Investigating the effects of moderation and moderateness in Golestan Saadi and Khould Majd Khafi

Dissertation for receiving a Master's degree (A.M)

Persian Language and Literature

Abstract

Moderation and moderation are one of the fundamental principles in Islamic thought and culture. In the Quranic teachings, it is considered a desirable thing; And it has been reflected in the works of poets and writers. Saadi and Majd Khafi are among those who have paid special attention to moderation. The concept of moderation is evident in the works of Saadi and Majd Khafi in the writing style in terms of the moderate use of arrays and in the content it is considered as one of the moral, religious and social virtues. Paying attention to moderation and having moderate thoughts and ideas is evident and palpable in both books. Golestan Saadi has a unique literary value that conveys desirable behavior patterns and expresses social realities. As one of the valuable literary works, Rozeh Khald contains many stories and wise sayings, the source of which are verses, hadiths and the Holy Quran. In this book, Majd Khafi deals with concepts such as moderation, equality, justice, etc.

11 Introduction

Economy, from the root of justice, means mediating between two states of the same thing in terms of quantity and quality and establishing a balance between them.

Economy is a universal principle that governs the entire system of existence, there is a very sensitive balance in the rotation of the planets around the sun, so that if the distance When they come close to the sun, they are attracted to the sun and are destroyed by the heat, and if they run away from the area of ??its attraction and do not benefit from its energy, this balance and moderation in our human body system is also strange and surprising. The theme of moderation has been reflected in Persian classical literature in different ways. Saadi has repeatedly recommended moderation and avoiding extremes as a standard and model of individual and social behavior.

Golestan is always a shining gem in Iranian literature; Because the soundness of the composition and the beauty of the prose have made it the standard of eloquence, and its scattered content is a diagram of the social situation and the representative of the way of thinking and reasoning of the Iranian race (Dashti, 2008: 302).

Sadi's influence from the Quran in the first lines of Golestan is obvious in terms of the form and form of the literary work, content and meaning, and the Quranic perspective is influential in his works.

The theme of moderation is a common trait that both Saadi and Khafai emphasize, because leaving moderation leads to neglecting the remembrance of God and leads a person to the abyss of destruction, and moderation is the guarantee of human happiness in this world and the hereafter. It has been used in life.

Several writers and poets imitated Golestan in their works, one of which is Majd Khafi, who in 733 Hijri wrote Rozeh Khald, which contains important moral and educational issues throughout the book. . . And it has been manifested in the content as one of the moral, religious and social virtues. In this research, an attempt has been made to explain the importance and place of moderation in the works and ideas of two great poets and writers of Iran, Saadi and Majd Khafi. It is two.

The Persian translation of moderation is "moderation" which refers to avoiding extremes in anything. The principle of moderation is an all-encompassing principle that governs the entire system of existence, and it has been given a lot of care in the Holy Quran. It can be clearly seen in the blessed life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and in all his actions and behavior..

The Holy Qur'an calls the Islamic Ummah a middle and moderate Ummah and says: "And so we made you a moderate and moderate Ummah to be a witness to the people.

"Learning the method of moderation and moderation in all aspects of life is one of the greatest recommendations and orders of the religion of Islam. This value is to the extent that observing it guarantees the success of humans in this worldly and hereafter life. God, the Wise, has placed the right way of understanding in moderation and moderation, and just as the religion of Islam is the middle path, its territory, the Kaaba, has been placed in the middle of the earth" (Farji, 1380: 17).

"Turn to the door of the Qiblah in everything you do, if you want to start your jurisprudence, start from the right in everything you do, don't see people making excuses

If you seek the pleasure of God, this is Shafi'i's politeness. It was"

(Khafi, 1345: 149).

The theme of moderation in classical literature, especially in educational and moral literature, has been reflected in different ways, the emphasis of Muslim poets and thinkers such as Saadi and Majd Khafi on adopting this method in life. Thought, moderation and moderation in Saadi's Golestan and Khaled Majd Khafi's Rozeh.

Saadi and Majd Khafi are among those who have paid special attention to the approach of moderation and have used this way of thinking both in the writing style and in the content.

"The literary style of Golestan is a masterpiece in Persian prose and A verse in eloquence and eloquence in a technical way without exaggeration and making difficult words far from the mind, which have been called easy and restrained because it is easy to understand and difficult to imitate" (Atabaki, 1374: 7).

13 basic research questions

1 Where does the thought, moderation and moderation in Golestan Saadi and Khaled Majd Khafi's shrine come from?

2 Are the effects of moderation and moderation in Saadi Golestan and Khald Majd Khafi's shrine crystallized in addition to their content?

3 What are the main and general indicators of moderation in Golestan Saadi and Khaled Majd Khafi's Roza?

14 Importance and necessity of research

Research and research on moderation and moderation in Golestan Saadi and Roza Khald Majd Khafi is important because it is considered as one of the fundamental principles of Islamic thought and can be a model of life for future generations.

It is considered one of the moral virtues that guarantees the happiness of people in this world and the hereafter, moderation is a legitimate and desirable thing and an urgent need of our age and generation, and it is a manifestation of fairness and justice, and justice itself is the product of the three virtues of wisdom, courage and It is chastity.

What strengthens unity in society and among people and the secret of stability and facing problems is moderation. Justice, which is the root of moderation, is mentioned 27 times in the Qur'an, for example, Allah is the Lord of justice and mercy (Nahl, 90) and other verses about it.

Moderation is a way of moving in the right direction and is more comprehensive than justice and includes and organizes all the affairs of human life.

15 research background

The effects of moderation and moderation in Golestan Saadi and Rozeh Khaled Majid Khafi have been less researched in comparison with the works of famous writers and poets of Persian classical literature.

The correctors and commentators of books Saadi and Majd Khafi have sometimes made brief references to the idea of ??moderation in their works, but so far no comprehensive research has been done in this regard.