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Examining the morphological construction of military science words approved by the Persian Language and Literature Academy

Number of pages: 145 File Format: word File Code: 31517
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Literature - Persian Language
Tags/Keywords: academy - Foreign vocabulary - language - Military science words - Military vocabulary - Persian language and literature - Persian literature - simple construction
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  • Summary of Examining the morphological construction of military science words approved by the Persian Language and Literature Academy

    Dissertation for M.A

    Treatment: General Linguistics

    Abstract

    The Persian Language and Literature Academy, by forming specialized word selection groups, continuously and with a regular process, has been involved in creating, recreating and approving specialized words and terms, and in this regard, subject cultures with He compiled the title of a thousand words and presented it to the scientific community. Considering the importance of preserving and enriching the language on the one hand and the cultural authenticity of each nation on the other hand, the need to address the discussion of word formation is felt as one of the most obvious ways to achieve this authenticity and strengthen the language. By clarifying the wording or word selection process of the Persian language in the past, it is possible to prepare the way for appropriate wording in the present, and to meet the needs of the language regarding new words to prevent the introduction of foreign words. In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the morphological structure of the words approved by the academy in the field of military sciences, so that with the knowledge of the history of military words and how they change, the future of the current words and the luck of the people to modern military words can also be predicted. In collecting the data of this research from the field method and in their analysis, the descriptive method has been used. The results of this research are as follows: 1) the structure of most of the words is nominal group; 2) few words are composed of derived nouns; 3) the number of nouns derived from endings is more than endings; 4) In compound nouns, the in-center structure of the nucleus-ending is used far more than the ex-center structure; 5) Suffix addition has been used more than prefix addition.

    -1- Introduction

    The Third Academy of Persian Language and Literature has tried to create words in the field of language and science by forming numerous word selection groups. During this period, the number of approved words of some specialized groups exceeded the limit of 1000 words, and it was necessary to compile thematic dictionaries of approved words in different fields. Therefore, word selection groups compiled thematic dictionaries under the title of thousand words and presented them to the scientific community. Farhangistan, by accepting foreign words, adopted a Persian equivalent next to it, in the hope that this Persian equivalent will gradually take the place of foreign words. In this research, an attempt will be made to investigate the morphological construction of the words approved by the academy in the field of military sciences. By clarifying the wording or word selection process of the Persian language in the past, it is possible to prepare the way for proper wording in the present, and to meet the needs of the language regarding new words to prevent the introduction of foreign words. By knowing the history of military words and how they change, it is possible to predict the future of current words and people's preference for modern military words. The culture of the society is effective. Composition and derivation are the two main ways of word formation in the language, which have special rules in terms of meaning. In combination, two or more words join together and make a compound word. In derivation, a new word is created through word addition. The encounter of the Persian language with the new culture and civilization has made it face a big problem, which is the expression of new scientific, technical and cultural concepts. The societies that were themselves in the work of creating this culture, naturally had the opportunity to create a scientific language as well. But the Persian speakers encountered this culture when the modern science had swept the field and a number of foreign words were introduced into the Persian language, and therefore the Persian Language and Literature Academy began to equate them. The occurrence of changes and transformations of any society in various social, political, scientific, technical, cultural and military dimensions requires the creation of a transformation at the level of language vocabulary. One of the very important fields that has been invaded by foreign words in recent years is the military field. Word selection groups reached 61 groups by 2013, currently specialized groups in six fields collect foreign words in their specialized fields and equate them, in accordance with the principles and rules of the academy. The members of these groups are experts from the academies of sciences, medical sciences, art, prominent university professors and experts.

     

     

    Abstract

     

    The Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL), regularly and continuously, by establishment specialized terminology departments has been on the way to form, renew, approve of words and specialized expressions; in this purpose topical dictionaries titled by Hezar Vaje (The approved one thousand entries) presented to the scientific society. On the other hand, regard with the necessity of preservation and richness of language, and cultural originality of every nation in another side; going to word formation, as one of crystal lines to approach this language originality and amplification, has been felt. Exploring Persian language word formation or word selection process in the past, now we will be able to prepare the way to suitable word formation and also removing language requirements of new entries to prevent of coming foreign entries. This research went into investigation of APLL approved morphological structure in the field of military sciences aims to give knowledge of military entries background and their changing trend to forecast the future of current entries and people acceptance to new born military entries. This research to collect its data has been enjoyed from library research method and in analysis and interpretation; descriptive method. The outcomes of the research are as follows:

    Most of word structures were nominal groups;

    Few words were formed by structure of derivative nouns;

    The number of hierarchical nouns were more than of non-hierarchical ones;

    In compound nouns, the usage of endocentric head-last structure was more than exocentric head-first;

    Suffixification applied more than prefixation.

  • Contents & References of Examining the morphological construction of military science words approved by the Persian Language and Literature Academy

    List:

    Chapter One: General Research

    1-1- Introduction .. 2

    1-2- Statement of the problem.  2

    1-3- The importance of research. 3

    1-4- research objectives. 4

    1-5- Research questions. 4

    1-6- research hypotheses. 4

    1-7- Definition of keywords.  5

    1-8- Research method. 5

    1-9- Research structure.  6

    1-10- research limitations.  7

    Chapter Two: Theoretical Studies

    2-1- Introduction .. 9

    2-2- Theoretical foundations of research.   9

    2-2-1- Brief History   9

    2-2-2 - What is the word?   .  13

    2-2-3- Morphology and its types.  15

          2-2-3-1- free and bound (dependent) morphemes.   16

    2-2-3-2- Grammatical and dictionary morphemes.   16

    2-2-4 - Vand .. 17

    2-2-5 - Division of compound words.   19

    2-2-5-1- division based on the combination list.   19

    2-2-5-2-semantic division of compound words.   19

    2-2-6- Transparency and darkness in compound words.   20

    2-2-7-Syntactic and semantic core in compound words.   21

    2-2-8- syntactic core in off-center words.   22

    2-2-9 - syntactic core in balanced words.   22 2-2-10- The importance of the semantic core.   23 2-2-11- Compound nouns.   23

    2-2-11-1 - Internal drainage.   24

    2-2-11-2- Nuclear.   24

    2-2-11-3- The order of sentence components.   24

          2-2-11-4 - Compound nouns in terms of the semantics of the combination.   24

    2-2-12- Linked compounds.   25

    2-2-13- Non-current composition in Persian language.  26

    2-2-14- Derivation process.  27

    2-2-15- Examining different aspects of word formation.  28

    2-2-15-1- Necessity of word formation.   28

    2-2-15-2- Types of word formation.   29

    2-2-15-3- word formation processes.   30

    2-2-15-4- Necessary conditions for word formation.   32

    2-2-15-5-Obstacles to word formation.   32

    2-2-16- Types of new words in terms of origin.   34

    2-2-17- Obstacles to the institutionalization of new words.   34

    2-2-17-1- Intralingual factors.   34

    2-2-17-2- extra-linguistic factors.   36

    2-2-18- Word selection.  36

    2-2-19- The language of science.  36

    20-2-2- Ways of choosing words.  36

    2-2-21- Equivalence methods.  37

    2-2-22- Terms of word selection.  37

    2-3- The practical basics of research.   39

    2-3-1- Introduction.   39

    2-3-2- A brief history of spending in Iran.   39

    2-3-3- Studies of Iranian researchers.  39

    2-3-3-1- Traditional researches.   39

    2-3-3-2- Modern non-analytical researches.   40

          2-3-3-3- New analytical researches..   40

    2-3-4 Studies of non-Iranian researchers. 54

    Chapter three: Research methodology

    3-1- Introduction 59

    3-2- Research method.   59

    3-3- Volume of samples and measurement method.   59

    3-4- Data collection tool.   59

    3-5- Data analysis method.   60

    Chapter four: Data analysis

    4-1- Introduction .. 62

    4-2 - Data analysis 62

    4-2-1- Summary of contents  62

    4-2-2- Derivative-compound nouns.   64

    4-2-3- Compound nouns.   66

    4-2-4- Derivative nouns.   70

    4-2-5 - nominal groups.   72

    4-2-6 - simple nouns.   83

    Chapter Five: Conclusion and Suggestions

    5-1- Introduction 85

    5-2- Research Summary.   85

    3-5- Answering the research questions.   87

    5-4- Suggestions.   90

    List of sources.   91

    Persian-English dictionary.   96

    English-Persian terms.   134

     

     

    Source:

    Persian sources:

    Arghwani, Maryam (1388). Morphological and semantic analysis of the words approved by the Academy and its compliance with the conventional rules of word formation in Persian language, Master's Thesis, Azad UniversityMorphological and semantic analysis of the words approved by the Academy and its compliance with the conventional rules of word formation in Persian, Master's Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran branch. Afrashi, Azita (2008). Transparency and obscurity of meaning, Literature and Language Journal, No. 9-12, 67-72.  A reflection on word formation and scientific equivalent selection, master's thesis, University of Tehran.

    Ohadi, Simin (1357). An attitude to new words, master's thesis, University of Tehran.

    O'Grady, William and others (1380). An introduction to contemporary linguistics, translated by Ali Darzi, Tehran: Samt.

    Bayat, Kaveh (1370). "Farhangistan and the change of geographical names in Iran", Nash Danesh magazine, p. 63, 12-26.

    Poyanfar, Fazalullah (1378). Examining word formation processes in Mazandarani dialect, master's thesis, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran branch.

    Pir Shafiei, Sarwar (1361). Word formation processes in Persian language, master's thesis, University of Tehran.

    Tajik, Pune (1388). Examining the frequency of words approved by the academy in the field of biology in the biology textbook of the pre-university course, doctoral thesis, Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies. "In-Text Phraseology, A Definitive Treatment", Nash Danesh Magazine, Volume 1, 27-31.

    Hirani, Asadullah (2008). "Word Construction", Persian Language and Literature Development Journal, No. 90, 50-52.

    Khabaz, Majid (2016). "The position of the nucleus in Persian non-current words", Tastur magazine, special issue of Farhangistan, vol.3, 155-166, Tehran: Farhangistan of Persian Language and Literature.

    Rafiei, Adel (1387). A look at the function of derivational suffixes in Persian language, doctoral thesis, Allameh Tabatabai University.

    Robins, R. H (1370). A Brief History of Linguistics, translated by Ali Mohammad Haqshanas, Tehran: Nashmarkaz.

    Rostai, Mohsen (1373). "Military Vocabulary Approved by Farhangistan Iran", Tarikh Journal, Vol.

    - (1377). "Scientific Vocabulary Approved by the Iranian Academy", The Documentary Magazine, No. 31, 32, 76-89.

    Zarnikhi, Abolfazl (1382). "Vocabulary, the language of science and scientific development", collection of essays of the second consensus

    Vocabulary and Terminology, Tehran: Persian Language and Literature Academy.

    Zariab Khoi, Abbas (1363). "Theories about scientific and cultural words", Nash Danesh Magazine, No. 26, 3-6. (2009). "Combination and derivation of two word-making tools", a collection of articles of the first consensus on word choice and terminology issues, Tehran: Persian Language and Literature Academy. Zamardian, Reza (2012). "Processes of word-making", collection of articles of the second conference on word selection and terminology, Tehran: Persian Language and Literature Academy. 

    Sabzvari, Mehdi (2011). "Explanation and analysis of semantic relations in compound nouns outside the standard Persian center", Critical Research Journal of Humanities Techniques and Programs, Vol. 1, 45-62. Samiigilani, Ahmad (1379). "Combination and derivation of the two main ways of word formation", Nash Danesh magazine, Vol. 3, 13-16. Sharif, Babak (1386). A critical examination of the approved words of the Persian Language and Literature Academy, master's thesis, University of Tehran.

    Shaghaghi, Vida (1386). Mebani Saraf, Tehran: Samat.

    Sadeghi, Ali Ashraf (1372). "Methods and Possibilities of Word Formation in Contemporary Persian Language (1)", Nash Danesh Magazine, Vol. 64, 12-14. (1372). "Methods and Possibilities of Word Formation in Contemporary Persian Language (2)", Neshar Danesh Magazine, No. 65, 12-6.

    - (1372). "Methods and Possibilities of Word Formation in Contemporary Persian Language (3)", Nash Danesh Magazine, No. 67, 23-28. (1372). "Methods and Possibilities of Word Formation in Contemporary Persian Language(4)", Nash Danesh Magazine, No. 69, 21-25.

    - (1372). "Methods and Possibilities of Word Formation in Contemporary Persian Language(5)", Nash Danesh Magazine, No. 70, 39-45.

    - (1372). "Methods and Possibilities of Word Formation in Contemporary Persian Language(6)", Nash Danesh Magazine, No. 71, 15-19.

    - (1372). "Methods and Possibilities of Word Formation in Contemporary Persian Language (7)", Nashr Danesh Magazine, 73, 19-23. (1372). "Methods and Possibilities of Word Formation in Contemporary Persian Language (8)", Nash Danesh Magazine, No. 74, 22-29.

    - (1372). "Methods and Possibilities of Word Formation in Contemporary Persian Language(9)", Nash Danesh Magazine, Vol. 75, pp. 15-9.

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