Investigation of rhetorical figures in Hazrat Zainab's sermons

Number of pages: 94 File Format: word File Code: 31547
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Literature - Persian Language
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    Master's Thesis

    Abstract

    One ??of the issues that makes speech catchy and makes it solid and elegant is the proper and appropriate use of rhetorical figures. A knowledgeable theologian, by mastering the prevailing environmental conditions and using different forms and diversity in speech, tries to express his words in a way that has the greatest effect on the audience. Among the issues that are examined in rhetorical forms is the use of appropriate syntactic structure and the appropriate use of novel arrays and expressions, mastery of the principles of eloquence and rhetoric, and attention to its simple use and structure. In this article, the author tries to express its rhetorical form by examining the sermons of Hazrat Zainab 3 in Kufa and Sham and the protest of that noble person with Ibn Ziyad. First, by stating the prevailing environmental conditions at the time of delivery of the sermon, it highlights the characteristic of its eloquence and clarifies the syntactic and morphological usage of the word. Also, by expressing the different meanings of the letters, the structure and its influence are examined, and the novel arrays and expressions used in these sermons are pointed out because they cause a great impact of the eloquence of the Prophet's speech. In the end, by examining the context of the Prophet's words, the effect of choosing special words such as letters in his speech is expressed.

    During the research, the author has come to the conclusion that Hazrat Zainab3 is fully aware of the prevailing environmental conditions of his time, by using a variety of expressive-emotional arrays, he tries to hurt the audience's emotions. Also, due to the stupidity and betrayals of the people of that time, the entire speech of the Prophet is full of different emphases in diverse and diverse structures.

    Key words: sermons of Hazrat Zainab3, rhetorical figures, meanings of letters, expression and innovation.

    Introduction

    Human beings can communicate with others and influence them through the power of language. takes advantage By choosing different words, he tries to change the effect of his speech in different ways. In some cases, it arouses the emotions of the audience and incites him to do something, and in some cases, he warns him from doing the action. Sometimes he makes him agree with his words, actions and thoughts and sometimes he makes him aware of the issues around him.

    In all these cases, the language and its elements, which are the vocabulary and beauties that govern the language system, are influential. Elements such as rhetoric and eloquence. It can multiply the effect of the speech of the theologian.

    Great writers and writers use rhetorical forms to explain their speech. They usually enrich their speech by adding similes and metaphors, irony, Quranic quotations, etc. They complete Rather, with the help of similes, soul and life give words to the body and mental meanings (emotional-sensual and intellectual) are displayed in tangible and vivid forms in the form of original paintings. And he was a powerful orator. Anyone who studies his famous sermons after Ashura will admit that he is a scholar of the school of Ali. Considering that a good speech must have special conditions, such as: "1- the speaker's mental peace and not being under the pressure of internal factors (such as hunger and thirst); 2- Listeners' positive view of the speaker and respect for him; 3- a calm and quiet environment; 4- Not facing uncomfortable scenes and favorable conditions".[1] But none of these conditions were available for Hazrat Zainab 3. From the beginning of the captivity, food and water were rationed for them, and Hazrat also divided his share among the children. The listeners looked at Ahl al-Bayt with contempt. There was no silence and peace in that environment, and heartbreaking scenes happened before the eyes of the hero of Karbala, such as beating the lips and teeth of Imam Hussain7. In this situation, Hazrat Zainab3 tried to increase the effect of words on the audience to the highest level by using rhetorical forms. Considering that the beginning of the sciences of our knowledge is the senses. Hazrat made the understanding of the truth smooth for the audience with examples of tangible matters and made an effort to approximate the concepts and facts to the mind with visualization and made it a tool to familiarize the audience with what is in their field of evidence.This dissertation examines the rhetorical forms of the Prophet's sermons and clarifies its rhetorical miracle in choosing appropriate words and tangible meanings. He uses similes and metaphors and allusions. He mentioned the greatness of the incident and made the incidents tangible and understandable for the people. Arousing the emotions of the audience is not possible for every speaker. Only those whose words are ultimately eloquent will achieve this goal and Hazrat Zainab 3 is a perfect example of this type of speakers. We intend to analyze the sermons of Hazrat Zainab 3 in terms of rhetorical forms. In this research, rhetorical forms are not meant to be rhetorical images in the science of expression, but rather all linguistic forms that can be cited in each of the three sciences of meaning, expression, and innovation, in other words, its general meaning is intended. This dissertation is in 4 chapters.

    Chapter one: contains generalities.

    Chapter two: Rhetorical forms of the Kufa sermon.

    Chapter three: Rhetorical forms of the evening sermon.

    Chapter four: Rhetorical forms in Hazrat Zainab's protest with 3 Ibn Ziyad.

    which is examined in several axes:

    1- The formal structure of the sermon.

    2- The use of the meanings of the sermon.

    3- The expressive use of the sermon.

    4- Innovative use Sermon.

    5- The syntactic use of sermon words.

    In each part, after the environmental conditions are mentioned, sermon documents are mentioned; After that, the main text of the sermon, which is taken from the book of Lahouf Sayyed Ibn Tavus. Then the translation of the sermon and after that a selection of the use of form, rhetoric and expression, meanings, novel and syntax in the sermon and the need for a syntactic diagram of some of them has been pointed out, and what is most important in these sermons was the use of tangible expressions that the Prophet used to understand the meaning of his words to the audience.

    Abstract

     

    Using rhetoric forms appropriately is one of the issues causing the word to be attractive. Informed speaker tries to state his/her speech so that it has the most effect on the listener by dominating over environmental conditions and using different forms in speaking. Using appropriate syntax structure and new array, dominance over rhetoric, eloquence principles, attending to the use of morphology and its structure are issues investigated in rhetoric forms. In this study, the writer tries to state the rhetoric forms of Islamic sermon of holiness Zeinab in Kufeh and Sham according to investigation of Her Islamic sermon in Kufeh and Sham with Ibn Ziad. First, the environmental conditions governing the Islamic sermon's time which highlight its rhetoric and eloquence quality are mentioned, and morphological and syntax use of word and speech is considered. Also structure and its impression is investigated by stating kinds of letters' meanings. New arrays and used expression in these Islamic sermons are pointed to effect on speech rhetoric of holiness Zeinab. Finally, the effect of adapting special words like letters on delivering her speech is mentioned by investigating the speech manner of holiness Zeinab.  It is concluded from the study that holiness Zeinab tries to hurt listener's feelings by awareness of all environmental conditions governing her time and use of all kinds of expressive-sensual arrays. Also, all of Her speech are full of different emphasizes on different structures according to foolishness and treason of people of that time.

    Keywords: Islamic sermons of Holiness Zeinab, rhetoric forms, letters' meaning, expression and figures of speech.

  • Contents & References of Investigation of rhetorical figures in Hazrat Zainab's sermons

    List:

     

    Abstract.

    Introduction. 1

    Chapter One: Generalities and Concepts

    1-1 Part One: Generalities. 5

    1-1-1 Research questions. 6

    1-1-2 research assumptions. 6

    1-1-3 background and records of the subject. 7

    1-1-4 expressing the effects of innovation and newness of the design. 8

    1-1-5 Necessity of conducting research. 8

    1-1-6 statement of the problem. 9

    1-1-7 research method. 9

    1-1-8 general topics of the thesis. 10

    1-1-9 Main sources. 10

    1-1-10 Definition of terms. 10

    1-2 Part II: Biography of Hazrat Zainab3. 12

    1-2-1 Hazrat Zainab's wife and children 3. 12

    1-2-2 Some titles of Hazrat Zainab3. 13

    Chapter Two: Kufa and Hazrat Zainab3

    2-1 Brief history of Kufa. 17

    2-1-1 The political and social context of Kufa at that time. 17

    2-1-2 Religions and their followers in Kufa. 18

    2-2 Environmental conditions of Kufa sermon. 18

    2-3 sermon documents in the Kufian community. 21

    2-4 sermon of Hazrat Zainab3 in Kufa. 22

    2-5 shape structure. 24

    2-6 rhetorical analysis. 25

    2-6-1 Application of semantics. 27

    2-6-1-1 news purposes. 28

    2-6-1-2 The purpose of the call 29

    2-6-1-3 Emphasis of the word. 30

    2-6-1-4 Hesr (palace) 32

    2-6-1-5 interrogative letters. 33

    2-6-1-6 mistakes. 33

    2-6-1-7 Abbreviation 34

    2-6-1-8 Citizen. 35

    2-6-1-10 Chapter Al-Khattab. 35

    2-6-1-11 Hassan Khatam. 36

    2-6-1-12 eloquence. 36

    2-6-2 expressive use. 38

    2-6-2-1 analogy. 38

    2-6-2-2 allowed 43

    2-6-2-3 metaphor. 44

    2-6-3 innovative use. 47

    2-6-3-1 reinforcement. 47

    2-6-3-2 pun. 48

    2-6-3-3 Ignorance of ignorance. 49

    2-6-3-4 plates. 50

    2-6-3-5 confrontation. 50

    2-6-3-6 repetition of synonyms. 51

    2-6-3-7 intertextuality. 52

    2-7 Syntactic use of words in the sermon. 56

    2-7-1 Use of verbs. 56

    2-7-2 Present sentences of Wasmiya. 57

    2-7-3 Use of letters. 58

    Chapter 3: Sham and Hazrat Zainab 3

    3-1 Environmental conditions of Hazrat's sermon in Sham. 63

    2-3 Khutba documents in Yazid's caliphate in Syria. 67

    3-3 Hazrat Zainab's sermon in Syria. 68

    3-4 formal structure of the evening sermon. 72

    3-5 rhetorical analysis. 72

    3-5-1 Application of meanings. 73

    3-5-1-1 Word emphasis. 74

    3-5-1-2 Hesr (palace) 75

    3-5-1-3 Ijaz 75

    3-5-1-4 Independence. 76

    3-5-1-5 allocation. 76

    3-5-1-6 eloquence. 76

    3-5-1-7 Hassan Khatam. 77

    3-5-2 Use of expression. 77

    3-5-2-1 analogy. 77

    3-5-2-2 metaphor. 78

    3-5-2-3 irony. 79

    3-5-3 innovative use. 81

    3-5-3-1 Maraaah al-Nazir. 81

    3-5-3-2 phonology. 81

    3-5-3-3 Sajja. 82

    3-5-3-4 Ignoring Al-Arif. 84

    3-5-3-6 plates. 85

    3-5-3-7 confrontation. 86

    3-5-3-8 repetition of synonyms. 86

    3-5-3-9 religious intertextuality. 86

    3-6 Syntactic use of words in the sermon. 91

    3-6-1 Use of verbs. 91

    3-6-2 Nominative and adverbial sentences. 93

    3-6-3 Use of letters. 94

    Chapter 4: Daralamare and the protest of Hazrat Zainab 3

    4-1 The environmental conditions of the Prophet's protest with Ibn Ziyad in Daralamare and expressing his protest. 99

    4-2 Protest documents in the Daralamare of Kufa. 100

    4-3 The formal structure of Hazrat Zainab's protest with Ibn Ziyad. 101

    4-4 rhetorical analysis. 101

    4-4-1 Application of meanings. 102

    4-4-1-1 Word emphasis. 102

    4-4-2 Use of expression. 102

    4-4-2-1 irony. 102

    4-4-3 innovative application. 102

    4-4-3-1 Meraaah al-Nazir. 102

    4-4-3-2 reinforcement. 102

    4-4-3-3 plates. 103

    4-4-3-4 religious intertextuality. 103

    4-5 syntactic use of words in the sermon. 104

    4-5-1 Use of verbs. 104

    4-5-2 Noun and present sentences. 104

    4-5-3 Use of letters. 104

    Conclusion. 106

    List of sources and sources. 109

    Source:

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Investigation of rhetorical figures in Hazrat Zainab's sermons