Investigating the function and meaning of the morpheme "Wa" in some ancient interpretations of the Qur'an in Persian

Academic Thesis for M.A.                                                                        Field: Persian language and literature

Abstract:

The structural and semantic transformations of words and language combinations are very important in the field of language history research because it helps us to identify the authenticity and antiquity of our language. Over time, these compounds gradually lost their original or multiple meanings and were used in a more limited or figurative sense. Among them, the morpheme "Wa" is used in many combinations with verbs, nouns, adverbs, adjectives, suffixes, etc. It has been used that in this research, while examining the application of the morpheme "Wa", its multiple meanings in the translations and interpretations of the Holy Quran in the old Persian language from the 4th to the 14th century. The search and evolution of it up to the present day. So far, researchers have conducted research in the field of identifying the ancient Persian language in interpretive texts, which fortunately has been gaining attention. And this research has also been done to complete the same research process. The research method has been carried out in a library and using the computer software of Majal Tafasir Noor. Most of these interpretations are related to the region of Khorasan and some are related to the city of Ray, Kashmir and India. As a result, it has been determined that the morpheme "Wa" in these interpretations has been used a lot in the meanings of "with, open, to, on, towards, in, for" and also to express regret and surprise, because the Persian language has played a significant role in the Islamic civilization of Iran, especially in the Khorasan regions, and had a meaningful and expressive structure, but due to the lack of codification of scientific grammar and the desire for novelty and the influence of the Arabic language, the letters have been changed or lost, causing the morpheme "Wa" to have a more limited use today. and it is mostly used as a prefix in expressing surprise and in some verbs, and its other uses are obsolete. rtl;"> 

1-1 Introduction:

Linguistics has been the focus of all researchers throughout the ages, which has promoted language and literature and its principles and knowledge bases as a mission in today's civilized world. According to each period, due to the existence of different Iranian tribes and clans, each of which had its own language and dialect, there was a need for a unified language, which can be understood from the works of researchers in Islamic countries and Iran, as well as in India, ancient Rome, Greece, and the land of China. For example, in the land of India, the ancient Sanskrit language was studied by Indian linguists almost from the middle of the millennium BC; But both Vedic and Ancient Sanskrit gradually became obsolete and fell out of common use. Even during the Achaemenid era, which was the awakening period of national solidarity, we cannot speak of the existence of an all-encompassing official language, thus the product of this effort and continuous pursuit throughout history is the same cultural heritage that has survived for us and the task of protecting it has been entrusted to us. Linguistics has not been dealt with, nowadays special attention has been paid to it, and fortunately, students and scholars of Persian language showed their interest in research in this field. Several articles and books have been written on the subject of interpretations and translations and its linguistic features, even about the use of "various letters" which has been discussed in the background section of the research, but it is not enough and there is a place to continue this effort and collect a complete culture of the use of letters, morphemes, suffixes and prefixes used in old sources from the 3rd to 6th centuries of Hijra to be used by researchers to decipher ancient texts.

Every person wants to know where he came from and what was the cultural and linguistic background of his ancestors, the information and books that are known as the cultural heritage of the world and have guided human history, including the heavenly books that have a superior position, and the motivation of this research was to participate in a share of this position in order to remember a role in preserving the mother tongue of his beloved land.

In this thesis, the application and meaning The morpheme "Wa" has been discussed in the exegetical texts of the 4th to 14th centuries of Hijri, and the main source of data collection is Jame'al-Tafsir Noor software, two tafsirs of Taj al-Tarajam and Tafsir Nasfi from version 2.1 of this software and for the rest of the interpretations and translations of the Qur'an from version 2.5 were used. who had eloquence and eloquence in their speech, it was very enjoyable and the guidance and guidance of the respected teacher added to the sweetness of the work. The author of these lines was not identified and had to settle for Majmaal Tafasir Noor software. In this research, to refer to the surah and verses of the Quran; Inside the parentheses, the name of the surah is given, and on the left side of it is the desired sign number. (Surah name/verse number) For example (Al-Baqarah/34), in referring to the translation of the verses, the name of the translation is also mentioned along with its volume and page number, for example, (Al-Mizan translation, volume 2, page 530) which is displayed as follows: (Al-Mizan, vol. 2: 530), in referring to the contents of a series of multi-volume books, after presenting the desired content, the abbreviation "J" is used. which indicates the cover and after that the cover number of the book is stated along with the referenced page; For example: (Nasafi, vol. 2: 1147) which indicates page 1147 of the second volume of Nasafi's commentary. To refer to the year of publication, if it is other than the solar year, with the abbreviation "Kh." in the meaning of solar and "m." It is displayed in the Gregorian meaning. For example, Batani, Mohammad Reza. (1354 AD). Also, in carrying out this research, as mentioned, the software "Jamael al-Tafaseer Noor versions 2.1 and 2.5" was used, which is a program with rich content and useful facilities that paved the research path for Islamic science researchers and Quranic scholars. This software contains text features that include the full text of 302 book titles in 1419 volumes in the following fields: commentary, translation, transliteration, Quranic vocabulary and dictionary, the full text of the Holy Quran, 183 Persian and Arabic commentary titles, 55 Persian translations, 47 translations in 25 foreign languages, the full text of 4 English commentary titles, 5 authentic Quranic dictionaries, 4 dictionaries and so on. The possibility of advanced search in the text of the Holy Quran and commentaries is the connection of selected verses with translations and its exact position in the commentaries, which is introduced and expressed in the characteristics of some commentaries and translations in ancient Persian and their authors in the third chapter, as well as the presentation of examples and data classification of the use of the morpheme "Wa" in the exegetical texts of commentators and translators of the Qur'an in ancient Persian and the presentation of its verses in the fourth chapter, from this software as one of the sources The main part of this research has been used. This research is organized in five chapters, the first chapter: about the generalities of the research, the second chapter: discusses the Persian language and the components of the language and the characteristics of the ancient Persian language, the third chapter: the introduction of interpretative texts and the translation of the Qur'an into the ancient Persian language, which is used in this article, and the fourth chapter: the presentation of the multiple uses and meanings of the morpheme "wa" in the translations and interpretations of the Qur'an in the ancient Persian language and its equivalence in the Arabic language and the verses of the Qur'an, and the fifth chapter is also the conclusion of the search The morpheme "Wa" in the ancient Persian language and its evolution until today is expressed, and suggestions are also presented. 1-2 statement of the problem:

With the changes in the society, the language also evolves, during the formation of the Persian language, many languages, including Arabic, have influenced the Persian language. During the first centuries of Hijri, Iranian Muslims made many efforts to translate the Holy Quran into Arabic. These efforts were on the one hand to translate the Arabic language into Persian and on the other hand to preserve the sanctity of the Holy Quran.