Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A)
Tension: Persian language and literature
Abstract
Without a doubt, in every nation, especially among the Iranian people, the culture and manners of every nation, more than what is recorded in written sources and treatises, flow in the chest and mind of common people. has Folk culture, which is based on the heritage and ancient principles of civilization, is not accompanied by any scientific method and logical reasoning. It is also not clear who invented them and when they started. Apart from the written works, thousands of stories and legends were common orally and word of mouth in the villages, cities and foothills of this border region and were told either in coffee houses or at night in homes. Customs, beliefs, celebrations, songs and such issues also form the popular culture of a society. Among the different types of oral literature are stories and legends that show us the ups and downs of human life and the heroes of human life, which are mixed with pain and suffering, Sufism and peace. Proverbs that reveal to us the way of life and the way people of the past dealt with the issues around them and their experience. The songs and elegies that express the separation, love, pain and heartwarming feelings of these people.
Zarand city is one of the areas that throughout history has always been a meeting place for scholars and mystics, and the existing spirituality has caused a special memory to be attached to it. The effort to collect and compile the popular culture of Zarand reveals to the readers the corners of the life of the people of this region and is an effective way to identify the intellectual and behavioral ways of the inhabitants of the region, which has long been a source of influence on other cultures. rtl;">
Chapter One
Introduction (statement of the problem)
Definition of the problem and the importance and necessity of research
Zarand is one of the cities of the province It is Kerman and covers an area of ??11,521 square kilometers in the north of this province. Currently, this city is limited from the north to Raver Kerman city, from the east to the central part of Kerman city, from the south to the suburbs of Kerman and Chetrod, and from the west to Rafsanjan city. The climate of this city is divided into two parts, one is the northern region with a desert climate, and the other is the mountainous region, which has a moderate mountain climate. In general, Zarand region is located in a climate with hot and dry summers and cold and dry winters.
Population
Zarand city is 1650 meters above sea level and the total population of this region according to the 1385 census of central Iran is 2653710 people, which of course This population was 57,506 people in 1345, due to the discovery of coal mines and the creation of railways and the expansion of communications, as well as following the transformation of it into a city and the joining of Kohbanan to it, the population increase of Zarand gained more momentum. "Zaravand" has been famous. The name of Zaravand, as stated in the book of Avesta: it refers to a place where there were many rivers around it, this is also consistent with the geographical location of Zarand, the existence of traces and remnants of past floods proves this.
There are many other meanings about the word Zaravand, including:
1- In a book called the history of the evolution of the word "Zar" and "Vand", which is the same as Zaravand and Zarand, means a fertile place..
There are many other meanings about the word Zaravand, including:
1- In a book called the history of the evolution of the word "Zar" and "Vand", which is the same as Zaravand and Zarand, it is mentioned in the mentioned book that: around the village of Jalalabad Zarand, there were gold mines, which the people, after discovering the mines, began to extract them. They have paid, and because the extraction reaches a high slope, according to the basic facilities of that day, extraction was difficult and exhausting, so they abandon it.
2- "Zara" and "Wand" where zara means gold and vand means place, i.e. "place of gold", of course, the other meaning of it also means a kind of medicine, which is of two types, one is long zaravand, which means long, and it is called Shajre Rostam and Qatha al-Jaba, and it is male. It is thicker than the male finger, it is hot in the wire, and the other is called zaravand mod haraj, which means it is round and it is female, and it is known as shahi, the best gold is in saffron, and it is hot in the second and it is dry in the wire and open.
3- Another meaning of zaravand is a plant from the dicotyledonous category, without petals, which makes up the family of zaravands, this family is one of the families close to Esfanajian.
4- Another meaning of Zaravand is Mobad and Mobdan Bahram Gur and also Narsi his minister.
The historical background of Zarand
About the historical history of the city of Zarand, it is enough to say only a short sentence written by Yaqut Hamavi, the great geographer of Islam in the sixth and seventh centuries. It is written in the book "Majam al-Baldan", we do not mention it. The great ancient city of Kerman, the nobles of the cities of Kerman"
Zarand, with the movement of fatheh in the first and second, and the non-dative noun and without a dot, is an ancient and large city of the leading cities of Kerman.
The city of Zarand was used in ancient languages ??to mean sea, lake, and sometimes river, and later it became zarang, zaravand, and zarand, as it is from the history texts. It turns out that during the time of Darius, when Kerman was the center of one of the satraps, the trade route from Kerman to Khorasan passed through Zarand Mei. Another reason for the antiquity of the city of Zarand is the existence of a large number of old villages in this area, whose names are derived from ancient words. Of course, this narrative becomes stronger when we come across some names whose origins go back to ancient words, for example, today there is a rural area in the west of Zarand called Badiz, and according to the belief of linguistics professors, its name can be derived from Piri Delos - from which the words Pardis, Ferdis, Parviz, Pariz are derived - and considering the meaning of the word, which refers to the pleasant climate of these areas, and Ferdos, which is a familiar word today, from This is the group. This word and some other words such as: Haiz, Esfand or Spand and Jarjafak strengthen the assumption that the history of this city reaches ancient times. Apart from this, it seems that the Sassanid kings had a lot of effort in the completion and repair of this city, and they built a fort connected to the moat in the center of the city, and the surrounding area of ??the city is also protected by towers and ramparts. As Dr. Musaheb says in the Persian encyclopedia and in the introduction of the Kerman regions:
"In the fourth century of the Hijri, Zarand was a large city with six gates and a comprehensive mosque was located in the square of the city. They also mention a castle that was mentioned by a saint in a book written in the year 375 Hijri and it is specified that Ibn Elias, the ruler of the city, built a fort next to it and made of Kariz watered, these signs can be a proof of the prosperity and prosperity and prestige of this city in the mentioned years". Customs, beliefs, celebrations, tales, songs and these kind of things from the public culture of society.