Imagination images in Shah Nematullah Vali's poetry

Dissertation for the degree of master of Persian language and literature "M.A."

Abstract

Shah Nematullah Wali, who is known as Shah Wali among poets and people of letters, is one of the great mystics and poets of the 8th and early 9th centuries of Hijri. He is the pole of Nematullahi dynasty and is known for many works, especially prose works. His poems are mostly written in the form of sonnets, and in using mystical terms and combinations, especially all kinds of imaginary forms of simile, metaphor, and irony, he has shown his strength of character, taste, and beauty.

         In using all kinds of imaginary images, especially the types of tangible and sensible similes, singular and compound similes, and all kinds of metaphors, especially explicit metaphors and its types, especially abstract metaphors, as well as mechanical metaphors and the art of discernment, which is the crystallization of mechanical metaphors, it is beneficial to create and pay for the aforementioned imaginary images. He has used mystical verses and hadiths as well as some allegories, which are more like allegorical similes, and he has expressed mystical topics for his disciples with his own taste. and sometimes it shows the color and flavor of Shah Wali's special mentality and thinking, he has given freshness and freshness to his words.

The author has tried to show all kinds of imaginary images in this poet's sonnets, which is the subject of this dissertation, by citing the poems of this mystic, to show his power in presenting all kinds of imaginary images well.

Key words: Shah Wali, images of fantasy, simile, metaphor, permission, irony, expression.          

Chapter 1

Overview of the research

Introduction

The subject of the thesis is "Images of Imagination in Shah Nematullah Vali's Ghazals". Before dealing with the introduction of images of imagination and rhetoric in this poet's lyrical poetry, it is necessary to briefly describe the life and works of this great poet and mystic, so let's discuss his art in creating images of imagination and rhetoric in his poetry.

Among the famous Sufi poets in the 8th and 9th centuries of Hijri, Seyyed Nuruddin Shah Nematullah Vali Mahani Kermani, who died in Rajab 730 in the mountains of Kerman He was born.

He was originally from Aleppo and his ancestors lived in that city. His father Mir Abdullah was one of the great Arabs and mentors of his time, then he migrated to Makran and after some time he became famous due to his kinship with the king of Fars Shabankare and settled in the mountains of Kerman. Shah Wali later said the following about his stay in Iran:

I have been living in Ajam for a while, although my origin is from the Arab kingdom

(Shah Wali, 1389: 162)

Shah Wali's lineage goes back to the Holy Prophet (PBUH), as he himself said:

My nineteenth ancestor is the Messenger of God.

It is obvious. It is not a secret.

(Ibid.: 596)

He lived in Iraq early in his life and learned elementary sciences from Sheikh Ruknuddin Shirazi, learned rhetoric from Sheikh Shamsuddin Makki, learned wisdom from Seyyed Jalaluddin Khwarazmi, and the principles of jurisprudence from Kafi Azdaldin Eji, and at the same time, he learned "Mursad al-Abad" from Najmuddin Razi and "Asharat" by Bu Ali. He studied Sinai and devoted himself to learning Fusus al-Hakm: Muhyiddin Arabic. So, in order to refine his soul, he engaged in austerity, purification, and inner cultivation for many years, and traveled and traveled in pursuit of Murad, until at the age of 24, he gave his hand of devotion to Sheikh Abdullah Yafee in Mecca. Muharram, the pole of time and the only one in the universe.

And he has been in his service for seven years, as he has repeatedly mentioned him in his poems:

Our sheikh was in the Muharram shrine. Maryam, the blessing of God, is a disciple of His Holiness Sheikh Abdullah, he is Fafahm (Shah Wali, 1389: 404) The dynasty to which Sheikh Abdullah Yafei was affiliated and associated, after the death of the Sufi from Baghdad, was known as the Karkhi dynasty, and most of the Sufi dynasties are attributed to it. In such a way that in order to focus and pay attention to it, it was called "Umm al-Salsal". After His Excellency Shah Wali, this dynasty became known as "Nemat Allahi" and it is still known by the same name.

Shah Wali is known for his many travels among the Sufi elites, and he himself has mentioned his successive travels in his Diwan and says:

Every city is my domain. Wherever I want to go to Cho Sultan

(King Wali, 2010: 532)

his trips were initially to Egypt, and after Egypt, he came to Transnistria and stayed near Samarkand in "The Green City" and was here to meet with Amir Timur. He did not like this habit of meeting with Timur and went to Herat. Incidentally, in Herat with the granddaughter of Amir Hosseini Heravi, who made Sheikh Mahmoud Shabastri compose "Golshan Raz" with his questions. He met and married her, and the fruit of this marriage was Burhanuddin Khalilullah (born in 755 AH), who after Shah Wali assumed the senior position of Nematullahi dynasty.

Shah Wali lived for a while in Mashhad, Yazd, Kohbanan and Kerman, and finally settled in the town of Mahan Kerman, and spent the last 25 years of his life there, under the guidance and arrest of He paid for the poor of God's grace, as he himself says: Although we are ashamed of the generous people in the world with this water and carpet, there is no place on earth that is generous, and we are the people of the heart. He became the beloved of the hearts of the people, who was special, noble, knowledgeable, mystic, and commoner, and people from all over the world came to his service and gave him their hands of devotion, and the elders sent him gifts and asked him for courage. It is for this reason that Reza Qoli Khan Hedayat said in Riaz Al-Arifin's Tazkira about this mystic's good conduct with people and acceptance of all kinds of disciples with all temperaments and he spared no light in their inner training and refinement of their morals and showed tolerance and tolerance to the shortcomings and lack of talent of the disciples' conduct:

Any disciple who rejected the words of the mentors on the way to the goal

I will accept poverty and drunkenness

(Hidait, 1351: 296)

The most important difference between his way and behavior with other differences is that it makes his lineage strong and acceptable to both the particular and the general. He is a follower of the Sharia to the extent that he personally attends mosques and becomes the imam of the congregation and strictly adheres to the orders of the holy Sharia: Knowing the knowledge of the religion of the Sharia is essential in the implementation of your religion. : 742)

Shah Wali, in addition to composing poems in the form of odes, masnavis, fragments, and other poetic forms, has written numerous articles on wisdom and mysticism with his talented pen, and his knowledge in wisdom, philosophy, and mysticism needs to be described, and he is often compared to Noor al-Din Abdul Rahman Jami, his contemporary poet and mystic, as well as to other contemporary sages of his having benefited from various sciences of wisdom, philosophy, and interpretation, as well as mastering foreign sciences such as Jafar and The science of numbers and chemistry and. They knew him to be superior and superior, and the power of his pen and writing in explaining and developing religious and mystical issues and matters by studying and observing his position, does not need to be described and defined.

Shah Wali has used the surname "Syed" in his poems and sometimes "Nematullah".