A critical analysis of the discourse of the Iranian film "Ye Habbe Qand" by Reza Mirkarimi

Dissertation for Master's degree

General orientation

Abstract

Critical discourse analysis is that aspect of linguistics that uncovers the underlying elements of language, reveals its hidden aspects, and influences people's thoughts and the way they perceive social issues, and can reveal the facts to people for better thinking and decision-making. Make more correct and fair judgment clear. The current research aims to use Fairclough's three-dimensional approach (description, interpretation and explanation), which is a framework for critical analysis of discourse, to show how the produced movies can be analyzed in terms of critical discourse analysis. In this regard, parts of the movie "Yeh Habbe Qand" by Reza Mirkarimi have been considered as an example to answer the research questions: How does the dialogue of the film reflect the ideology ruling the mind of the film director? And how is the woman represented in this film? The results of this research showed that the dialogue of the film has well depicted the ideology that dominates the mind of the director, and the woman in this film is not represented as a second-rate and weak being.

Keywords: discourse - discourse analysis - critical analysis of discourse - summary of Yeh Habe Kand - Reza Mirkarimi - structures Discourse - Ideology.

1-1.         

Since the beginning of his creation, man has always needed communication with his fellow man, and this need has increased over the years and centuries, so that it has become an undeniable necessity in human life.

Attention to language, its role and place has always been one of the intellectual concerns of man. Since thought affects speech and speech also affects behavior, language plays an important role. plays in the society. Language, just as it can be a tool for enlightening people, it can also be misleading. Just as it can be in the service of truth and truth, it can also be in the service of falsehood.

From the perspective of Davari and Aghagolzadeh (1388); Language is a reflection of the civilization and culture of every border and environment and a reflection of the social and historical developments and events of human societies, from a unique point of view that has undergone tremendous transformations and transformations over time, and this in itself is a sign of the dynamics of this unique human ability.

Language, as a representation, is a system of concepts and ideas that is formed from society, discourse and the ruling ideology and in the form of spoken language. And writing is manifested as a means of communication, therefore it can always be a worthy subject for study and research (Aghagolzadeh et al., 2018).

Language, as the most important and advanced means of human communication, has long been the focus of thinkers. All human beings have mastered a language since childhood and use it. This is so easy, natural and widespread that it may seem unimportant to some people to study it. But the study of human languages ??shows that language is an infinitely complex, abstract and generative system and is woven into the whole fabric of human life, to the extent that it has been said that "what shaped our past, makes us present, and our future is under its control, is language" (Soltani, 1384: 13, Saeednia, 1392).

In the periods of Throughout the history of mankind, the study of language from the spoken and written aspects has been one of the topics that researchers of various fields, including philosophers, psychologists, anthropologists, linguists, and especially text analysts in recent decades, and the results of these studies have crystallized in the form of linguistic approaches. Among these approaches is Noam Chomsky's theory of formalism[1]. In this theory, Chomsky states that language is a biological system and that society and culture have no role and place in its formation. In contrast to this view, the theory of role orientation [3] emerged, which believes that language is a means of communication in society. This approach examines form and meaning together, meaning that it believes in examining language in context and believes that role is preferable to form. In role orientation, emphasis is placed on the social and contextual roles of language, while formal linguistics emphasizes the study of language outside the context, i.e. the form, apart from the role.In formalism, there is a belief in the independence and autonomy of the form, while roleism is always looking for role explanations, in such a way that it considers language as a tool or, in better words, a set of tools whose appearance is given to them based on the role they play and therefore can be justified according to the role they play. Discourse analysis [4] in line with role-oriented linguistics

Fortunately, in recent decades, linguistic studies have progressed significantly and have gradually moved from theoretical discussions and the expression of general and abstract concepts to practical and interdisciplinary issues [5]. One of these interdisciplinary topics and concepts is the concept of discourse analysis, which as a field in the science of linguistics examines how the meaning and message of linguistic units are formed in relation to intra-linguistic factors as well as extra-linguistic factors. Critical discourse analysis [6] is one of the new fields in linguistics, especially discourse analysis that analyzes language. As a social practice in relation to factors such as power[7], ideology[8], culture[9], society[10], hegemony[11] and historical context[12], it is studied at the level of the text, whether spoken or written, and in this regard, by presenting specific strategies, it introduces power in the discourse and power on the other side of the discourse, and as a result, the truths are revealed to the people in the direction of It is better to think and make a more correct decision and make a fairer judgment.

In this approach, language is not a transparent mirror that shows the facts, but it is a glass that distorts the facts and how it is analyzed in the will of the hidden and obvious powers present in cultural, social and political institutions, creates discourses and then the desired discourses, with ideology and specific goals in the passage of time through social institutions. They have made such a place in the society and appear natural that people consider that discourse and the acceptance of that thinking as a natural and logical thing and without any resistance, they accept it and imagine that they think, judge and make decisions freely and at their own discretion. Critical linguistics, due to the efforts of thinkers such as Michel Foucault[13] and Jacques Dryda[14] and other prominent Western thinkers, entered cultural, social, and political studies and took a critical form. These thinkers expanded discourse analysis in the form of critical discourse analysis. One of the important goals of critical discourse analysis is to reveal the intentions behind the text or, in a broader sense, a discourse. Through this achievement, the audience reaches a deeper level of analysis and looks at the text and the intentions of its creators from a critical point of view. As (Farklaf, 2001, Aghagolzadeh et al., 2013) believe that: critical discourse analysis, in addition to exposing how language functions in maintaining and changing power relations in contemporary societies, tries to increase people's knowledge and awareness of the role of language in shaping, maintaining or changing power relations that lead to the creation of domination and colonialism. The desired awareness may eventually lead to change or resistance against these relationships and the unjust system.

The main goal of this research is to take the first step in this direction, but because both discourse approaches have wide complexity and diversity, and the field of culture covers large parts of society, the explanation of the interaction between the methods of discourse analysis and cultural studies in a brief research of this kind. It is not possible. Considering the importance of this topic and the fact that so far few people have analyzed the discourse in the context of the film, it seems necessary to carry out such a research. Therefore, in this area, an attempt will be made to show how Fairclough's approach can be used for the critical analysis of the discourse of the film "Ye Habbe Khand" by Reza Mirkarimi.

Abstract

Critical discourse analysis, the aspect of the science of linguistics is to uncover the underlying elements of the language, it reveals on hidden aspects and influences on people's ideas and can affect on social ideas, to better thinking and better decision and better judgment for making clear truth. The present research is using the three-dimensional approach Fairclough (description, interpretation and explanation) that is a framework for critical analysis of the discourse, it shows how films are produced can be investigated the critical discourse analysis