

    3-6-1- Military style..67

    3-6-2- Military works..68

    3-7- Rumi..68

    3-7-1- Rumi style..69

    3-2-7-2- Works of Rumi. Nazari..72

    3-10- Hafez Shirazi..73

    3-10-1- Hafez's poetic style.73

    3-11- Jami..75

    3-11-1- Jami's style..76

    3-11-2- Jami's works..76

    3-12- Mohtsham Kashani ..77

    3-12-1- Mohtsham's style of speech.77

    3-12-2- Mohtsham's works ..78

    3-13- Vahazi Bafghi ..78

    3-13-1-Vahazi's style and style of speech.79

    3-13-2- Wild works ..79

    3-14- Bidel Dehlavi ..80

    3-14-1- Dehlavi style ..80

    3-14-2- Dehlavi works ..81

    3-15- Qaani ..81

    3-15-1- Vebayan style 82. Qaani. 3-15-2- Works of Qaani. The poets of Spring.

    3-18-2- Moshiri's works ..86

    3-19 - Nader Naderpour..87

    3-19-1- Naderpour's style ..87

    3-19-2- Naderpour's works ..88

    Chapter four: research data

    4- Manifestation of horoscopes and divination in Persian poetry 89

    4-1- The origin of divination and istikhara.91

    4-2- Prophecy, the first step of prophecy.92

    4-2-1- Prophecy factors.94

    4-3-Methods of divination with the science of astrology. 99

    4-3-1- Fertility astrology. 99

    4-3-2- Horoscope astrology (astrology). 101

    4-4- Luck. 112

    4-5- Morwa and Morgwa in poems. 115

    4-6- Types of omens in poetry. 117

    4-6-1- Omens of the days of the week. 117

    4-6-2- Fortune telling on birth and death. 118

    4-6-3- Fortune telling on living things (owl, crow, worm and camel). 121

    4-6-4- Omens Objects. 123

    4-6-4-1 mirror horoscope. 125

    4-6-4-2 comb horoscope. 126

    4-6-4-3 pea horoscope. 126

    4-6-4-4 soil or sand horoscope. 126

    4-6-4-5 letter horoscope. 127

    4-6-1-5-other omens (flower, flame or fire, bubble). 127

     

     

    4-7- Emphasis of Barfal Nik poets. 129

    4-8- Horoscopes that are widely used in poems. 133

    4-8-1- Mushaf or "Istikhara" horoscope. 133

    4-8-1-1- Rosary horoscope. 137

    4-8-2- "Hafez Horoscope". 138

    4-8-3- Facial Organs Horoscope. 140

    4-8-3-1- Face Horoscope. 140

    4-8-3-2- Eye and Ear Horoscope. 144

    4-8-3-3- "Tear" Horoscope. 145

    4-8- 4- Horoscope or palmistry. 145

    4-8-5- Astrology.

    4-9- Horoscope and istikhara in the thought of poets. 149

    Chapter 5: Conclusion

    5- Conclusion. 154

    Sources. 157

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The importance of reflecting the sacredness of divination and istikhara in verse literature