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Elements of popular culture in Marzban Nameh

Number of pages: 305 File Format: word File Code: 31556
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Literature - Persian Language
Tags/Keywords: customs - Elements of popular culture - Folk literature - folklore - Marzban Namah - Persian literature - Public culture
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    Dissertation for receiving the degree of master of Persian language and literature "M.A."

    Abstract

    The present study examines the elements of popular culture in Marzban Nameh. Public culture is a collection of human experiences and thoughts over the centuries. It is the common experiences and traditions of a society that give it character and identity. The French "Van Genieb" (died 1975), one of the popular culture researchers, believes that everything that is a human habit can be considered part of the people's culture.

    The field of popular culture is wide. Knowledge, techniques, arts, literature, rituals, customs, celebrations, entertainment and games form the elements of public culture. These elements are seen in different forms in Marzban Nameh. In this thesis, we will first introduce popular culture, then some elements of popular culture obtained from Marzban Nameh will be classified and analyzed. Familiarity with these elements leads to a better understanding of the beliefs and folk culture of that time.

    Chapter One:

    Introduction

    1-1-Description of the problem

    Studying about culture is not as old as it is, but more than What is thought is rooted. Society is regulated by culture, and man becomes a social being through culture. Culture is a means of communication. If we assume society as a system of relationships, the nature of these relationships is determined by culture. (Author: Dr. Mohammad Zaza Khoshfar) This dissertation is an exploration in the direction of defining the concept of popular culture and expressing its characteristics and examples. Popular culture is considered equivalent to the word folklore. A person throughout history in various fields of medicine, astrology, interpretation, beliefs, dream interpretation, etc. He had ideas whose collection constitutes popular culture. "People's culture or the collection of customs and traditions common in a society, which tells the actions and behaviors of the ancestors of that society, is rooted in history." (Khirandish, 1384, 57) A nation that wants to progress must try to improve its culture and expand it. In order to elevate the culture, one should first pay attention to the cultural remains or in other words to the cultural heritage. In the meantime, poets and writers have been influenced by the popular culture of their time more than others in their works and have made a great contribution to the culture of anthropology.

    Popular culture is made up of many elements. Proverbs and rulings, ironies, folk medicine, astronomy, celebrations, punishments, social customs, mythological and historical phenomena, legends, clothing, herbal medicines, foods, instruments, games, etc. Public culture forms a nation. By classifying these materials, the opportunity to revise and revise society's culture is provided. In this way, taking into account the characteristics that are hidden in the definitions of the concept of folklore, if we want to provide a definition of it, we can generally say folklore or popular culture: "It is a collection of knowledge, actions and behavior that has been inherited among the common people without considering (and even without) its scientific and logical benefits, breast to breast and generation to generation and in the form of experience".

    In Marzban Nameh, which is a prose work from the 7th century. The elements of popular culture are reflected on a wide level and the popular beliefs of that time have been superimposed on the culture of the friends.

    1-2- Importance of the topic

    The importance of the topic is because by examining the folklore materials in Marzban Namah Saad al-Din Varavini, one can understand to a great extent the world view and thoughts and opinions of the people of that time. Also, familiarity with these elements helps us to better understand their effects. With what thoughts did people live in the 7th century and how did their beliefs affect various things? In some beliefs, people are still subordinate to their predecessors and their worldview is based on the thoughts and beliefs of those times. By examining the folklore materials in Marzban Nameh, some of the forgotten thoughts and ideas of that time are revived. The importance of the topic is that by examining the folklore materials in the works, one can understand the worldview and thoughts and opinions of the people of that time to a great extent, and it shows that many of these beliefs are in the life of today's people.The importance of the topic is that by examining the folklore materials in the works, one can understand to a large extent the worldview and thoughts and opinions of the people of that time, and it shows that many of these beliefs have been manifested in human life today. . They have expressed different characteristics as the characteristics of popular culture, which can be summarized from their compliments to the following as the characteristics of folklore:

    1 Popular culture is based on the heritage and ancient principles of civilization. 2 Popular culture is not associated with any scientific method and logical reasoning. 3 In the process of spreading the principles of new civilization, popular culture is placed beside them without being combined with them and as a result preserves very old elements almost intact. 4 Popular culture is collective and group actions and behaviors that are common among the common people. 5 The actions and behaviors of culture are repeated on occasion and according to requirements. 6 Popular culture plays a role not specifically, but in the set of life activities. 7 Popular culture practices are gradually created by the popular people and the originator and originator and the time of the beginning of the popular culture behaviors is not clear.

    Popular culture as a social reality since the study and research about popular culture (folklore) became scientific, (from the beginning of the 19th century onwards) research and research about the beliefs and oral literature and the knowledge, actions and behavior of the masses of other people simply for the purpose of ordering it to be done or It was not banned, but popular culture was viewed as a social reality.

    From the Second World War onwards, when anthropology extended its scope of studies to cities and civilized societies, its scope included a large amount of popular culture studies. Popular culture studies and researches are more methodologically distinguished from anthropological studies, and the general lines of this distinction can be found in the following three axes:

    a) In the study of popular culture, the researcher pays more attention to the collection of information and the division and comparative study of cultural phenomena, while in anthropological studies, the researcher analyzes the phenomena. b) Popular culture researcher studies the ancient life of traditions and customs in the past, while anthropologist studies the customs and traditions of current societies. c) The source of study and research in popular culture is usually museum and library documents, while a major part of research sources in anthropology is field research. The field of study and examples of popular culture was initially limited to oral literature and usually did not exceed stories, legends, local songs, proverbs and chistans.

    Popular culture studies gradually developed and included folk customs and beliefs. Little by little, techniques and folk arts were included in the realm and study of popular culture. In this way, with the scope of the topic and scope of popular culture, different and diverse areas of daily life can be listed as examples of popular culture, including: buildings (houses, warehouses, places of worship). Production expression and technique and folk art (fabric weaving, pottery, carpentry, etc.).

    Food, how to eat, how to cook. Celebrations, games. Rights and regulations. Beliefs and folk medicine, medicinal plants and healing properties of natural phenomena. Folk literature (poetry, proverbs, stories, music, dance, contractual and trade dialects, and names, etc.) celebrations related to different seasons of the year and cultivation, such as the harvest festival. Clothing, the way of sewing clothes, the way of dressing and. Burial customs. An example of popular culture studies in Iran is the first Persian book that has a scientific method and discipline in the field of popular culture studies, the book "Nirangistan" by Sadegh Hedayat. In this book, inspired by Frazer's (ethnographer) research on legends and oral literature of nations, he tried to collect a set of folk beliefs, games and entertainment with a point of view that has more of a national moral aspect. Popular culture is a new equivalent for popular culture. Social changes and cultural developments of the last two decades in Iran have caused changes in the form and content of cultural activities and phenomena.

  • Contents & References of Elements of popular culture in Marzban Nameh

    List:

    Summary.. 1

    The first chapter: Introduction

    1-1-Description of the problem.. 3

    1-2-Importance of the issue.. 3

    1-3-Research background.. 4

    1-4-Main research questions. 6

    1-5-Research hypotheses.. 6

    1-6-Research method.. 7

    1-7-Research objectives.. 7

    1-8- The necessity of research.. 8

    Chapter two: Definitions and generalities

    2-1- Marzban letter.. 10

    2-2- Marzban style Letter.. 10

    2-3-Biography.. 11

    2-4- Definitions of public culture. 12

    2-5- Folklore in Iran.. 13

    2-6- Characteristics of folklore. 13

    2-7- Public culture, intangible heritage of nations. 14

    2-8- Functions of public culture in society. 15

    2-8-1- Creating ethnic and racial solidarity and bringing ethnicities and nationalities closer to each other. 15

    2-8-2- Public culture, memory of political and social history of nations. 16

    2-8-3-public culture, the cultural interface of different generations. 17

    2-9- The position of public culture in Persian literature. 17

    2-10- Last words.. 19

    Chapter 3: Popular culture elements in Marzban Nameh

    Three important elements in life.. 23

    3-1 Birth. 22

    3-1-1- Getting a nanny.. 23

    3-1-2- Cutting the navel.. 23

    3-2 Marriage. 24

    3-2-1- Courtship.. 25

    3-2-2- Cabin (dowry).. 25

    3-2-3- Price of milk.. 25

    3-2-4- Getting married.. 26

    3-2-5- Sending gifts.. 26

    3-2-6- alimony.. 26

    3-3 death. 27

    Chapter Four: Other elements in life

    4-1 Kingdom customs. 30

    Income.. 31

    4-1-1- The customs of the property and the conditions and customs of the kingdom. 32

    4-1-2- Manners of service in the court of kings. 32

    4-1-3- Knocking on the door of the court and the palace of the kings. 32

    4-1-4- The presence of associates, advisors and scholars in the court. 33

    4-1-5-Consulting.. 33

    4-1-6-Regarding subjects. 33

    4-1-7- transfer of power in the court of kings. 34

    4-1-8- Taking the kingdom.. 34

    4-1-9- The turn of the kingdom. 34

    4-1-10- Minting coins in the name of kings. 35

    4-2-Etiquette of war and tactics. 36

    4-2-1- Manners of war and gathering the army. 37

    4-2-2-Kos.. 37

    4-2-3- Nai Ruyin.. 37

    4-2-4- Welding.. 38

    4-3-Makeups and ornaments. 39

    Income.. 40

    4-3-1-Amber.. 42

    4-3-2- Oud.. 42

    4-3-3-Musk.. 43

    4-4-Music terms. 44

    Income.. 45

    4-4-1-Organ.. 47

    4-4-1-1-Aganidavudi.. 47

    4-4-2- Harp.. 47

    4-4-3-Hadi.. 47

    4-4-4- Musician.. 48

    4-4-5- Oud.. 48

    4-4-6- Rabab.. 48

    4-4-7- Sama.. 49

    4-5-Cooking terms. 50

    Income.. 51

    4-5-1- Cooking tools and equipment. 52 4-5-1-1 spices.

    4-5-2-4- Sekba.. 53

    4-5-2-5- Luzineh.. 53

    4-5-2-6- Harise.. 53

    4-6- Numbers and figures. 54

    Income.. 55

    4-6-1- twelve.. 57

    4-6-2- three.. 57

    4-6-3- seven.. 57

    4-6-4-thousand.. 58

    4-7- Declaration of mythological forces. 60

    Income.. 61

    4-7-1- Water.. 63

    4-7-2- Living water.. 63

    4-7-3- Az.. 64

    4-7-4- Fire.. 64

    4-7-5- Fire.. 65

    4-7-6- Tubi.. 66

    4-7-7- Zahhak.. 66

    4-7-8- Qiqbad.. 67

    4-8- Announcement of persons. 68

    4-8-1- Historical announcement.. 69

    4-8-1-1- Alexander.. 69

    4-8-1-2- Bahram Gore.. 69

    4-8-1-3- Jamshid.. 70

    4-8-1-4- Qaiser.. 71

    4-8-1-5- Noushin Roan (Anushirvan). 71

    4-8-2- Religious declaration. 71 4-8-2-1- Idris.

    4-8-2-6- Daoud (pbuh).. 74

    4-8-2-7- Sulaiman (pbuh).. 74

    4-8-2-8- Saleh (pbuh).. 75

    4-8-2-9- Sohaib.. 76

    4-8-2-10- Isa (pbuh)... 76

    4-8-2-11- Maryam (S).78

    4-8-2-14-Yagoj. 78

    4-9- Weights and quantities. 79

    Income. 80

    4-9-1-Baa. 81

    4-9-2- Seconds. 81

    4-9-3- Kharsang. 81

    4-9-4- Kharwar. 81

    4-9-5 cubits. 82

    4-9-6- Derm. 82

    4-9-7- double pound. 82

    10-4- Games and entertainment. 83

    Income. 84

    4-10-1- Polo. 85

    4-10-2- Chess. 85

    4-10-2-1- Chess terms. 85

    4-10-2-1-2- Foot and Farzin. 85

    4-10-2-1-3-pawn (pawn). 86

    4-10-2-1-4- King's house. 86

    4-10-2-1-5- Housebound. 86

    4-10-2-1-6- Shah Mat. 86

    4-10-2-1-7- Farzin. 87

    4-10-3- backgammon. 87

    4-10-3-1- cube. 87

    4-10-3-2- six. 87

    4-11- Beliefs. 88

    Income. 89

    4-11-1- eyed. 90

    4-12-wearables. 91

    Income. 92.

    4-12-1- Azar. 94

    4-12-2- Atlas. 94

    4-12-3- Turkey. 94

    4-12-4- Footware. 94

    4-12-5- Jalbab. 94

    4-12-6- Welding. 95

    4-12-7- Kharkeh Qasb. 95

    4-12-8- Desar. 95

    4-12-9- Dastar. 95

    4-12-10- Diba. 96

    4-12-11- Saraville. 96

    4-12-12- Slogan. 96

    4-12-13- Defective. 96

    4-12-14- Halle. 96

    4-12-15- March. 96

    4-12-16- Daraa. 97

    4-12-17- Sadreh. 97

    4-12-18- Khara. 97

    4-12-19- Qaba (Rada). 97

    4-12-20- Qabacha. 97

    4-12-21- Marqa. 97

    4-12-22- Futa. 98

    4-12-23- Muajr. 98

    4-12-24- Niqab. 98

    4-13-Obligations. 99

    Income. 100

    4-13-1- Guaranteeing someone. 101

    4-13-2- Making a covenant. 101

    4-14- Magic and sorcery. 102

    Income. 103

    4-14-1- Charm. 106

    4-14-2- Magic. 106

    4-14-3- Dawn of Pharaoh. 106

    4-14-4- Talisman. 106

    4-14-5- Guilt. 107

    4-14-6- Mushabid. 108

    4-14-7- Glazing. 108

    4-15- Animals and animals. 110

    Income. 111

    4-15-1-Birds. 112

    4-15-1-1- open. 112

    4-15-1-2- Bat. 112

    4-15-1-3- Nightingale. 113

    4-15-1-4- Benjeshg. 113

    4-15-1-5-canvas. 113

    4-15-1-6- Owl. 114

    4-15-1-7- Zero. 115

    4-15-1-8- Chicken. 115

    4-15-1-9- Simorgh. 116

    4-15-1-10- Shahin. 116

    4-15-1-11- Sawah. 117

    4-15-1-12- Peacock. 117

    4-15-1-13- Parrot. 117

    4-15-1-14- Quebec. 118

    4-15-1-15- Pigeon. 118

    4-15-1-16- Eagle. 119

    4-15-1-17- Ghorab. 119

    4-15-1-18- Magpie. 120

    4-15-1-19- Vulture. 120

    4-15-1-20- Sparrow. 121

    4-15-1-21- Homa. 122

    4-15-1-22- Hodod. 122

    4-15-1-23-Hazardistan. 123

    4-15-1-24-raven. 123

    4-15-1-25- Elk. 123

    4-15-1-26- Chekauk. 123

    4-15-1-27-Rooster. 124

    4-15-1-28- Chicken. 124

    4-15-1-29- Drag. 124

    4-15-1-30- Crow. 124

    4-15-1-31- Doab (C Daba). 125

    4-15-2- Quadrupeds. 125

    4-15-2-1- deer. 125

    4-15-2-2- Goat. 126

    4-15-2-3- Greyhound. 126

    4-15-2-4- Tis. 126

    4-15-2-5- sentence. 126

    4-15-2-6- Donkey. 126

    4-15-2-7- rabbit. 126

    4-15-2-8- Samand. 127

    4-15-2-9- Camel. 127

    4-15-2-10- Ghazal. 128

    4-15-2-11- Hyun. 128

    4-15-2-12- Naqe. 128

    4-15-3- Reptiles. 128

    4-15-3-1- Arqam (C Arqam). 128

    4-15-3-2- Dragon. 128

    4-15-3-3- Viper. 129

    4-15-3-4- Salamander. 129

    4-15-3-5- back stone. 129

    4-15-4-6- Discovery. 130

    4-15-4-7- Mar. 130

    4-15-4-8- Snake. 130

    4-15-4 other animals. 130

    4-15-4-1- mosquito. 130

    4-15-4-2- Porcupine. 131

    4-15-4-3- Shim. 131

    4-15-4-4- Ghok. 131

    4-15-5-4- cake. 131

    4-15-6-4- fly. 131

    4-15-5- Beast.

Elements of popular culture in Marzban Nameh
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