Persian language and literature
Dissertation for the master's degree "M.A"
Abstract:
Shahnameh is a global collection of wisdom, knowledge, morals, epistemological teachings and how with greatness and honor to live The epics of the Shahnameh contain great, noble, anti-tyrannical and magnanimous ideas. The Shahnameh is not the book of kings. The life of elders, princes and ancestors is educated, powerful, God-seeking and life-learning. There, where the story of Aniran, Ahrimanan and Petyargan is, it is full of lessons and advice. The good always win over the bad and the evil in the end. Kaveh and Fereydon get hold of Dahhak and destroy him from the world.
The Shahnameh is full of moral teachings. Is it not because they call Ferdowsi a sage? Yes, he teaches moral and life lessons in all the ups and downs, in all stages of the stories, at the beginning and end of the stories. The author of this dissertation has chosen the evidence of moral teachings from the Shahnameh and has described and defined them with the most prominent moral teachings contained in the Shahnameh with the eloquent, pleasant and beautiful verses of the sage and epic writer. Hakim Tous invites both the individual and the society to the challenge and cultivation of truth, righteousness, cultural orientation, knowledge, friendship and God-seeking.
We hear the process of this invitation and challenging the rebellious ego and taming the human nature in this thesis, from the words of the greatest epic poet of Iran.
Key words: moral teachings, Shahnameh, Ferdowsi, epic, wisdom, advice.
Introduction:
Shahnameh is the history of an ancient nation. A nation that has depicted itself and the world in the Shahnameh. Life and death, failure and victory, happiness and suffering, seeking aspiration and seeking dignity, trying to overcome demonic powers, fighting against oppressors and evildoers, seeking help from Yazdan and being helped and winning over all evil powers, spreading justice, seeking honor and glory, following the truth and righteousness and dozens of other teachings, in the breadth and scope of ancient scriptures, to We see clearly. Before Ferdowsi, the sages, poets and writers had drawn the greatness, history, myth, epic, morals and ways of the Aryans, and the ancient Iranians into the line of poetry, or written prose stories about the history of their ancestors, along with the way of life, morals and behavior of the ancient Persians and Iranians, and engraved them on paper pages.
Shahnameh Abu Mansouri And Garshasb-nameh of Esdi Tusi and Ghastasb-nameh are precise letters of this type. Ferdowsi himself has mentioned some precise poems in the beginning of Shahnameh:
His youth was a bad mood
Each one of him had a bad luck
Thousands of Gestasb and Orjasb verses
Every year he fought evil
He was killed by one of his servants
He said, "May he be blessed by the age" (Shahnameh, 1968: 1/14)
Ghstasb Nameh (and Arjasb Nameh) is not more than a thousand verses, and not with the grandeur, majesty, beauty and eloquence of the words of Master Tos. Ferdowsi himself has given a thousand precise verses at the beginning of the Shahnameh. Detailed poems are also not devoid of wisdom and advice. It is as if in the ancient letters, the talk of advice and the presentation of moral teachings was the foundation and principle. If only a part of his advice and wisdom was left from this wise man, he would have guided us to the fact that the Shahnameh is full of human and Islamic ethics, let alone not.If only a part of his advice and wisdom was left from this sage, he would have guided us to the fact that the Shahnameh is full of human and Islamic ethics, not to mention that all the verses of Ferdowsi Aziz's poems are loaded and decorated with moral points and the strategy and efficiency of human speech and behavior, worthy and based on wise principles.
A person is a seeker of wisdom and ethics. He is thirsty for virtues and perfections, and he likes to be guided from the very beginning of his life, in his youth, and to recognize the evils, crookedness, and inaccuracies, so that he can lead the way in the right way in the light of the light of wisdom and morality. Be strong and away from weakness. And like an arrow, go straight to the target.
It was due to the strength of the man
The man is strong and curled and sharp
Because of weakness, crookedness and deficiency
Thus, the farmer mentioned him
(Ibid: 200/3)
Throughout the Shahnameh, the story Heroes and truths. Heroes who support the oppressed and the enemy of the oppressor. If you open the Shahnameh ten times with the intention of contemplation, you will definitely find ten sources of advice and morals in every ten openings. Ferdowsi is a Muslim of true belief and right belief, and he also teaches religion and guardianship of the Ahl al-Bayt and orders us to follow the Prophet (PBUH) and Ali (PBUH) - the successor of the Prophet (PBUH), and he says, "I myself sail with the same ideal:
Khordmand Gitti Cho Darya Nihad
Cho built seventy ships for him
The middle of one is good to ship the bride
Prophet go inside with Ali
He said to his heart, "If you are with Nabi and Wasi
If you want to go to another house
Gret Zain is bad, it is my fault
I was born and passed on this.
The same family of the Prophet and his guardian
I am drowning in evil, two faithful friends
Take a place with the Prophet and the guardian
It is so and this is my religion and my way
Know that I am on the ground
(Shahnameh: 1968: 14/1)
The master of epic speech, everywhere, guides the reader to the home of happiness and prosperity by presenting the best epistemological and moral teachings. The grace of his epic and lyrical speech penetrates and influences the heart and mind of every reader and the depth of existence of every epic lover. Now we are going to irrigate our existence from the clear speech and fountain of ethics and his teachings.
For this purpose, in the upcoming research based on library research, while dealing with the first five chapters which include the introduction and statement of the problem, the second chapter is the background of the research and the explanation and explanation of the research method, as well as the fourth chapter is the findings of the research, which includes the titles: ethics and moral virtues, the battle of good and evil in epics and myths. The admonition of Bozormehr is the diagram and crystallization of moral teachings, the teaching of submission to God and his pleasure, the ritual of dating and socializing in the prescriptive teachings of the Shahnameh and the fifth chapter of the conclusion. Statement of the problem: In this thesis, comprehensive and documented information about the moral teachings in the Shahnameh has been tried, relying on the epic and wise poems and the whole of the advice. And the instructions of the Shahnameh should be presented and discussed in separate chapters
Contents & References of Moral teachings in Shahnameh
List:
Chapter One: General Research
1-1 Statement of the Problem 5
1-2 The Importance and Necessity of Research 5
1-3 Research Objectives 6
1-4 Hypotheses Research 7 Chapter Two: Research Background Research Background 9 Chapter Three: Research Method 3-1- Research Method 11 3-2- Analytical Descriptive Research 11 3-3- Type of study, methods and tools of information gathering 12 3-4 Main documents used in this research 12 3-5 Limitations and obstacles 12 Chapter 4: Research findings and data
4-1-Ethics and morals 14
4-1-1-The relationship between ethics and art 15
4-2-Epic literature 16
4-2-1- Two types of epic systems can be found in the literature of nations. 16
4-2-2 - The battle between good and evil in epics and myths 18
4-2-3- Individual and collective morality from the perspective of Iranian epic writers 24
4-2-4- Advising Bozer Jamhar or Bozorgmehr, diagram and crystallization of moral teachings 25
4-2-5- Speech is the best of goodness 31
4-3-Epic and moral teachings 34
4-3-1- Creator God, Creator of the heavenly spheres 35
4-3-2- God who calms the earth 36
4-3-3- The one who ignites fire from the soil 36
4-3-4-The painter and writer 37
4-3-5-God created the world from nothing 37
4-3-6-The God of the world, the one who has the world and 38
4-3-7-God of life and sustenance and giver of life 39
4-3-8-God under whose command 39
4-3-9-Eternal and eternal God 39
4-3-10- The god of the judiciary 40
4-3-11- The God of helper and shouting 40
Not 42
4-4-The doctrine of submission to God and His pleasure 42
4-4-1-Delegating work to others 42
4-4-2-His high and lowly refuge 44
4-4-3- The only way Salvation is turning and trusting in Yazdan 44 4-4-4- Alone, supplication and prayer to him 44 4-4-5- Prayer is the secret of servitude and victory 45 4-4-6- In the Quran, supplication and lamentation. It has been praised 46 4-4-7-God guides those who seek refuge in his door to the right path 47 4-4-8-Prophecy and Wilayat in the Shahnameh 48 4-4-9-The history of moral teachers in the teachings of conduct and moral behavior. 49
4-4-10-Delegating work to God 50
4-4-11-Requesting only from Him 51
4-4-12-Returning to God and asking for forgiveness 52
4-4-13- Salvation and a good end 53
4-4-14- Worthy actions are the best companions and helpers 54
4-4-15-Refuge to Yazdan in times of famine 54
4-4-16-Justice Judiciary 55 4-4-17-Worship, especially prayer and fasting, bring health, blessings and kindness 59 4-4-18-Hamase Sarai Melli elsewhere says this about prayer and prayer 61 4-4-19- Creatures are the manifestation of the Creator's creation. And 67 4-4-20-Without his name and memory, everything is incomplete and perfect 68 4-5 Ferdowsi's views on merits 69 4-5-1- The place of wisdom 69
4-5-2-Wisdom is the makeup and beauty of life 72
4-5-3-Thought, result and result of wisdom and wise life 73
4-5-4-The wise are closer to God 73
4-5-5-The wise are humble 74
4-5-6- Life is better without wisdom 74
4-5-7- Teaching of knowledge and wisdom 76
4-5-8- Philosophical stories and their educational teachings 83
4-6- Manifestation of wise and moral teachings in the speech of heroes 84
4-6-1-Speaking and listening to heroes 86
4-6-2-Speaking with God 86
4-7-Wise speech as an objective tool of mentalities