Dissertation for Master's Degree
Persian Language and Literature (M.A)
Abstract:
The Travels of Nasser Khosrow is a book attributed to Nasser Khosrow Qabadiani Balkhi, this book is a report of a seven-year journey of 2220 miles . This trip started from Marv on the 6th of Jumadi al-Akhr 437 lunar year and ended on the last Jumadi al-Akhr 444 lunar year by returning to Balkh. Since his poems contained advice, advice, and wisdom, he was called Hakim, Hakim Nasser, or Seyyed Al-Hakma. Nasser Khosrow is among the poets who took the Qur'an from, so in his works, he used the verses of the Qur'an to prove his own beliefs. Also, he was critical of most of the intellectual sciences of his time, such as Greek philosophy, arithmetic, medicine, music, astrology, philosophy, and speech, and he repeatedly emphasized in his poems that he was surrounded by these sciences. It is possible that we have tried to investigate and analyze the social journeys of Nasser Khosrow very carefully at first. Let's form this treatise based on previous anthropological ideas, then in the final part, examine and analyze the travelogue in terms of understanding the society and people of that era, their customs and traditions, and the social conditions of a part of the Islamic world in the first half of the fifth century of Hijri, as well as Nasser Khosrow's worldview, power of vision, and the art of description.
Nasser Khosro's travelogue - Hajj - Pilgrimage
A) Introduction:
Nasser Khosro nicknamed Hojjat was born in 394 AH in Qabadian, Balkh, and died in 481 AH in Samangan, Badakhshan. His title was Hujjat Wahjat Zamin Khorasan, which was the title of his religious rank in Ismailia, and was delegated to him by the Fatimid Caliph. Nasser Khosrow is also mentioned in tazkira with Alavi fame, perhaps because he is related to Imam Ali bin Musa al-Reza (a.s.) by 5 intermediaries, and perhaps it is through the titles to Ali's family and the expression of that interest in his works.
Nasser Khosrow Born from the Mohtashmi family, he entered the court of the sultans in his youth and reached a high position. He saw the court of the kings of Ajam and the sultans, such as Sultan Mahmud and Masoud. At an early age, he made his way into the government offices and reached a high position. He was engaged in the work of the court. The situation changed and he thought of understanding the facts and he often debated with the scholars of his time.
In short, after going through apparent authorities, Naser fell into the thought of searching for the truth and visited many cities and held meetings with different scholars, and Naser Khosrow noticed the hypocrisy of the religious scholars who got their money from bribes and false asceticism, until in 437 A.H. he saw a dream in Jawzjanan. This wandering ended the situation, so by the command of the one who pointed to the Qiblah in a dream and showed the truth on the other side, he made the Hajj journey with his younger brother Abu Saeed and an artistic slave. This journey lasted 7 years and he returned to Balkh in the year 444 with his other brother Abul Fatah Abdul Jalil. In this journey, he made the Hajj 4 times and visited the regions of Iran, Darmanistan, Asia Minor, Aleppo, Tripoli, Syria, and Palestine. He visited Jazeera Arab, Egypt, Kirwan, Nouha, and Sudan, and spent 3 years in Egypt and converted to the Ismaili religion. He reached the service of the Fatimi Caliph Al-Mu'atasam, the God of the Abobatnins, Muhammad ibn Ali, after going through the ranks and steps, he was given the rank of Hujjat, and from the Fatimid Imam, he was chosen as the Hujjat of the island of Khorasan, which was one of the 12 islands of the Ismaili Da'wa, and the task of publishing the Ismaili religion and publishing its works was arranged. His few opponents increased among the fanatics and made the work difficult, even a fatwa was given to kill him, and he, who was also caught up in the very strong opposition of Selajqah to Shia, was forced to slander the religion of Qurmatism, atheists, and Rafe'i.He reached the service of the Fatimi Caliph Al-Mu'atasam, the God of Abu Batnain Muhammad bin Ali, and after going through the ranks and stages, he was given the rank of Hujjat, and from the Fatimid Imam, he was chosen as the Hujat of the island of Khorasan, which was one of the 12 islands of Ismaili Da'wa. His few opponents among the fanatics increased and made the task difficult, even a fatwa was given to kill him, and he, who was also caught by the very strong opposition of Seljuk to Shia, had to leave his homeland by slandering the religion, being an atheist, an atheist, and a rafi'i, in order to get rid of the evil of Nasibis. He went and chose Wimgan as his permanent residence and settled in a fortress of Yamgan, which was a strong city, in the middle of the mountains, and until the end of his life, he was engaged in the administration of the Fatimids and Khorasanis, and his death happened in this valley of Yamgan, Badakhshan in 481 AH. At the beginning of his youth, Khosrow suffered in the acquisition of sciences and arts, and he memorized the Qur'an, and he had knowledge of all the common sciences of his time, especially the Greek sciences, and he knew well the science of theology and the wisdom of the ancients, and he had deep researches about nations and cultures, and he had a great interest in books and knowledge. They include his divan, which some have considered to be 30 thousand verses, which includes poems and poems. The third of Saadat Namah, which is both in advice and wisdom, his divan is enflamed with words and combinations that are common in the late 4th century, and the characteristic of his poetry is that it contains a lot of sermons and wisdom, and Naser Khosrow has followed the example of Maruzi in this matter. rtl;">His prose works are:
1-Khuan Akhwan 2- His opening 3- Jame al-Hakmatin 4- Travelogue 5- Zad al-Masfarin 6- The face of religion 7- Bostan al-Aqool 8- Dilil al-Muthahirin There is no trace of the last two books, but his other books are available.
Zad al-Masafrin from It is considered the most important theological books of Ismailia, and the face of religion is also written through theological issues through the Ismailis.
Chapter One
General research
b) Statement of the issue
The main issue in this review is the analysis of Nasser Khosrow's travels during these seven years. which had a great effect on the perfection of the soul and the cultivation of the soul in Nasser Khosrow and introducing us to the works of Nasser Khosrow, whose travelogue is the result of this trip, which he himself says: the journey is a man's teacher, and in the same way, the Amir of Badakhshan sent 82 verses of Abu al-Haytham's ode to Nasser Khosrow, and Naser Khosrow, in response to the Amir's request, wrote the book of the Jame Al-Hakmatin, and the result of this seven-year journey is about two thousand and two hundred For twenty (2220) Farsangi, he took exquisite notes from what he saw and heard every day, free of ambiguity and far from exaggeration and phrasing. After returning home, he made them orderly and wrote a book that contains valuable information about the knowledge of a part of the Islamic world of the first half of the fifth century Hijri with the moods, beliefs, and actions in the customs and traditions of its people.
c) Importance and necessity of research
With the investigations that were done in this case and following the searches, we came to the conclusion that no written source has been collected and compiled in this field, so according to my personal interest, I started compiling and compiling this treatise (dissertation) and started a work as "Review of the social analysis of Nasser Khosrow's travelogue". Parts of this collection include: Nasser's biography Khosrow (Nasser Khosrow's biography), Nasser Khosrow's travels, the social situation of Nasser Khosrow's time, the analysis of Nasser Khosrow's spiritual condition, which have been compiled and prepared only for the compilation of this work, and other parts which have been scientifically collected and analyzed in a wider and regular manner.
Abstract
Travel is a book attributed to Naser Khosrow Khosrow Balkhi Qbadyany, this book is a report of a seven-year journey of 2,220 miles. The journey began in the sixth Jumada subjects Merv in 437 AH and 444 AH Jumada subjects in Balkh ended with the return.