Examining theological thoughts in Divan Jami

Dissertation

To receive a master's degree

Persian language and literature

Abstract

Nouraldin Abd al-Rahman Jami (a great poet and mystic of the 9th century AH) is a scholar of Persian language and literature. In the field of Persian and Arabic language and literature, he has compositions in verse and prose. During Jami's time, theological debates and issues were prevalent among intellectuals, and due to the importance of this science in understanding religion and defending religious opinions and beliefs, each of them who had written works expressed these thoughts in different ways in order to spread and consolidate their beliefs among the people. Jami has expressed theological thoughts in his works for various reasons. In this research, Jami's theological opinions have been examined based on his divan. Due to the fact that this work covers three periods of the poet's life, i.e. the poet's youth, middle age and old age, it is better to clarify the poet's opinions on theological issues. According to the studies, it should be said that Jami in his Diwan has mostly discussed the topics of monotheism and its types, and topics such as predestination and free will, judgment and fate, reliance, intercession, repentance, the nature of God, essence and width, prophecy, Imamate and issues related to the hereafter. In most of his beliefs, Jami is on the Ash'ari and Matridiyyah sects, even though these two sects are very close to each other in terms of beliefs. In issues such as intercession, promise, and promise, he has a view similar to that of Imamiyyah and Ash'arih. In the matter of grace and the objectivity of nature and attributes, Jami's view is similar to that of the Imamites and mystics, but in this case it cannot be said for sure that Jami has accepted the view of the Imamites, because Jami is a mystical poet and perhaps his mystical view prevailed in this field.

Key words: Persian poetry, 9th century Hijri, Abdul Rahman Jami, Diwan Jami, science of speech.

Foreword

Praise be to God who is the first and the last of existence, without the first surpassing him or the last following him; A God whose reach is short for every eye to see, and the understanding of every descriptive pigeon flying in the sky is unable to describe; The God who made the sea of ??creation flow with his boundless power and created all creation by his eternal will; He led everyone to a path in the shadow of his will and ignited the fire of his love in them. For every living being, there is a cup known from certain parts and benefits of life. It is not possible to reduce the one who has abundant sustenance, nor can he increase the one who has little sustenance. He decreed a definite end and definite end for the life of every living being, so that he may step towards it day by day and get closer to it with each passing year. And when the last step is marked on the earth and the cup of life is filled with a known account, his soul will stop his soul from the blessing of reward or the punishment of punishment to what he is called to, so that he will bring the evildoers to the valley of wrath because of their evildoing and the righteous to the valley of mercy because of their evildoing, and in this way he will show the mirror of his justice and show justice to the creation. Big is the 9th century of Hijri. His many works in the field of Persian and Arabic literature have given this poet international aspects and he has been assigned a high position throughout the Islamic countries. Since this poet was one of the great mystics and great men of his time, it is important to examine his works and thoughts, and by examining his works, you can get to know his beliefs as well as the prevailing thoughts of that time.

In the first steps, when I was looking for a topic for my thesis, and from the beginning I intended to choose a topic for my thesis that would lead me to the knowledge of God. After referring to Mr. Khodadadi and his guidance, the subject of researching the theological thoughts in Jami's court was finally approved for me in the Persian literature department.

This thesis consists of five chapters:

The first chapter includes the basics of research, research background, research questions and research methods.

The second chapter examines the life and circumstances of Jami. In this chapter, information such as Jami's birthday, death, education, moral characteristics, Jami's travels, marriage, children, Jami's environment, political situation and the study of religion in this era and Jami's religion, Jami's works in the three fields of literature, intellectual sciences and narrative sciences and the literary position of the poet are stated. In this chapter, linguistics has been examined in words and terms. Different views on the topic of this science.Various points of view on the topic of this science, as well as the history, benefits and goals of this science have been discussed among other things. Finally, sects and how they appeared and expressed their views and opinions have been briefly examined. In the fourth chapter, Jami's poems in Divanesh have been examined from the point of view of theology. In this chapter, topics such as the monotheism of essence, the monotheism of verbs, the separation of divine names, the attributes of God, occurrence and step, essence and width, seeing the supreme truth, predestination and free will, divine grace, intercession, judgment and fate, reliance, repentance, promise and promise, prophecy, imamate and resurrection have been examined. The topics raised with the viewpoints of theological tendencies are evaluated and finally, according to these viewpoints, Jami's theological tendency has been identified with regard to the poems he wrote in Divan. The fifth chapter includes the conclusions of the topics.

This research was done as a fundamental type and in a library method using a descriptive analytical method. After choosing the topic, I studied theological books in order to familiarize myself with theology. Suddenly, I found myself facing a deep and vast sea and I understood well that entering it is difficult and exiting it is even more difficult, and if it were not for the valuable guidance of Dr. Mohammad Khodadadi and the patience and wisdom of the honorable leader, as well as the valuable advice of Dr. Mehdi Malek Thabit, who compassionately guided me along this path, it would have been difficult or impossible for me to follow this path. Sometimes these topics were so complicated and difficult that I hesitated to continue the work, but I was always attracted to continue the work by referring to Mr. In order to complete the stages of the thesis, not only he was my pathfinder from the scientific point of view, but I also learned lessons from the moral point of view in his presence. Openness, patience and patience, humility, greatness of the secretary, all these are few of many. During this period, I made mistakes and laziness, and to my utter disbelief, they nobly forgave me. I hope they will be blessed by God because of this grace they gave to me.

After finishing the thesis and familiarizing myself with the views of Nahleha about God, I did not find any more beautiful results than the words of Mullah Ali (AS). He said in the 49th sermon of Nahj al-Balaghah: "Praise belongs to God who is aware of hidden secrets and clear signs indicate His existence, He is never revealed before the eyes of the seers, but neither the eyes of the one who has not seen Him can deny Him, nor the heart of the one who has not known Him can observe Him. He has surpassed everyone in the highest rank, so nothing can be superior to him and it is so close that nothing is closer than him. His high status did not distance him from his creations and his closeness with creation did not make him equal with them. He did not make minds aware of His attributes, but He did not stop them from knowing His existence, He is also the one who testified the signs of existence, made the hearts of the deniers to acknowledge His existence, and is far superior to the words of those who compare Him to creatures or deny Him". I have the utmost gratitude and gratitude to my brothers and sisters, whose existence has been a source of peace and joy in my existence.

Here I feel it necessary to thank Professor Farzaneh, Mr. Dr. Mohammadreza Najarian, the esteemed director of the Department of Persian Language and Literature, and other distinguished and learned professors of the Department of Persian Language and Literature, Mr. Dr. Elham Bakhsh, Mr. Dr. Pahlavan Hosseini, Mr. Dr. Dehqani, Mr. Dr. Pooyan, Ms. Dr. Nasri, who are blessed with their teaching. I have benefited, I express my utmost gratitude; I am also grateful to all my friends, especially Nahid Abedini, Sara Kazemi Tabatabai, Firuzeh Nasiri, Hamida Sadat Areste, Masoume Watanparast, Farzaneh Mardani and all those who have been my friend and support during this period. Subject

Nouraldin Abd al-Rahman Jami (817-898) is one of the great poets and writers of the 9th century. Abd al-Rahman Jami has many works in Persian and Arabic language and literature in verse and prose, and he was very famous in his time due to his extensive knowledge in various fields. According to what they mentioned about Jami, he was included among the Sufis and mystics of his time.