Character morphology in Bahman Nameh

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree in Persian language and literature "M.A."

Abstract

Characteristics in Bahman Namah

Topic of Bahman Namah is the life story of Bahman, the son of King Esfandiar Kiani and His hostilities with the family of Rostam Zal are gone. Bahman, who is the hero of this story, has a special character in ancient and historical writings. In these works, he is the end of the Pahlavi era and the beginning of the historical era. In this research, we have analyzed and investigated the characters of Bahman Nameh by using the Propp morphological model, because by using this model, we could easily analyze and analyze the actions and actions of the characters. The story of Bahman Nameh is also because it is an epic story and it talks about grudges and fighting and its characters, like the prop model, are not out of the two states of heroes and villains and their functions, it became the basis for using this model. The necessity of carrying out this research is to examine and analyze the characters of Bahmannameh based on the desired pattern, as well as analyzing the personalities from four perspectives: (1- hero and anti-hero, 2- type and type, 3- static and dynamic, 4- traits). It is concluded that the characters are either supporters and helpers of the hero of the story, or they have an anti-hero behavior and are supporters of the villain. Each of the characters enters the scene of the story to provide a service or a mission and leaves behind their own (functional) work. This story has four movements in which actions occur, and the most important of them are evil, the fight between the villain and the hero, the defeat of the hero or the villain, the punishment of the villain, liberation, reward, and sitting on the throne.

Key words: Avalanche, morphology, self-action, villain, helper, hero, magical agent.

-1-Introduction

Morphology is a word that is used in different fields, but when it is mentioned in the field of literature and fiction, it takes on a different meaning and its function changes. During the past years, many researchers and critics, especially in the West, have tried and tried to analyze and review literary and fictional works, and each of them has put forward a model and a plan for reviewing the works. By studying and researching these works, the best model that can be used in carrying out this research is Vladimir Propp's morphological model, which we will describe and explain in the following.

According to the definition of Vladimir Propp, the word morphology means the study and recognition of shapes, and personality morphology is the analysis, investigation, and recognition of the details and characteristics of people's behavior, behavior and character. There are many ways of characterization in the story, the author analyzes and examines the character and identifies him comprehensively by resorting to different aspects of the field of morphology. A fictional character is like a real person. It has different dimensions, some of which are hidden from human eyes and some of which are exposed to everyone's eyes. The main dimension and underpinning of personality is thought and psyche, and it is natural that people's psyche cannot be understood and touched, but their actions, behavior, speech and even their appearance show their hidden and inner dimensions, so we get to know the inside of people through their speech, behavior and appearance. If the character's motivation is not clear and clear, his actions are inexplicable or unbelievable. The character's motivation basically comes from two sources: 1- From the character's inner nature that was formed before the beginning of the novel. 2- From a series of external events that create special needs and expectations for the character after the beginning of the novel.

In the definition of the character, they said: "A pseudo-character is an imitation of the community that the author's global vision has given it individuality." Abrams says: "Characters are people who have a moral and conscious character in a play or a narrative work." These characteristics are shown in their words and actions. The motive and the context that the author creates form the character's state and moral nature for speech and action. (Abdullahian, 1381: 52-53)

Made people (creatures) that appear in stories and plays are called characters.Character: A narrative or dramatic work is a person whose psychological and moral quality is present in his actions and what he says and does. The creation of such characters that appear almost like real people to the reader in the field of the story is called characterization.

1-2-Statement of the problem

The word morphology, according to the definition of Vladimir Propp, means investigation and recognition, and the morphology of character means investigation and recognition of the details and behavioral characteristics of a person, which characterizes a character in terms of various states and actions that occur in the process. The story is being investigated. Bahmannameh is an epic work that describes the biography and life of Esfandiar's son Bahman and his grudges against the Zal family.                                                                                                                                                                                                             

1-3-Research objectives

A: Introduction and recognition of the characters in Bahman Nameh, examination of their mental and psychological characteristics and their actions and behavioral states in the course of the story based on their functions.

B: Another thing is that some of the characters in Bahman Nameh have been forgotten over time, and in this research, an attempt is made to Information about these people and their human or non-human goals should be stated.

A: Usually those epic poems that were written after the Shahnameh have not received much attention from researchers. In this research, by referring to the valuable epic points in the Bahmannameh system, we show how valuable and important the national epics are after the Shahnameh.                                D: Creating a structural model that can be used by researchers in the field of mythological and epic works. 1-4- Research assumptions A: Using the morphological model, the characters are divided into different types, each of which affects the story process. B: The heroes in this series with the help of Helpers achieve their goal, which is victory.

C: Evil creatures try to disrupt the work of the heroes with tricks and deception.

D: Heroes and villains consult with a minister or advisor to achieve their goals, especially when they are in trouble.

1-5-Research users

Bachelor's and master's students in the field of Persian language and literature will benefit the most from this research and will be well acquainted with an epic work as well as the analysis and investigation of its characters.

Chapter Two

(Basics) theoretical)

Narrative is the science of studying stories and means the hypothesis of expression or criticism of expression. It is a term that has become common since 1969 and it refers to a branch of literary studies that is devoted to the analysis of narratives and systems that govern narration (storytelling) and the structure of narratives. Narratology is a complex and complex analysis that depends on the relationship between the story and all other elements that contribute to its narration and includes the possibility of direct or impartial narration, the presence of the function and role of the narrator with the help of facial expressions, voice and style. At the same time, the importance of the tense of the verb and personal pronoun in the communication between the story, the storyteller and the reader is also included, and it studies the diversity of the principles and criteria of the layers of expression, as well as the possibility of changes in the external and internal awareness that requires the act of narration, and it examines and analyzes the relationship between the real author, the implied author, and the voice or voices of the narrator.