Structural analysis and measurement of Saadi's and Anuri's sonnets

Dissertation for obtaining the master's degree "M. A»

Field: Persian language and literature

Abstract

Ghazal is one of the most important and widely used forms of Persian poetry. Saadi and Anuri are two prominent Iranian poets in this field. Structural analysis and research is a new scientific method that can help to know the quality of literary works. Ghazals of Saadi and Anuri are comparable in terms of benefiting from language, music and similar themes and many other commonalities. These works are a treasure of rhetorical arts and literary tricks, and in this research, an attempt has been made to compare the poetry of these two great poets in terms of structure, quality of poems and poets' art. The result shows that unlike Anuri, Saadi's sonnets are not characterized by the initiative of the theme, and they do not find novelty by resorting to metaphors, irony, and specific similes. Saadi's words are on the same level and its ups and downs are not noticeable like Anuri's. And the secret of the beauty of Saadi's speech is the imperceptible details. This research showed that Saadi's creativity is in simplicity and sentence structure, and Anuri, despite benefiting from the delicacy of the tone, has not deviated from his habit of writing odes and pieces, so that some elements of shape in his ghazal are influenced by the content of the odes and pieces. The way of interpreting and combining the sentences and the games that these two poets play with words shows the similarity of the two poems, the degree of Saadi's influence on Anuri, and the evolution of the language. rtl;">general research

1-1. Research introduction

Ghazal is one of the most used and sweet forms of Persian poetry, which is considered one of the main pillars of Persian poetry and literature. This format is used in Iranian literature by famous poets such as Saadi, Hafez, Anuri, and Maulana. . It reached its peak and Anuri and Saadi, two prominent Iranian poets, have played a significant role in the development of Persian ghazal, and especially in the romantic ghazal, they are considered to be among Iran's best and unmatched poets.

Since it is better to analyze and analyze literary works with scientific and modern methods, it is better to analyze literary works with new approaches such as the structural approach, and in fact it can be said that the school of structuralism continues to strive Formalists emerged and became very important at the beginning of the 20th century. The aim of this approach is to put aside the biography of the author or poet and pay attention to the structure of the literary work. Therefore, the structural analysis of Saadi and Anuri's sonnets is a better and more useful way to understand the quality of these two valuable works.

The main reason for choosing this topic by the author is excessive interest in Persian poetry and especially romantic sonnets. However, the choice of structural analysis of the works of Iran's Ghazal Sarai poets, which is a new method in literary criticism, was brought to the attention of the author at the suggestion of the esteemed consultant professor, and since there were enough sources on Persian romantic lyric poetry, literary criticism, structuralism, poetic music, and to some extent an analytical review of Anuri and Saadi's poems, I considered this topic as a useful and valuable research, and in the meantime, the compassionate and valuable guidance of the supervisors and advisors made the path of this research smooth to a large extent.

This thesis is compiled in five chapters. After the first chapter, which is dedicated to the generalities, the second chapter contains the theoretical foundations of the research, which includes proven definitions of sonnet and structure, poetry, historical knowledge of structuralism and the principles of structuralism, and includes the author's general conclusions from each topic. In this chapter, I have discussed the biography, opinions of experts about Saadi and Anuri, the works of these two poets, the style of the two poets, and the characteristics of these two poets' poetry. In this section, the themes of the sonnets have been analyzed first, and then, according to the principles of structural analysis, language, verbal and spiritual crafts, music and weight, rhyme and line, and even the meaning of the sonnets' content have been analyzed.. In this section, the themes of the sonnets have been analyzed first, and then according to the principles of structural analysis, language, verbal and spiritual crafts, music and weight, rhyme and row, and even the meaning of the sonnets have been analyzed.

In the fifth chapter, the most important results from the structural analysis of the sonnets of Saadi and Anuri have been mentioned and the works of these two poets have been compared in this respect. There are also graphs comparing the quality of these two poets' poems in this chapter.

1-2. Statement of the problem

The ghazal is one of the most influential and widely used formats in Iranian literature. One of the reasons for its popularity may be that Ghazal is the narrator of Iranian lyrical literature. Among them, there have been prominent poets who have played a role in the development of Persian poetry. Saadi and Anuri are two prominent Iranian poets whose language in Ghazal is very similar. They are among the poets who have left lasting love poems. But today, the ways of qualitative recognition of literary works are better possible by using new scientific methods and contemporary literary theories. One of these theories is the theory of structuralism. "Structure in the word means skeleton and ossification, and in the term of literary criticism, it generally refers to the way of connecting the constituent parts of a literary work (Dadd, 2010: 274). The school of structuralism emerged as a continuation of the efforts of the formalists and became important at the beginning of the 20th century. For this purpose, with the approach of structuralism and basing the themes of the sonnets and other elements that make up the body of the sonnet, such as creative and verbal industries, language and music, weight, style, etc. The lyrics of Saadi and Anuri have been analyzed in order to discover the effective factors in the hidden structural coherence of the work.

1-3. Research questions

The three main questions in this research are:

1 What is the structure of Saadi and Anuri's sonnets?

2 What structural features distinguish Saadi and Anuri's sonnets from the works of other sonnet writers?

3 What structural differences and similarities Is it seen in the sonnets of Saadi and Anuri?

Abstract

Sonnet is one of the most important and the most common style of Persian poetry. Saadi and Anvari are two prominent Iranian poets in this field. Structural analysis and research is a modern scientific technique which can help identify the quality of literary works. The Sonnets of Saadi and Anvari are comparable in terms of using language, music, themes which are close to each other and many other commonalities. These works are a rich collection of rhetorical art and literary techniques; and this research has tried to analyze the sonnets of these two great poets, exactly, in terms of structure and quality of poems, and totally compare their art to each other. Obtained results show that Saadi sonnets, unlike Anvari, do not specify based on content, and their novelty is not as a result of metaphor, metonymy, and particular simile. Saadi's words are in balance and at the same level, as well as its ups and downs are not sensible and tangible, as Anvari's. And the mystery of beauty in Saadi's words is these subtle intricacies. Present study showed that Saadi innovation is in simplicity and wording, and Anvari, despite taking advantages of tune gentleness has not exceeded from his style of writing ode and strophe, so that some elements of forms in his sonnets are affected by the content of his ode and strophe. The method of interpretation and composition, and what these two poets do with words, indicate both the similarity of two talents and the degree that Saadi is affected by Anvari, as well as representing the evolution of language.