Comparative criticism of the school of romanticism in the poems of Fereydon Moshiri and Tagore Hindi

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A)

Abstract

Comparative literature is one of the most important types of literature that helps us in finding commonalities and differences in the thoughts of the great people of the world who are far from each other in terms of time and place. Since comparative criticism is a new research in Iran, this research with the title "Comparative criticism of the school of romanticism in the poems of Faridun Moshiri and Hindi Tagore" aims to propose a new issue in this field. The goal of this research is to do a comparative study in this field with the approach of the school of romanticism in the poems of two poets. At the beginning of the work, romanticism and its progress in Europe, India and Iran were examined. Then, the poems of two poets were reviewed with the approach of the school of romanticism, in the continuation of the work, the field of comparative and romantic criticism was reviewed, and at the end, the commonalities and differences of these two poets were briefly reviewed and analyzed in terms of the principles and characteristics of the school of romanticism. Although these two authors did not have a direct impact on each other, they have common features in following the principles of the school of romanticism, although the time and different social background have led to the emergence of differences in the attitudes of these two poets. Paying attention to naturalism, excitement and emotions, discovery and intuition, escape, journey and travel are common aspects of Moshiri and Tagore. And the point of difference between the two poets is in the field of empathy with women and attitude towards death.

Key words: Fereydon Moshiri, Rabindranath Tagore, romanticism, comparative literature, criticism, comparative criticism.

Introduction

The dynamics of the literature of any country depends on its growth and expansion beyond its borders. It means to reach the bodies in which all thoughts and languages ??meet and create world literature. Comparative literature is one of the researches that helps us in reaching this world goal. The condition for the permanence and globalization of any literature is to have superior creativity and ideas and align with human originality. When the image of a human being is presented by an artist in a general way and can be adapted to all humans on earth, that person is a global artist.

This branch of literary criticism examines the historical relations between national literature and the literature of other languages, how the literature of one country connects with the literature of other lands and they mutually influence each other, which is the reason for the flourishing of the literature of nations and the convergence and understanding of human societies. Comparative literature examines the intersection of literature in different languages ??and its complex relationships in the past and present, and its historical relationships in terms of influence in the field of art, literary schools, intellectual currents, subjects, people, etc.

The topic of this research is "comparative criticism of the school of romanticism in the poems of Fereydon Moshiri and Tagore Handi", which can be pondered and investigated in many ways due to the novelty of the topic.

The main issue of this research is to examine and analyze the commonalities and differences between the two artists' poems with the approach of the school of romanticism. One of the goals of this research is to get acquainted with the art of different nations and, in principle, the comparative literature that brings nations closer to each other. At the same time, such researches can contribute to world peace and expand the field of cultural exchange between nations. In addition, these researches also explain the climatic differences in the artist's different view of the world.

In this research, the researcher seeks to find the influence of the romantic school on the poems of two Iranian and Indian poets (Feridon Moshiri and Tagore). And then the comparative criticism of this school in the poems of two poets, in order to find the points of commonality and difference.

The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical, and the researcher has used internet sites in addition to using libraries to collect information.

The field of research in this treatise is the contemporary time period in Iran. And in India, it is the period of new literature (late 19th and 20th centuries). The important and reliable books that have been studied for this research are:

*About the life and poems of Fereydoun Moshiri: "Heavenly than the sun", Mohammad Ali Shakri Yekta.

*About Tagore's life and poems: "Identification of Tagore", Ali Dehbashi.

*To know about the school of romanticism and its course in Europe, Iran and India:

"The course of romanticism in Europe", Masoud Jafari Jezi.

"The course of romanticism in Iran", Masoud Jafari.

"Literary schools", Reza Seyed Hosseini.

"New literature in India", Louis Reno.

*For literature and comparative criticism:

"Literary Criticism", Abdul Hossein Zarin Koob.

"Comparative Literature", Ta Nada.

It is worth mentioning that researches have been conducted on comparative criticism and books, dissertations and articles have been written. But with this particular subject (comparative criticism of the school of romanticism in the poems of Fereydoun Moshiri and Tagore Hindi), no scientific work has been done. Under the title of the research plan, it is written in the form of the following:

Statement of the problem, objectives, questions and desired hypotheses, research method, method of data analysis, importance of the research subject, method of gathering them, background of the research and the way of organization of the research.

- Chapter Two: The topics discussed in this chapter are:

Romanticism and its definitions and principles and characteristics, stating the difference between Romanticism and Classicism, Neoclassicism and its decline, the course of Romanticism in Europe, the social political situation of Iran in the contemporary era, the course of Romanticism in Iran and India, the social political situation of India in the 19th and 20th centuries.

-Chapter 3: Biography of Faridun Moshiri and Indian Tagore, introduction and analysis of the works of both The poet, the position of both poets in the literature of their country and the world. Chapter 4: This chapter contains four speeches: The first speech: The principles and characteristics of the school of romanticism in Fereydoun Moshiri's poems. The second speech: the principles and characteristics of the school of romanticism in Tagore's poems. The third speech: Criticism and its definitions of comparative literature and comparative criticism. The fourth speech: Comparative criticism of the poems of two poets with the approach of the romantic school and finding the points of commonality and difference between the two poets. rtl;"> According to the findings in this chapter, it can be acknowledged, how closely these two artists with two different cultures and spatial and temporal dimensions have been able to approach the global man in their works. Also, both poets were influenced by the school of romanticism and have many common points in this approach. And the difference between the two poets is to reach the same research goal; That is, the climatic difference, or the element of ecology is the reason for this difference. rtl;"> 

1-1. Statement of the problem:

Romanticism is a school that has been more popular among contemporary poets of Iran and the Middle East than other schools. Because realism was noticed by poets very late. The main issue in this research is that the way romanticism works in the poetry of Fereydon Moshiri and Rabindranath Tagore has similarities and differences, and in the meantime, how the element of localism with its own issues crystallized.