Protest in Forough's poetry

(M.A.) Dissertation for Master Degree

Abstract

One ??of the inevitable aspects of poetry is its protest aspect. Ever since the poet used his feelings, thoughts and imagination, the song became an element of protest and became an integral part of his poetry. This protest has taken different dimensions and methods in the history of Persian poetry, in different centuries and styles. In the history of this land, during the coup d'état of August 28, 1332, silence and suffocation begins to rule over our land, intellectuals and poets are isolated and seek their only refuge in the land of earthly love, and the regime tries to keep the youth away from politics. In the middle of this, a woman suddenly arrived. A woman who, unlike her predecessors, carelessly described and expressed her feminine feelings, and because she broke the tradition and spoke openly, her name became popular. Forough Farrokhzad is one of the outstanding figures of contemporary Iranian poetry by publishing five collections of poetry, titled Asir, Divar, Asian, Toldidigar, and Imanbayarimbe, the beginning of the cold season. Therefore, various personal events, from the time of birth to death, especially the failure in marriage and being away from children, the taunts and blame of those around her in response to her poetry, and on the other hand, the inflamed atmosphere of the society, political events and events after the August 28 coup, and Forough's personality traits, made her a protesting woman in the field of poetry.  By going through his intellectual and linguistic journey and by publishing his five collections, Forough Motesten expresses various dimensions of protest in different ways. His first three collections are like rituals that reflect the personal concerns and personal protests of a lonely woman. Failure in marriage, distance from the child, description of the moments of the soldier being away from the lover, pain of exile, rejection from the family, condemnation of God due to failures and failure in individual life, especially in a collection of rebellions, are among the themes that filled the protest space of these three collections. A careless woman who, besides expressing these feelings, attacks the man by condemning him as the main cause of captivity. In the last two collections, Forough goes beyond the personal self and reaches the global self, depicting various aspects of social and political protests. Protesting the silence of intellectuals and people's indifference towards a post-coup society, criticizing injustice and poverty, portraying societies with a traditional texture mixed with ignorance and superstition, protesting mistrust and lies, condemning the repetitive and artificial life in society, and finally the loud cry of loneliness, despair and pessimism, are among the themes that Forough uses in his two final collections, by using modern poetic words and weights and by freeing himself from the charpara format, depicts Therefore, dealing with the category of protest in the vast Persian literature of this land and the factors influencing Forough's protest poems, as well as examining the collection of Forough's works from the point of view of protest, in order to determine his intellectual evolution, and finally, explaining the various dimensions of protest in Forough's works are among the topics that the second to fifth chapters of this thesis have devoted to.

Keywords: Forough Farrokhzad, protest, rebellion, recklessness Individual me, social me

Introduction

In the society, there are women who do not want to fly in the dark like bats and do not want to use hypocrisy and hypocrisy in this way, they do not care about the apparent immunity they have behind their husband's name and even People's words and what is interpreted as a scandal, they do not pay attention and disrupt their life and apparent peace. Forough Farrokhzad was one of these women. With the difference that the fate of many of these women is confusion in multiple marriages, with unrequited love and bitter and sweet adventures of the air of the heart, until finally the broken furrows sit on their faces and old snow sits on their heads and their feverish bodies gradually approach the coldness of death; However, as a poet, after getting rid of marital pain, Forough did not give in to captivity anymore; Rather, he rebelled and was abandoned forever and lived abandoned; Because if she separated from her husband, she joined poetry.  His connection with poetry was the first in the winding corridor of the literature of this land. Forough Farrokhzad was the first woman who broke the patriarchal system in poetry. She was the first female poet who used feminine language in her poetry.. Forough was the first person who spoke about a man's beloved in the field of poetry, recklessly and with full courage, knowing how to stand in front of taunts and accusations. He was the one who dared to break moral taboos for the first time in poetry. He was a poet who for the first time broke social customs and conventions of married life. Forough Farrokhzad was the first woman who bravely challenged many concepts and issues of existence and creation and sat down to talk to God with a language of protest. All these firsts, in the traditional and religious contexts, made him a protest poet. Therefore, Forough's poem is a protest poem. Forough's poetry in its nature and institution is a wonder of protest and cry that revealed the nature of the soul and female language and defamiliarized the only language and mentality of male lyrics. As Helensiko, a supporter of the critical school of women's originality and other like-minded thinkers, say: A woman must free herself from censorship and recover her merits, her wishes and the vast territory of her existence that has been kept under seal, and in this way, she will always go beyond the words that the patriarchal system regulates, and in this way the light will go beyond, and in the times when women are behind the curtains and the palaces and the harems. And they could not have an independent existence, Forough gave life to a new uprising with his language of protest, by publishing his poetry collections. By publishing his poems and expressing his words and personal experiences and failures in his life, Forough opened the painful and swollen complex of the Iranian woman's silence that had caused him to suffocate. First, his mind and thought in his first three poetry collections, namely Shadow, Wall and Rebellion, revealed the personal failures of his life, with the language of protest, and then the same mind, which in the final collection of another birth and believe in the beginning of the cold season, became the manifestation of human and social thought and emotion. Bod, forced Forough to go beyond the space of personal and individual themes arising from his wishes and feelings and join the community and shout the pain of the community and the disorders that have developed in it with a protesting and painful language; But alas, it was at the height of his glory and protest that suddenly the hand of destiny stopped him from continuing his cries and separated his existence from the body of protest literature. But his protest and his name still resonate in the ears of the suffering and oppressed people of history. Since that day that the poet or poetess wrote a poem making benefits of his/her emotions, devisal and imaginations, the element of protest has become an inseparable part of their poetry. Over centuries and different poetic styles, this kind of protest has taken different facets and ways in Persian literature. In a period of history of this country, the emotions and the oil nationalization campaign, and through the coup of 19 August 1953, silence and suffocation started dominating our land; the wall of political opinion collapses slowly, Illuminati are inside oriented and are reclusive poets, and consider their only shelter in the earthly loves and the regime is trying to seek to keep the young people away from politics and to make them step into the non-political arenas. Suddenly a woman came in the middle. A woman who, unlike her predecessors, described and expressed recklessly her feminine feeling rankly, breaking the traditions and protesting the social conventions, she was celebrated. Forough Farrokhzad published five collections of poetry, called the Captive, the Wall, Rebel, Born again and Let's believe in the cold season, and was one of the leading figures of contemporary Iranian poetry. Her last two collections have been created specifically to acquire a new concept of poetry and made her an international poetess. So many family events including failure in marriage, being away from her child and the community. The atmosphere of political events after the coup of 19 August 1953 and linguistic features of her personality in the field of poetry, made her a protesting woman.