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  3. Investigating the narrative type of story memory in two works "Scattered Memories" and "Two Worlds" by Goli Targhee

Investigating the narrative type of story memory in two works "Scattered Memories" and "Two Worlds" by Goli Targhee

Number of pages: 201 File Format: word File Code: 31542
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Literature - Persian Language
Tags/Keywords: Literary genres - memoir writing - narration - narratology - progress flower - Scattered memories - story - the memory - two worlds
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  • Summary of Investigating the narrative type of story memory in two works "Scattered Memories" and "Two Worlds" by Goli Targhee

    Farsi language and literature master thesis

    Abstract:

    Literary genres always have the capacity to change, combine and find new genres. One of these types is "memoir-story".

    Memoir writing has been noticed and investigated in recent studies of narratology, which is the result of the new approach of man to himself and his place in the system of existence. Memories are things that have happened to a person and traces of them are left in the mind, past events of a person, past events that a person has seen or heard. The meaning of memory as a literary genre or genre can be understood when that memory is written down and contains the characteristics of a literary work. A story or a novel is a narrative work in prose that is based on imagination. The combination and combination of memory and story has created a special kind of literature.

    This study examines two works of Goli Targhee "Scattered Memories and Two Worlds" with a descriptive-analytical method. Goli Targhee is one of the writers who has benefited from the combination of these two genres of "Memory-Fiction". His works cannot be called memory or story separately, but are a complete combination of memory-story. Elements such as: detail, intimacy of language, first person narrator, objectivity, accurate description of place and time favors memoir, and elements such as: inner monologue, fluid of mind, literary descriptions, suspense and suspense make the text like a story. Therefore, the dominant genre of Targhee narratives is the story, whose Taropod is a memory; That is, Goli Targhi has told stories using his childhood and past memories.

    Key words: narratology, story, memory, memory-story, scattered memories and two worlds, Goli Targhi.

    Introduction

    "Narratives of the outside world" is counted These narratives are told in any language: oral or written language, still or moving images, gestures and gestures, etc. Narrative is present everywhere: in myth, legend, story, parable, short novel, epic, history, drama, comedy, pantomime, painting, cinema, news reports, conversation, etc. Narration has been the companion and companion of mankind since the beginning of life, and there are no people who are not familiar with narration. In a word, narration is present everywhere, like life itself" (Abbott, 2011: 92). "Narrative is present not only in stories, but also in myths, legends, moral tales, stories, tragedies, comedies, epics, history, pantomimes, paintings, picture books, news and conversations" (Asaberger, 2010:32). From simple children's stories to the most complex novels, movies and even commercials are considered a kind of narrative.

    One ??of these narratives is expressed in the form of memories. Memory exists in all of our lives. Some people tell their good or bad memories to others and some people write them in their diaries. In literature, memory is not considered an independent literary type, but a literary type called memory and speech memory has joined other literary types today. Therefore, we consider the research gap about memory to be important, and we examine its importance and its effect on the story, and conversely, the effect of story writing on reminiscence. A person who does not have any memories or mind and memory, or has not been in time and place and the events of days, and in both cases does not have "identity and personality" and this is not possible. Also, everyone is interested in hearing and reading and having "memories" and everyone is somehow influenced by their memories and their relatives or others. Each person's memories are not only a part of his personality and existence, but it can be said that basically the life and history of each person is a collection of connected memories.

    Even though memory is like the particles of air around us and also the blood in the veins of the individual and the community, it flows and flows, but despite all this, unfortunately, in Persian language and its published works, there is no independent book and writing that is in charge of discussion and review about memory and memory writing. In this way, there is a strange poverty and lack of this important branch of historical and literary knowledge - especially among Muslims - which should be properly addressed.

     

    1-2. Statement of the issue

    "Goli Targhee was born in 1318 in Tehran in a wealthy family. He completed his secondary education in Tehran and his higher education in the field of philosophy in America. For some time, he taught as a professor of mythology in the Faculty of Fine Arts of Tehran University. He published his first collection of stories titled "Man Ham Che Guevara" in 1348 and his short novel "Winter Sleep" in 1352. After the revolution, he published the collection of stories "Scattered Memories" (1371) and "Somewhere Elsewhere" (1379) (Mirsadeghi, 1381: 285).

    His works include: "Man Che Gwara Asht" (1348), "Winter Sleep" (1351), "Scattered Memories" (1371), "Somewhere Else" (1379). and "Two Worlds" (1381). He has also written the book "The Grand Lady of Existence" about Forough and myth, symbols and eternal forms. Targhi immigrated to France in 1358. There, he wrote stories that are either rooted in the haunting memories of his childhood, or are an image of the difficulties of living in exile and the spiritual wanderings of immigrants. "Scattered Memories" and "Two Worlds" are among these works. With works such as scattered memories, two worlds and another place, he was able to introduce himself as a writer with style and language. In the stories of this author, there are signs of the past and reminiscences along with the longing and sadness of childhood, and in fact, nostalgia is clearly seen in his works. Retrograde has a feeling that generally goes back to his childhood. Targhee writes most of his stories in the way of memoirs, with the method of going back to the past and reviewing memories, in a coherent and predetermined plan.

    About the definition of a story, it has been said: "A story is a narration in prose of recreating events about people in a way that creates expectation and intimacy" (Mastoor, 1379:7). "A story is an objective image of the author's perspective and perception of life" (Mirsadeghi, 1376: 17).

    "The most fundamental element of a story is narration. Narration is the concept of successive retelling of events, the discovery of the sequence, sequence, and chain of the speech that the narrator recounts" (Mastoor, 2009: 7). Narrative explores human thought and describes how he interacts and reacts. The thoughts and vision of every writer or poet are determined through his narrative or poetry. According to Rimonkanan's interpretation, "narratives are chains of fictional events and the act of narration/narrative refers to two categories: 1- the process of communication in which the sender sends the narrative in the form of a message to the receiver; 2- The verbal nature of the medium that conveys the message, and it is this verbal nature that distinguishes the narration of a story from the narration in other media such as film, dance or pantomime" (Rimonkanan, 1387: 11).

    "Memory, that is, an event that happened in the past and remains in a person's memory" (Sokhan dictionary, subtext). Memoirs are placed under lyrical works because they express the author's feelings and emotions and may stimulate the reader's emotions. Literary language and other literary features in the text of memoirs lead them to a literary work and place them among literary works. Many definitions have been given about memoirs: "a biography or a description of a part of a person's life" (Fragner, 2017: 27). "An image that remains in the mind, which is a mirror of reality, but it is not a complete view and it is colored by emotion" (Hasininjad, 1388: 18). which contain the lives and memories of their authors, are among other types of memoir writing literature. Gholamhossein Yousefi considers autobiography to be a type of memory and writes: "A memory is anything that is written with intention and awareness, and its purpose is to introduce the actions and thoughts of the author" (Yousefi, 2010: 361).

  • Contents & References of Investigating the narrative type of story memory in two works "Scattered Memories" and "Two Worlds" by Goli Targhee

    List:

     

    Chapter One: Introduction and Generalities

    1-1. Introduction 2

    1-2. Statement of problem 3

    1-3. Related records 5

    1-4. The main research question (initial question) 6

    1-5. Research questions 6

    1-6. Research objectives 6

    1-7. Users of research results 6

    1-8. Type of research 7

    1-9. Research Method 7

    Chapter Two: Theoretical Foundations and Definitions

    Part One: Storytelling 9

    2-1. Narrative, story 9

    2-1-1. Definition of narrative 9

    2-1-1-1. Narratology 10

    2-1-1-2. Features of narration 11

    2-1-2.  Definition of story 11

    2-1-2-1. Modern stories 12

    2-1-2-1-1. Features of modernism in terms of literature 12

    2-1-2-1-2. Modernism in Iran 13

    2-1-3. Story elements 13

    2-1-3-1. Definition of 13th ring

    2-1-3-1-1. Pirang in modern story 14

    2-1-3-1-2. Struggle 14

    2-1-3-1-3. Knotting 15

    2-1-3-1-4. Time in Pirang 15

    2-1-3-2. Character and characterization 15

    2-1-3-2-1. Static character 17

    2-1-3-2-2. Dynamic character 17

    2-1-3-3. Narrator 19

    2-1-3-3-1. Tense of verb 20

    2-1-3-3-2. I am the hero (first person involved) 23

    2-1-3-3-2. I am the witness (first person observer) 23

    2-1-3-3-3. Monologue 24

    2-1-3-3-4. Inner monologue 24

    2-1-3-3-5. The difference between hadith of self and internal monologue 24

    2-1-3-3-6. Direct and indirect internal monologue 24

    2-1-3-3-7. The fluid flow of the mind 25

    2-1-3-3-8. Lyrical story 25

    2-1-3-3-9. Time and fluid flow of the mind 26

    2-1-3-3-10. Association 26

    2-1-3-3-10-1. Inductive or binding association 27

    2-1-3-3-10-2. Free association 27

    2-1-3-3-10-2-1. Association of meanings 27

    2-1-3-4. Fictional reality or narration of reality 27

    2-1-3-5.  Conversation 29

    2-1-3-6. Tone 30

    2-1-3-7-description 30

    2-1-3-8. Scene 31

    2-1-3-9. Component of location 31

    2-1-3-10. Space 31

    2-1-3-11. The component of narration time 32

    2-1-3-11-1. 33 lapse time

    2-1-3-11-1-1.  Order 33

    2-1-3-11-1-2. Continuity/Late 34

    2-1-3-11-1-3. Frequency 34

    Part Two: Memorable Narrative 35

    2-2. Biography 35

    2-2-1. Autobiography 35

    2-2-2. Biography and memory 37

    2-2-3. Fictional biography 37

    2-2-4. Differences and similarities between biography and story 38

    2-2-5. Characteristics of fictional biography 39

    2-2-6. History, story, memory and biography 40

    2-2-6-1. The difference between history and memory 40

    2-2-6-2. History and story 41

    2-2-6-3. Truth-like in history and story 41

    2-2-6-4. The difference between history and story 42

    2-2-7. Nostalgia 43

    2-2-7-1. Nostalgia and memory 44

    2-2-8. Memory 44

    2-2-8-1. The term and root of the word memory 45

    2-2-8-2. Definition of memory 45

    2-2-8-3. Memorizing 46

    2-2-8-4. Function of memory 47

    2-2-8-5. Memoir writing background 49

    2-2-8-6. Features of memory 51

    2-2-8-7. Benefits of memory 53

    2-2-8-8. Reasons for turning to memoir writing 54

    2-2-8-9. Memory language 54

    2-2-8-10. Types of memory 54

    2-2-8-11. Similarity and difference between memory and story 55

    2-2-8-11-1. Objectivity and imagination 57

    2-2-8-11-2. Creative narrative or documentary 58

    2-2-8-11-3. Personality or characterization? 58

    2-2-8-11-4. Viewing angle 59

    2-2-8-11-5. Selection and elimination 60

    2-2-8-11-6. Time and place 60

    2-2-8-11-7. Events 61

    Chapter Three: A look at the life and works of Goli Targhee

    3-1. Goli Targhee 63

    3-2. Works 63

    3-2-1. About scattered memories 63

    3-2-2. About two worlds 64

    3-3. Features of Targhee stories 66

    3-3-1. Language 66

    3-3-2. Humor 66

    3-3-3. Time 68

    Chapter Four

    Investigation of the narrative type of "Memory-story" in Goli Targhi's works

    Part I: Review of the book "Scattered Memories" 70

    4-1-1.  Shemiran bus (2-22) 70

    4-1-1-1. Story components in the narration of "Shemiran Bus" 70

    4-1-1-1-1. PrangPirang 70

    4-1-1-1-2. Characterization 72

    4-1-1-1-3. Narrator and narration method 76

    4-1-1-1-4. Description 77

    4-1-1-1-4-1. Sensation 78

    4-1-1-1-4-2. Simile 79

    4-1-1-1-5. Language 80

    4-1-1-1-5-1. The names of sounds 81

    4-1-1-1-5-2. Humor 81

    4-1-1-1-6. Narration time 82

    4-1-1-2. Components of memory in the narration of "Shemiran Bus" 83

    4-1-1-2-1. Objectivity 83

    4-1-1-2-2. Time 84

    4-1-1-2-3. Place 85

    4-1-1-2-4. Character 86

    4-1-1-3. The final analysis of this narration 86

    4-1-2. Little friend (23-47) 87

    4-1-2-1.  Story elements in the narration of "Dost Koch" 87

    4-1-2-1-1. Pirang 87

    4-1-2-1-2. Characterization 88

    4-1-2-1-3. Narrator and method of narration 91

    4-1-2-1-4. Narration time 92

    4-1-2-1-5. Nostalgia 93

    4-1-2-2. Components of memory in the narration of "Little Friend" 93

    4-1-2-2-1. Objectivity 93

    4-1-2-2-2. Time 93

    4-1-2-2-3. Place 94

    4-1-2-2-4. Characters 94

    4-1-2-3. The final analysis of this narration 95

    4-1-3.  Grandmother's house (48-75) 96

    4-1-3-1. Story elements in the narration of "Grandmother's House" 96

    4-1-3-1-1. Pirang 96

    4-1-3-1-2. Characterizing 97

    4-1-3-1-3. Narrator and narration style 100

    4-1-3-1-4. Description 101

    4-1-3-1-4-1. Sensation 103

    4-1-3-1-5.  Language 104

    4-1-3-1-5-1. Humor 104

    4-1-3-1-6. Time of narration 105

    4-1-3-2. Components of memory in the narration of "Grandmother's House" 106

    4-1-3-2-1. Objectivity 106

    4-1-3-2-2. Place 106

    4-1-3-1-3. Character 107

    4-1-3-3.  The final analysis of this narration 107

    4-1-5. Servant(98-138) 108

    4-1-5-1. Story components in the narration of "Servant" 108

    4-1-5-1-1. Pirang 108

    4-1-5-1-2. Characterization 109

    4-1-5-1-3. Conversation 109

    4-1-5-1-4. Narrator and method of narration 111

    4-1-5-1-5. Description 112

    4-1-5-1-6. Time of narration 113

    4-1-5-2. Components of memory in the narration of "Servant" 113

    4-1-5-2-1. Objectivity 113

    4-1-5-3. The final analysis of this narration 114

    4-1-6. Madame Grege (140-156) 115

    4-1-6-1. Story components in the narration of "Madame Grege" 115

    4-1-6-1-1. Pirang 115

    4-1-6-1-2. Narrator and method of narration 115

    4-1-6-1-3. Description 116

    4-1-6-1-4. Language 117

    4-1-6-1-5. Time of narration 118

    4-1-6-2. Components of memory in the narration of "Madame Grege" 118

    4-1-6-2-1. Objectivity 118

    4-1-7.  A house in the sky (158-179) 119

    4-1-8. The strange habits of Mr. "A" in exile (182-231) 120

    Part II: Review of the book "Two Worlds" 121

    4-2-1. First day (9-27) 121

    4-2-1-1. Story components in the narration of "The First Day" 121

    4-2-1-1-1. Pirang 121

    4-2-1-1-2. Narrator and narration style 122

    4-2-1-1-3. Description 124

    4-2-1-1-4. Time of narration 125

    4-2-1-2. Components of memory in the narration of "The First Day" 125

    4-2-1-2-1. Objectivity 125

    4-2-1-3. The final analysis of this narration 126

    4-2-2. Ladies (29-61) 127

    4-2-2-1. Story components in the narration of "Ladies" 127

    4-2-2-1-1. Pirang 127

    4-2-2-1-2. Characterization 129

    4-2-2-1-3. Narrator and method of narration 132

    4-2-2-1-4. Description 132

    4-2-2-1-5. Nominal notation 133

    4-2-2-1-6. Language 133

    4-2-2-1-6-1. Names of sounds 133

    4-2-2-1-6-2. Humor 134

    4-2-2-1-7. Time of narration 134

    4-2-2-2. Components of memory in the narration of "Ladies" 134

    4-2-2-2- 1. Objectivity 134

    4-2-2-2-2. Time 135

    4-2-2-3. The final analysis of this narration 135

    4-2-3. Beyond the wall (65-92) 136

    4-2-3-1. Story components in the narration of "Beyond the Wall" 136

    4-2-3-1-1. Pirang 136

    4-2-3-1-2. Characterization 137

    4-2-3-1-3. Narrator and method of narration 138

    4-2-3-1-4. Description 138

    4-2-3-1-4-1. Simile 139

    4-2-3-1-4-2. Diagnosis 139

    4-2-3-1-5. Nominal notation 140

    4-2-3-1-6. Language 140

    4-2-3-1-6-1. The names of 140 sounds

    4-2-3-1-6-2.

Investigating the narrative type of story memory in two works "Scattered Memories" and "Two Worlds" by Goli Targhee
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